@article{Leonhardt:09,
author = {Rainer Leonhardt and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Wolfgang Wieser and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Fiber optics amplifiers and oscillators; Fibers, erbium; Lasers, tunable; Nonlinear optics, fibers; Nonlinear optics, four-wave mixing; Wavelength conversion devices ; Four wave mixing; Fourier domain mode locking; Laser sources; Optical coherence tomography; Optical frequency conversion; Semiconductor optical amplifiers},
number = {19},
pages = {16801--16808},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Nonlinear optical frequency conversion of an amplified Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser},
volume = {17},
month = {Sep},
year = {2009},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-19-16801},
doi = {10.1364/OE.17.016801},
abstract = {We report on the highly efficient non-linear optical frequency conversion of the wavelength swept output from a Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser. Different concepts for power scaling of FDML lasers by post-amplification with active fibers are presented. A two-stage post-amplification of an FDML laser with an amplification factor of 300 up to a peak power of 1.5 W is used to supply sufficient power levels for non-linear conversion. Using a single-mode dispersion shifted fiber (DSF), we convert this amplified output that covers the region between 1541 nm and 1545 nm to a wavelength range from 1572 nm to 1663 nm via modulation instability (MI). For this four wave mixing process we observe an efficiency of ~40\%. The anti-Stokes signal between 1435 nm and 1516 nm was observed with lower conversion efficiency. In addition to shifting the wavelength, the effect of MI also enables a substantial increase in the wavelength sweep rate of the FDML laser by a factor of ~50 to 0.55 nm/ns.},
}

@article{Gora:09,
author = {Michalina Gora and Karol Karnowski and Maciej Szkulmowski and Bartlomiej J. Kaluzny and Robert Huber and Andrzej Kowalczyk and Maciej Wojtkowski},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Ophthalmology; Crystalline lens; High speed imaging; Imaging systems; Ophthalmic imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {17},
pages = {14880--14894},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Ultra high-speed swept source OCT imaging of the anterior segment of human eye at 200 kHz with adjustable imaging range},
volume = {17},
month = {Aug},
year = {2009},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-17-14880},
doi = {10.1364/OE.17.014880},
abstract = {We present an application of in vivo anterior segment imaging of the human eye with an ultrahigh speed swept source OCT instrument. For this purpose, a dedicated OCT system was designed and constructed. This instrument enables axial zooming by automatic reconfiguration of spectral sweep range; an enhanced imaging range mode enables imaging of the entire anterior segment while a high axial resolution mode provides detailed morphological information of the chamber angle and the cornea. The speed of 200,000 lines/s enables high sampling density in three-dimensional imaging of the entire cornea in 250 ms promising future applications of OCT for optical corneal topography, pachymetry and elevation maps. The results of a preliminary quantitative corneal analysis based on OCT data free form motion artifacts are presented. Additionally, a volumetric and real time reconstruction of dynamic processes, like pupillary reaction to light stimulus or blink-induced contact lens movements are demonstrated.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.831835,
author = {Gesa Palte and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Robert Huber},
title = {{Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) lasers for polarization sensitive OCT}},
volume = {7372},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Techniques IV},
editor = {Peter E. Andersen and Brett E. Bouma},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {73720M},
abstract = {A Fourier Domain mode-locked (FDML) laser for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) is
presented. The laser generates an alternating sequence of wavelength sweeps with their polarization states 90° separated
on the Poincare sphere.},
keywords = {Lasers, tunable, optical coherence tomography, lasers, imaging systems, polarization, fiber},
year = {2009},
doi = {10.1117/12.831835},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.831835}
}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.200910028,
author = {Biedermann, Benjamin R. and Wieser, Wolfgang and Eigenwillig, Christoph M. and Huber, Robert},
title = {Recent developments in Fourier Domain Mode Locked lasers for optical coherence tomography: Imaging at 1310 nm vs. 1550 nm wavelength},
journal = {Journal of Biophotonics},
volume = {2},
number = {6-7},
pages = {357-363},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, tunable lasers, Fourier domain mode locking, optical frequency domain imaging},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.200910028},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jbio.200910028},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jbio.200910028},
abstract = {Abstract We report on recent progress in Fourier domain mode-locking (FDML) technology. The paper focuses on developments beyond pushing the speed of these laser sources. After an overview of improvements to FDML over the last three years, a brief analysis of OCT imaging using FDML lasers with different wavelengths is presented. For the first time, high speed, high quality FDML imaging at 1550 nm is presented and compared to a system at 1310 nm. The imaging results of human skin for both wavelengths are compared and analyzed. Sample arm optics, power on the sample, heterodyne gain, detection bandwidth, colour cut levels and sample location have been identical to identify the influence of difference in scattering and water absorption. The imaging performance at 1310 nm in human skin is only slightly better and the results suggest that water absorption only marginally affects the penetration depth in human skin at 1550 nm. For several applications this wavelength may be preferred. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH \& Co. KGaA, Weinheim)},
year = {2009}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.831831,
author = {Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Wolfgang Wieser and Robert Huber},
title = {{Wavelength swept ASE source}},
volume = {7372},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Techniques IV},
editor = {Peter E. Andersen and Brett E. Bouma},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {73720O},
abstract = {We present a novel wavelength swept light source for Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Arbitrary sweep rates up
to 2x170kHz are achieved by phase-shifted control of two optical bandpass-filters to compensate light propagation
effects.},
keywords = {amplified spontaneous emission, tunable lasers, lasers, optical coherence tomography, optical frequency domain imaging},
year = {2009},
doi = {10.1117/12.831831},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.831831}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{5191695,
  author={Huber, Robert},
  booktitle={CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference}, 
  title={State-of-the-art and future of ultrahigh speed OCT}, 
  year={2009},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-1},
  abstract={This paper reviews the current status of high speed OCT systems on the different levels of development: commercial, laboratory prototype style and proof of concept type systems. The pro and contra of SD-OCT and SS-OCT are discussed and an analysis of the desired optimum imaging speeds for various applications. SS-OCT systems are used for imaging in highly scattering tissue ~1300 nm, a line rate of 60 MHz was achieved by with SD-OCT.},
  keywords={},
  doi={10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5191695},
  ISSN={},
  month={June},}

@INPROCEEDINGS{5192900,
  author={Biedermann, Benjamin R. and Wieser, Wolfgang and Eigenwillig, Christoph M. and Klein, Thomas and Huber, Robert},
  booktitle={CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference}, 
  title={Dispersion, coherence and noise of Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) lasers}, 
  year={2009},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-1},
  abstract={We present a detailed analysis of coherence and noise of the FDML laser, depending on filter drive frequency, detuning and amount of cavity dispersion. The results provide insight into phase and amplitude noise of the laser light itself. We address the following two questions: (1) How much dispersion compensation is necessary for optimum laser performance in FDML for a certain width of the optical band pass filter? (2) How are timing mismatch effects, caused by either detuning of the drive frequency or chromatic dispersion in the cavity of the filter, related to coherence length and noise?},
  keywords={},
  doi={10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192900},
  ISSN={},
  month={June},}

@article{Biedermann:09,
author = {Benjamin R. Biedermann and Wolfgang Wieser and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Noise in imaging systems; Optical coherence tomography; Interferometry; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Dispersion; Laser light; Laser modes; Laser operation; Laser sources; Mode locking; Swept lasers},
number = {12},
pages = {9947--9961},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Dispersion, coherence and noise of Fourier domain mode locked lasers},
volume = {17},
month = {Jun},
year = {2009},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-12-9947},
doi = {10.1364/OE.17.009947},
abstract = {We report on the effect of chromatic dispersion on coherence length and noise of Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) lasers. An FDML laser with a sweep range of 100nm around 1550nm has been investigated. Cavity configurations with and without dispersion compensation have been analyzed using different widths of the intra-cavity optical band-pass filter. The measurements are compared to non-FDML wavelength swept laser sources. Based on these observations, a simple model is developed providing a connection between timing, photon cavity lifetime and characteristic time constant of the filter. In an optimized configuration, an instantaneous laser linewidth of 20pm is observed, corresponding to a 10{\texttimes} narrowing compared to the intra-cavity optical band-pass filter. A relative intensity noise of -133dBc/Hz or 0.2\% at 100MHz detection bandwidth during sweep operation is observed. For optimum operation, the filter drive frequency has to be set within 2ppm or 120mHz at 51kHz.},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{5194704,
  author={Klein, Thomas and Wieser, Wolfgang and Biedermann, Benjamin R. and Eigenwillig, Christoph M. and Palte, Gesa and Huber, Robert},
  booktitle={CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference}, 
  title={Raman pumped Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser: Analysis of operation and application for optical coherence tomography (OCT)}, 
  year={2009},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-1},
  abstract={limitations of the sweep repetition rate of rapidly wavelength swept laser sources. Such sources can be applied for optical coherence tomography (OCT) using frequency domain detection. This technique is called swept source OCT (ss-OCT) or optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI). FDML lasers usually consist of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as laser gain medium, an output coupler, a periodically driven optical band-pass filter (FFP-TF) and an optical delay line, so that their total length is typically several kilometres.},
  keywords={},
  doi={10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5194704},
  ISSN={},
  month={June},}

@article{Eigenwillig:09,
author = {Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Coherence imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Three-dimensional image acquisition; Lasers, tunable; Medical and biological imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Fourier domain mode locking; Laser operation; Laser sources; Laser systems; Mode locking; Optical coherence tomography},
number = {6},
pages = {725--727},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Subharmonic Fourier domain mode locking},
volume = {34},
month = {Mar},
year = {2009},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-34-6-725},
doi = {10.1364/OL.34.000725},
abstract = {We demonstrate a subharmonically Fourier domain mode-locked wavelength-swept laser source with a substantially reduced cavity fiber length. In contrast to a standard Fourier domain mode-locked configuration, light is recirculated repetitively in the delay line with the optical bandpass filter used as switch. The laser has a fundamental optical round trip frequency of 285 kHz and can be operated at integer fractions thereof (subharmonics). Sweep ranges up to 95 nm full width centred at 1317 nm are achieved at the 1/5th subharmonic. A maximum sensitivity of 116 dB and an axial resolution of 12 $\mu$m in air are measured at an average sweep power of 12 mW. A sensitivity roll-off of 11 dB over 4 mm and 25 dB over 10 mm is observed and optical coherence tomography imaging is demonstrated. Besides the advantage of a reduced fiber length, subharmonic Fourier domain mode locking (shFDML) enables simple scaling of the sweep speed by extracting light from the delay part of the resonator. A sweep rate of 570 kHz is achieved. Characteristic features of shFDML operation, such as power leakage during fly-back and cw breakthrough, are investigated.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.808555,
author = {Karol Karnowski and Michalina Gora and Bartlomiej Kaluzny and Robert Huber and Maciej Szkulmowski and Andrzej Kowalczyk and Maciej Wojtkowski},
title = {{Swept source OCT imaging of human anterior segment at 200 kHz}},
volume = {7163},
booktitle = {Ophthalmic Technologies XIX},
editor = {Fabrice Manns and Per G. S{\"o}derberg and Arthur Ho},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {716308},
abstract = {We present applicability of the high speed swept-source optical coherence tomography for in vivo imaging of the anterior segment of the human eye. Three dimensional imaging of the cornea with reduced motion artifacts is possible by using swept source with Fourier domain mode locking operating at 200kHz with 1300nm central wavelength. High imaging speeds allow for assessment of anterior and posterior corneal topography and generation of thickness and elevation maps.},
keywords = {Optical Coherence Tomography, Fourier domain detection methods, swept source OCT, anterior segment of the eye},
year = {2009},
doi = {10.1117/12.808555},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.808555}
}

@Misc{HU_2009_Huber_b,
  Title                    = {{Fourier domain mode locking: new lasers for optical coherence tomography}},

  Author                   = {Huber, Robert},
  Year                     = {2009},

  Booktitle                = {SPIE Newsroom},
  Doi                      = {10.1117/2.1200901.1440},
  ISSN                     = {18182259},
keywords = {AG-Huber_FDML, AG-Huber_OCT},
  Url                      = {http://www.spie.org/x33321.xml}
}

@inproceedings{Hillmann,
   author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Huttmann, Gereon and Koch, Peter},
   title = {Using nonequispaced fast Fourier transformation to process optical coherence tomography signals},
   editor = {Peter, E. Andersen and Brett, E. Bouma},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {7372},
   pages = {73720R},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1364/ECBO.2009.7372_0R},
year = { 2009}

}

@article{Gasca,
   author = {Gasca, F. and Ramrath, L. and Huettmann, G. and Schweikard, A.},
   title = {Automated segmentation of tissue structures in optical coherence tomography data},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   volume = {14},
   number = {3},
   pages = {034046},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
May-Jun},
   abstract = {Segmentation of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images provides useful information, especially in medical imaging applications. Because OCT images are subject to speckle noise, the identification of structures is complicated. Addressing this issue, two methods for the automated segmentation of arbitrary structures in OCT images are proposed. The methods perform a seeded region growing, applying a model-based analysis of OCT A-scans for the seed's acquisition. The segmentation therefore avoids any user-intervention dependency. The first region-growing algorithm uses an adaptive neighborhood homogeneity criterion based on a model of an OCT intensity course in tissue and a model of speckle noise corruption. It can be applied to an unfiltered OCT image. The second performs region growing on a filtered OCT image applying the local median as a measure for homogeneity in the region. Performance is compared through the quantitative evaluation of artificial data, showing the capabilities of both in terms of structures detected and leakage. The proposed methods were tested on real OCT data in different scenarios and showed promising results for their application in OCT imaging.},
   year = {2009}
}

@inproceedings{Schlott2009,
   author = {Schlott, Kerstin and Langejürgen, Jens and Bever, Marco and Koinzer, Stefan and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Time resolved detection of tissue denaturation during retinal photocoagulation},
   editor = {7373, Proc. SPIE},
   pages = {73730E-73730E},
   note = {10.1117/12.831877},
   abstract = {The retinal photocoagulation is an established treatment method for different retinal diseases. The extent of the thermal coagulations depends strongly on the generated temperature increase. Until now the dosage is based on a pool of experience of the treating physicians as well as the appearance of the whitish lesions on the retina. The temperature course during photocoagulation can be measured in real-time by optoacoustics. A frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YLF laser (523nm, 75 ns) is used for optoacoustic excitation and a continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser (532nm) with adjustable irradiation time and power for heating of the fundus tissue. The onset of coagulation is determined by a photodiode that is placed directly behind enucleated porcine eyes, which served as a model. The onset of coagulation is observed clearly when scattering sets in. The required power for coagulation increases exponentially with decreasing irradiation time. The first results on rabbit eyes in vivo indicate that the onset of coagulation defined by just barely visibile lesions at a slit lamp sets in at an ED50 threshold temperature of 63°C for an irradiation time of 400 ms. In conclusion, optoacoustics can be used to determine temperatures during retinal laser treatments in real-time. This allows evaluating the time-temperature-dependence of retinal coagulation in vivo.},
   keywords = {AutoPhoN},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.831877},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2009},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.168030}
}

@article{Bever2009,
   author = {Bever, M. and Schlott, K. and Ptaszynski, L. and Koinzer, S. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Automatische Dosimetrie bei der Laserphotokoagulation der Netzhaut},
   journal = {3. Dresdner Medizintechnik-Symposium mit DFG Forschungsschwerpunkt Protektive Beatmungskonzepte},
   volume = {10},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C. and Walter, A. and Prahs, P. and Regler, R. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Alt, C. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Structural changes of the retina after conventional laser photocoagulation and selective retina treatment (SRT) in spectral domain OCT},
   journal = {Curr Eye Res},
   volume = {34},
   number = {7},
   pages = {568-79},
   note = {Framme, Carsten
Walter, Andreas
Prahs, Philipp
Regler, Roman
Theisen-Kunde, Dirk
Alt, Clemens
Brinkmann, Ralf
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
England
Current eye research
Curr Eye Res. 2009 Jul;34(7):568-79.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients can deliver retinal cross-sectional images with high resolution. This may allow the evaluation of the extent of damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the neurosensory retina after laser treatment. This article aims to investigate the value of SD-OCT in comparing laser lesions produced by conventional laser photocoagulation and selective retina treatment (SRT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective study, conventional retinal laser (CRL) lesions and SRT laser lesions were evaluated with SD-OCT. One hundred seventy-five CRL lesions were investigated in 10 patients with diabetic maculopathy at timepoints between 1 hr and 4 years after treatment. Ninety-one SRT lesions were examined in 9 patients with central serous retinopathy, geographic atrophy, and diabetic maculopathy at timepoints between 1 hr and 2 years. CRL lesions were applied with an ophthalmoscopically slightly grayish-white appearance (Nd:YAG laser at 532-nm wavelength; power 100-200 mW; retinal spot diameter 100 microm; pulse duration 100 ms). SRT lesions were applied with a Nd:YLF (527 nm; pulse duration 200 ns [30 pulses at 100 Hz]; energy 100-200 microJ/pulse; retinal spot diameter 200 microm) and were visible only angiographically. RESULTS: All CRL lesions were characterized by high reflectivity in OCT images throughout the full thickness of the neurosensory tissue 1 hr after irradiation, suggesting complete neurosensory coagulation. Strong contraction through the full thickness of the neurosensory layers was observed within 7 days after treatment. In contrast, the neural retina appeared unaffected after SRT. For both lesion types, the RPE layer appeared to be regular or thinner immediately after treatment, whereas within a period of 4 weeks, a RPE thickening indicating RPE proliferation was observable. One year and later after treatment, CRL lesions were characterized by RPE atrophy combined with significant damage of the neurosensory tissue. SRT lesions aged one year and older revealed unaffected neurosensory structures and an intact RPE layer. CONCLUSION: Spectral domain OCT can be used clinically to follow the development of laser-induced lesions over time. Postoperative RPE proliferation was observed in both CRL and SRT laser lesions. RPE atrophy appeared subsequently only in CRL lesions, whereas the neurosensory retina appeared unaffected following SRT. These results suggest the selective effect of SRT in humans without causing adverse effects to the neurosensory retina.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Atrophy
Humans
Laser Coagulation/*adverse effects
Lasers, Solid-State/*adverse effects
Middle Aged
*Postoperative Complications
Retina/*pathology
Retinal Diseases/*diagnosis/*surgery
Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology
Retrospective Studies
*Tomography, Optical Coherence},
   year = {2009}
}

@article{Framme2009,
   author = {Framme, C. and Panagakis, G. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Effects on Choroidal Neovascularizations after Anti-VEGF Upload Using Intravitreal Ranibizumab as Determined by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   note = {Journal article
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Oct 29.},
   abstract = {Purpose: To image CNV structure before and after anti-VEGF treatment using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Material and methods: In 78 patients newly diagnosed CNVs (classic CNV: n=16; occult CNV: n=54; minimal classic CNV: n=8) due to AMD were imaged before and 4 weeks after anti-VEGF upload with 3 intravitreal injections of Ranibizumab. Qualitative (structural changes) and quantitative measurements (diameter and thickness) of the CNVs were obtained from the OCT images using the Heidelberg Eye Explorer software. Results: Classic CNV components were observed above the RPE/photoreceptor complex, whereas occult CNVs stayed below. Qualitatively, overall CNV architecture appeared to be unchanged in 78%, reduced in thickness in 18%, and became larger in 4%. Quantitatively, for all CNV subtypes the diameter of CNVs (preoperatively: 2813mum; postoperatively: 2804mum) did not change after treatment (classic CNVs: p=0.390; occult CNVs: p=0.405, minimal classic CNVs: p=0.092) independently of postoperative retinal edema. The overall thickness of the CNV; however, reduced from 205mum to 175mum (p=0,000). Thickness reduction was significantly enhanced especially in CNVs with classic components (n=24; 252mum to 197mum (p=0.000); reduction: 22%), whereas reduction was smaller but also significant in occult CNVs (183mum to 164mum (p=0.003); reduction: 10%). Conclusion: Using SD-OCT CNV size can be two-dimensionally determined and followed up after intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment. Quantitative measurements underlined stable CNV diameters for all subtypes but revealed significant reduction of thickness especially for classic CNV components. Thus, Ranibizumab monotherapy is able to morphologically stop further CNV growth but does not lead to a major regression of CNVs especially of its occult components.},
   ISSN = {1552-5783 (Electronic)
0146-0404 (Linking)},
   DOI = {iovs.09-4496 [pii]
10.1167/iovs.09-4496},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19875667},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Lachmann,
   author = {Lachmann, Kristina and Eckert, Sebastian and Vogel, Alfred and Klinger, Antje and Gebert, Andreas and Klages, Claus-Peter},
   title = {Development of a multifunctional coating system for laser-induced material transport},
   journal = {Progress in Organic Coatings},
   volume = {64},
   number = {2–3},
   pages = {294-299},
   abstract = {The aim of our research is to develop a novel surface coating for the use in laser microdissection and laser pressure catapulting (LMPC). LMPC is a contact- and contamination-free technique to separate histologic material and living cells for further proteomic and genomic analysis. Several physico-chemical functions must be included within the optimum coating system designed for this purpose, like optical absorption at the laser wavelength, combined with optical transparency in the visible region, a control of the laser ablation process, mechanical stability and biocompability for the adhesion of the histologic material. To achieve the optimum system the combination of several layers is required. The optical absorbance to capture the radiation energy from a frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser (? = 355 nm) is reached by a thin layer of zinc oxide (ZnO), deposited by hollow cathode gas flow sputtering. The laser ablation process is controlled by a polyelectrolyte multilayer, consisting of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS). The evaporation of chemisorbed water from the film is used to promote the catapulting process. For the mechanically stable, laser-dissectible layer organic coatings, like photoresists or lacquers, are suitable. Silica-containing polyacrylate nanocomposites were employed for this purpose. The investigation of the coating system included LMPC experiments with varying compositions of the layer system. The best results were obtained using a system consisting of ZnO, a polyelectrolyte multilayer deposited from 0.1 M Na2SO4 containing polymer solutions, and a 1.5-?m thick layer of the polyacrylate nanocomposite. To check the quality of the developed system, experiments with the commonly used poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) foil were performed simultaneously. In addition to the determination of the parameters required for LMPC, quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (rt-PCR) of the dissected material verified the benefit of the new system.},
   keywords = {Laser microdissection
Laser pressure catapulting
Polyelectrolyte multilayer
Laser ablation
Zinc oxide},
   year = {2009}
}

@inproceedings{Fritz2009,
   author = {Fritz, A and Ptaszynski, L and Stoehr, H and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Dynamic of laser induced transient microbubble clusters},
   editor = {(BiOS), Conference on Biomedical Optics},
   publisher = {Proc SPIE},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2009},
URL = { https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=ECBO-2009-7373_0D}
}

@inproceedings{Langejürgen2009,
   author = {Langejürgen, J and Schlott, K and Bever, M and Hausmann, K and Koinzer, S and Ptaszynski, L and Roider, J and Birngruber, R and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Dependence of optoacoustic transients on exciting laser parameters for real-time monitoring of retinal photocoagulation},
   pages = {73730K-73730K},
   note = {10.1117/12.831913},
   abstract = {The extent of retinal laser coagulations depends on the temperature increase at the fundus and the time of irradiation. Due to light scattering within the eye and variable fundus pigmentation the induced temperature increase and therefore the extent of the coagulations cannot be predicted solely from the laser parameters. We use optoacoustics to monitor the temperature rise in real-time in vivo (rabbit) and ex vivo (porcine eye) and to automatically control the coagulation strength. Continuous wave treatment laser radiation and pulsed probe laser light (1-1100 ns) are coupled into the same fibre and are imaged onto the retina by a laser slit lamp. The temperature dependent pressure waves are detected by an ultrasonic transducer embedded in a customary contact lens. Below the coagulation threshold the increase in acoustic amplitude due to thermal tissue expansion is up to 40 %. Best signal to noise ratios > 10 are achieved with probe pulse durations of 1 to 75 ns. Further a time critical algorithm is developed which automatically ceases laser treatment when a certain preset coagulation strength is achieved. Coagulations with similar extent are obtained with this method in vitro and in vivo even when varying the power of the treatment laser by 50 %. These preliminary results are very promising, thus this method might be suitable for an automatic feedback controlled photocoagulation with adjustable coagulation strength.},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.831913},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
Year = { 2009}
}

@article{Steven-2009,
   author = {Steven, Philipp and Müller, Maya and Koop, Norbert and Rose, Christian and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Comparison of Cornea Module and DermaInspect for noninvasive imaging of ocular surface pathologies},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {14},
   number = {6},
   pages = {064040-064040},
   note = {10.1117/1.3275475},
   abstract = {Minimally invasive imaging of ocular surface pathologies aims at securing clinical diagnosis without actual tissue probing. For this matter, confocal microscopy (Cornea Module) is in daily use in ophthalmic practice. Multiphoton microscopy is a new optical technique that enables high-resolution imaging and functional analysis of living tissues based on tissue autofluorescence. This study was set up to compare the potential of a multiphoton microscope (DermaInspect) to the Cornea Module. Ocular surface pathologies such as pterygia, papillomae, and nevi were investigated in vivo using the Cornea Module and imaged immediately after excision by DermaInspect. Two excitation wavelengths, fluorescence lifetime imaging and second-harmonic generation (SHG), were used to discriminate different tissue structures. Images were compared with the histopathological assessment of the samples. At wavelengths of 730nm, multiphoton microscopy exclusively revealed cellular structures. Collagen fibrils were specifically demonstrated by second-harmonic generation. Measurements of fluorescent lifetimes enabled the highly specific detection of goblet cells, erythrocytes, and nevus-cell clusters. At the settings used, DermaInspect reaches higher resolutions than the Cornea Module and obtains additional structural information. The parallel detection of multiphoton excited autofluorescence and confocal imaging could expand the possibilities of minimally invasive investigation of the ocular surface toward functional analysis at higher resolutions.},
   year = { 2009}
}

@article{Böhringer,
   author = {Böhringer, H. J. and Lankenau, E. and Stellmacher, F. and Reusche, E. and Huttmann, G. and Giese, A.},
   title = {Imaging of human brain tumor tissue by near-infrared laser coherence tomography},
   journal = {Acta Neurochir (Wien)},
   volume = {151},
   number = {5},
   pages = {507-17; discussion 517},
   note = {Bohringer, H J
Lankenau, E
Stellmacher, F
Reusche, E
Huttmann, G
Giese, A
Austria
Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009 May;151(5):507-17; discussion 517. Epub 2009 Apr 3.},
   abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Intraoperative detection of residual tumor remains an important challenge in surgery to treat gliomas. New developments in optical techniques offer non-invasive high-resolution imaging that may integrate well into the workflow of neurosurgical operations. Using an intracranial glioma model, we have recently shown that time domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows discrimination of normal brain, diffusely invaded brain tissue, and solid tumor. OCT imaging allowed acquisition of 2D and 3D data arrays for multiplanar analysis of the tumor to brain interface. In this study we have analyzed biopsy specimens of human brain tumors and we present the first feasibility study of intraoperative OCT and post-image acquisition processing for non-invasive imaging of the brain and brain tumor. METHODS: We used a Sirius 713 Tomograph with a superluminescence diode emitting light at a near infrared central wavelength of 1,310 nm and a coherence length of 15 microm. The light is passed through an optical mono mode fiber to a modified OCT adapter containing a lens system with a working distance of 10 cm and an integrated pilot laser. Navigation-registered tumor biopsies were imaged ex vivo and the intraoperative site of optical tissue analysis was registered by marker acquisition using a neuronavigation system. RESULTS: Optical coherence tomography non-contact measurements of brain and brain tumor tissue produced B-scan images of 4 mm in width and 1.5-2.0 mm in depth at an axial and lateral optical resolution of 15 microm. OCT imaging demonstrated a different microstructure and characteristic signal attenuation profiles of tumor versus normal brain. Post-image acquisition processing and automated detection of the tissue to air interface was used to realign A-scans to compensate for image distortions caused by pulse- and respiration-induced movements of the target volume. Realigned images allowed monitoring of intensity changes within the scan line and facilitated selection of areas for the averaging of A-scans and the calculation of attenuation coefficients for specific regions of interest. CONCLUSION: This feasibility study has demonstrated that OCT analysis of the tissue microstructure and light attenuation characteristics discriminate normal brain, areas of tumor infiltrated brain, solid tumor, and necrosis. The working distance of the OCT adapter and the A-scan acquisition rate conceptually allows integration of the OCT applicator into the optical path of the operating microscopes. This would allow a continuous analysis of the resection plain, providing optical tomography, thereby adding a third dimension to the microscopic view and information on the light attenuation characteristics of the tissue.},
   keywords = {Biopsy
Brain Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery
Feasibility Studies
Glioma/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery
Humans
Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods
Pilot Projects
Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods},
   year = {2009}
}

@article{Yao,
   author = {Yao, C and Qu, X. and Zhang, Z. and B., Yao and Hüttmann, G and Rahmanzadeh, R.},
   title = {Influence of Laser Parameters on Membrane Permeability with Nanoparticles and Targeted Antibody Transfection},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   volume = {14},
   pages = {054034},
   note = {Journal article},
   year = {2009}
}

@article{Freidank,
   author = {Freidank, S. and Linz, N.},
   title = {Mit der biomedizinischen Optik hoch hinaus - Lübecker Projekt zur Laserforschung auf der Zugspitze },
   journal = {Focus Uni Luebeck / Universität Lübeck},
   volume = {26},
   number = {1},
   pages = {16},
   year = {2009}
}

@article{Hüttmann2009,
   author = {Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Übersicht der apparativen Entwicklungen in der optischen Kohärenztomografie: von der Darstellung der Retina zur Unterstützung therapeutischer Eingriffe. Optical Coherence Tomography: from Retina Imaging to Intraoperative Use- a Review},
   journal = {Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde},
   volume = {226},
   number = {12},
   pages = {958},
   year = {2009}
}

@article{Kandelhardt,
   author = {Kandelhardt, S.R. and Leppert, J. and Kandelhardt, JW and Reusche, E. and Hüttmann, G and Giese, A.},
   title = {Multi-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy of brain-tumour tissue and analysis of cell density},
   journal = {Acta Neurochir },
   volume = {151},
   pages = {253-262},
   year = {2009}
}

@article{Tiede2009,
   author = {Tiede, S. and Koop, N. and Kloepper, J. E. and Fassler, R. and Paus, R.},
   title = {Nonviral in situ green fluorescent protein labeling and culture of primary, adult human hair follicle epithelial progenitor cells},
   journal = {Stem Cells},
   volume = {27},
   number = {11},
   pages = {2793-803},
   ISSN = {1066-5099},
   DOI = {10.1002/stem.213},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Just,
   author = {Just, T. and Lankenau, E and Hüttmann, G and Pau, H.W.},
   title = {Optical coherence tomography of the oval window niche.},
   journal = { J Laryngol Oto},
   volume = {1},
   pages = {1-6},
   year = {2009}
}

@article{Hüttmann2009,
   author = {Huttmann, G. and Lankenau, E. and Schulz-Wackerbarth, C. and Muller, M. and Steven, P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Optical Coherence Tomography: from Retina Imaging to Intraoperative Use - a Review},
   journal = {Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde},
   volume = {226},
   number = {12},
   pages = {958-964},
   note = {542VT
Times Cited:6
Cited References Count:48},
   abstract = {Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is new diagnostic procedure that has rapidly evolved in the last years. The recently developed spectral domain OCT allows one to increase the imaging speed by a hundred times compared to the first generation time domain OCT and enables three-dimensional imaging as well as real-time imaging of fast moving structures. Volumetric imaging improves the quantitative measurement of morphology and the evaluation of temporal changes. In addition, an exact correlation with images acquired with other imaging modalities is possible. Real-time imaging enables also the use of OCT during examinations with the slit-lamp and during ophthalmological surgery.
Methods: A spectral domain OCT was adapted to a slit lamp. 70 patients (91 eyes) were examined at the anterior or posterior segment of the eye. Images of healthy structures and different pathologies were compared to OCT images obtained with Stratus 3, Spectralis, and the SL-OCT. To demonstrate the feasibility of OCT during surgery, spectral domain OCT devices working with 20000 and 210000 A scans per second were coupled by specially developed optics to the camera port of a surgical microscope. The device was tested with phantoms and enucleated pig eyes.
Results and Conclusions: A5 kHz spectral domain OCT can image the retina during slit lamp-based indirect ophthalmoscopy with a quality similar to that of the Stratus 3. In addition, relevant structures of the anterior segment were imaged. Here, compared to commercially available devices, the imaged field was smaller and the angle of the anterior chamber was not directly visible due to the 830 nm wavelength, which had to be used for retinal imaging. Through the surgical microscope, a volumetric imaging of epithelium, Bowman's, Descemet's membranes, limbus, iris, lens, conjunctiva and sclera was demonstra-ted with several tens of centimetre working distance. Instruments and incisions in the cornea were visualised with 20 mu m precision. Real-time imaging and visualisation of volumetric OCT data were also demonstrated. In principle, all technical problems of an intraoperative use of OCT have been solved and a clinical trial will start in the near future. OCT has the potential to improve the precision of surgical interventions and may even enable new interventions.},
   keywords = {physiological optics
cornea
anatomy
in-vivo
ultrahigh-resolution
anterior segment
time-domain
blood-flow
eye
surgery
oct
cyclophotocoagulation
cornea},
   ISSN = {0023-2165},
   DOI = {DOI 10.1055/s-0028-1109939},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000273527800005},
   year = {2009},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Just,
   author = {Just, T. and Lankenau, E. and Hüttmann, G. and Pau, H. W.},
   title = {Optische Kohärenztomographie in der Mittelohrchirurgie},
   journal = {HNO},
   volume = {57},
   number = {5},
   pages = {421-427},
   abstract = {Die Anwendung der optischen Kohärenztomographie (OCT) in der Mittelohrchirurgie gilt als vielversprechendes Diagnostikum, insbesondere wenn es um die intraoperative Abklärung der Ursache einer Stapesfixation, die intraoperative Beurteilung der Stapesfußplatte bei Revisionsstapesplastik und zur Orientierung bei der Kochleaimplantation, vorwiegend bei Missbildungen, geht. Die OCT bildet Mittel- und Innenohrstrukturen präzise ab und ermöglicht, diese zur Therapiefestlegung zu nutzen. Aus den eigenen bisherigen Ex- und In-vivo-Untersuchungen mit einem OCT-System, das an ein Operationsmikroskop gekoppelt ist, lassen sich derzeit – unter Berücksichtigung der bislang publizierten experimentellen Arbeiten – potenzielle Anwendungsgebiete definieren: Darstellung der ovalen Fensternische bei Revisionsstapes- und rekonstruktiver Mittelohrchirurgie sowie bei der explorativen Tympanotomie zur Abklärung von Perilymphfisteln und Visualisierung von Strukturen des nicht eröffneten Innenohrs.},
   keywords = {Medizin},
   year = {2009}
}

@article{Just,
   author = {Just, T. and Lankenau, E and Hüttmann, G and Pau, H.W.},
   title = {Intra-operative application of optical coherence tomography with an operating microscope.},
   journal = {J Laryngol Otol},
   volume = {123},
   pages = {1027-1030},
   year = {2009}
}

@article{Miura2009,
   author = {Miura, Y. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Triamcinolone acetonide prevents oxidative stress-induced tight junction disruption of retinal pigment epithelial cells},
   journal = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
   volume = {247},
   number = {5},
   pages = {641-9},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
May; Epub 2009 Feb 3},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: Oxidative stress is known to disrupt the integrity of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tight junctions. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on the junctional integrity of RPE under oxidative stress and to identify the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Second passage porcine RPE cells were cultured on 6-well membrane inserts until 4 weeks after reaching confluence. Cells were incubated with TA (10(-5) M) for 30 min. FITC-containing medium was added to the upper chamber (cell's apical side). The cells were then challenged with 1 mM Hydrogen Peroxide (H(2)O(2)). After 5 h, the fluorescence intensity of the medium from lower chamber (cell's basolateral side) was measured using a fluorescence spectrofluorophotometer. This transepithelial flux of FITC-dextran was measured until the 21st day. The immunolocalization of occludin and F-actin was examined with fluorescence microscope. Reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio was determined by a colorimetric assay kit. RESULTS: Non-lethal oxidative stress by H(2)O(2) increased transepithelial flux of FITC-dextran significantly. TA inhibited this increase and preserved the lower flux through the whole experimental period. This permeability change by H(2)O(2) was reversible and recovered to the normal level within 3 weeks. In immunohistological study, H(2)O(2) reduced linear occludin staining at the cell border and increased actin stress fibers. TA prevented H(2)O(2)-induced disruption of junctional assembly of occludin and F-actin. Glutathione assay demonstrated that intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio decreased significantly with H(2)O(2), while TA preserved this ratio by up-regulating GSH synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: TA has a protective effect against oxidative stress-induced disruption of RPE tight junction by preserving cellular redox state.},
   year = {2009}
}

@article{Klein:08,
author = {Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Gesa Palte and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, fiber; Lasers, Raman; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Laser operation; Mode locking; Optical coherence tomography; Optical components; Raman fiber lasers; Semiconductor lasers},
number = {23},
pages = {2815--2817},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Raman-pumped Fourier-domain mode-locked laser: analysis of operation and application for optical coherence tomography},
volume = {33},
month = {Dec},
year = {2008},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-33-23-2815},
doi = {10.1364/OL.33.002815},
abstract = {We demonstrate a Raman-pumped Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) fiber laser and optical coherence tomography imaging with this source. The wavelength sweep range of only 30 nm centered around 1550 nm results in limited axial resolution, hence a nonbiological sample is imaged. An output power of 1.9 mW was achieved at a sweep rate of 66 kHz and a maximum ranging depth of ~2.5 cm. Roll-off characteristics are found to be similar to FDML lasers with semiconductor optical amplifiers as gain media. The application of Raman gain also enables unperturbed cavity ring-down experiments in FDML lasers for the first time, providing direct access to the photon lifetime in the laser cavity. Good agreement with nonswept cw operation is proof of the stationary operation of FDML lasers.},
}

@article{10.1167/iovs.08-2127,
    author = {Srinivasan, Vivek J. and Adler, Desmond C. and Chen, Yueli and Gorczynska, Iwona and Huber, Robert and Duker, Jay S. and Schuman, Joel S. and Fujimoto, James G.},
    title = "{Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Coherence Tomography for Three-Dimensional and En Face Imaging of the Retina and Optic Nerve Head}",
    journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
    volume = {49},
    number = {11},
    pages = {5103-5110},
    year = {2008},
    month = {11},
    abstract = "{  purpose. To demonstrate ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the retina and optic nerve head at 249,000 axial scans per second and a wavelength of 1060 nm. To investigate methods for visualization of the retina, choroid, and optic nerve using high-density sampling enabled by improved imaging speed.  methods. A swept-source OCT retinal imaging system operating at a speed of 249,000 axial scans per second was developed. Imaging of the retina, choroid, and optic nerve were performed. Display methods such as speckle reduction, slicing along arbitrary planes, en face visualization of reflectance from specific retinal layers, and image compounding were investigated.  results. High-definition and three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the normal retina and optic nerve head were performed. Increased light penetration at 1060 nm enabled improved visualization of the choroid, lamina cribrosa, and sclera. OCT fundus images and 3D visualizations were generated with higher pixel density and less motion artifacts than standard spectral/Fourier domain OCT. En face images enabled visualization of the porous structure of the lamina cribrosa, nerve fiber layer, choroid, photoreceptors, RPE, and capillaries of the inner retina.  conclusions. Ultrahigh-speed OCT imaging of the retina and optic nerve head at 249,000 axial scans per second is possible. The improvement of ∼5 to 10× in imaging speed over commercial spectral/Fourier domain OCT technology enables higher density raster scan protocols and improved performance of en face visualization methods. The combination of the longer wavelength and ultrahigh imaging speed enables excellent visualization of the choroid, sclera, and lamina cribrosa. }",
    issn = {1552-5783},
    doi = {10.1167/iovs.08-2127},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.08-2127},
    eprint = {https://arvojournals.org/arvo/content\_public/journal/iovs/932946/z7g01108005103.pdf},
}

@article{Biedermann:08,
author = {Benjamin R. Biedermann and Wolfgang Wieser and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Gesa Palte and Desmond C. Adler and Vivek J. Srinivasan and James G. Fujimoto and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Coherence imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Three-dimensional image acquisition; Lasers, tunable; Medical and biological imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Analog to digital converters; Interference; Laser sources; Medical imaging; Mode locking; Optical coherence tomography},
number = {21},
pages = {2556--2558},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Real time en face Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography with direct hardware frequency demodulation},
volume = {33},
month = {Nov},
year = {2008},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-33-21-2556},
doi = {10.1364/OL.33.002556},
abstract = {We demonstrate en face swept source optical coherence tomography (ss-OCT) without requiring a Fourier transformation step. The electronic optical coherence tomography (OCT) interference signal from a k-space linear Fourier domain mode-locked laser is mixed with an adjustable local oscillator, yielding the analytic reflectance signal from one image depth for each frequency sweep of the laser. Furthermore, a method for arbitrarily shaping the spectral intensity profile of the laser is presented, without requiring the step of numerical apodization. In combination, these two techniques enable sampling of the in-phase and quadrature signal with a slow analog-to-digital converter and allow for real-time display of en face projections even for highest axial scan rates. Image data generated with this technique is compared to en face images extracted from a three-dimensional OCT data set. This technique can allow for real-time visualization of arbitrarily oriented en face planes for the purpose of alignment, registration, or operator-guided survey scans while simultaneously maintaining the full capability of high-speed volumetric ss-OCT functionality.},
}

@article{Eigenwillig:08,
author = {Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Gesa Palte and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Three-dimensional image acquisition; Interferometry; Lasers, tunable; Medical and biological imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Image quality; Laser modes; Laser sources; Medical imaging; Mode locking; Swept lasers},
number = {12},
pages = {8916--8937},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {K-space linear Fourier domain mode locked laser and applications for optical coherence tomography},
volume = {16},
month = {Jun},
year = {2008},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-12-8916},
doi = {10.1364/OE.16.008916},
abstract = {We report on a Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) wavelength swept laser source with a highly linear time-frequency sweep characteristic and demonstrate OCT imaging without k-space resampling prior to Fourier transformation. A detailed theoretical framework is provided and different strategies how to determine the optimum drive waveform of the piezo-electrically actuated optical bandpass-filter in the FDML laser are discussed. An FDML laser with a relative optical frequency deviation $\Delta$$\nu$/$\nu$ smaller than 8{\textperiodcentered}10-5 over a 100 nm spectral bandwidth at 1300 nm is presented, enabling high resolution OCT over long ranging depths. Without numerical time-to-frequency resampling and without spectral apodization a sensitivity roll off of 4 dB over 2 mm, 12.5 dB over 4 mm and 26.5 dB over 1 cm at 3.5 {\textmu}s sweep duration and 106.6 dB maximum sensitivity at 9.2 mW average power is achieved. The axial resolution in air degrades from 14 to 21 {\textmu}m over 4 mm imaging depth. The compensation of unbalanced dispersion in the OCT sample arm by an adapted tuning characteristic of the source is demonstrated. Good stability of the system without feedback-control loops is observed over hours.},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{4571261,
  author={Eigenwillig, Christoph and Biedermann, Benjamin and Huber, Robert},
  booktitle={2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science}, 
  title={Optical coherence tomography imaging with k-space linear fourier domain mode locked lasers}, 
  year={2008},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-2},
  abstract={We report on a Fourier Domain Mode Locked wavelength swept laser source with a highly linear time-frequency sweep characteristic and demonstrate OCT imaging without k-space resampling prior to Fourier transformation with this source.},
  keywords={},
  doi={10.1109/CLEO.2008.4551011},
  ISSN={},
  month={May},}

@INPROCEEDINGS{4571888,
  author={Jirauschek, Christian and Eigenwillig, Christoph and Biedermann, Benjamin and Huber, Robert},
  booktitle={2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science}, 
  title={Fourier domain mode locking theory}, 
  year={2008},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-2},
  abstract={We present a theoretical model for the recently developed Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) lasers. The good agreement with experiment provides valuable insights into the mechanism of FDML operation.},
  keywords={},
  doi={10.1109/CLEO.2008.4551638},
  ISSN={},
  month={May},}

@article{ANDREWS2008441,
title = {High-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging of the living kidney},
journal = {Laboratory Investigation},
volume = {88},
number = {4},
pages = {441-449},
year = {2008},
issn = {0023-6837},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.2008.4},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023683722019158},
author = {Peter M Andrews and Yu Chen and Maristela L Onozato and Shu-Wei Huang and Desmond C Adler and Robert A Huber and James Jiang and Scott E Barry and Alex E Cable and James G Fujimoto},
keywords = {ischemia, kidney, optical coherence tomography (OCT), renal pathology, three-dimensional imaging, renal transplantation},
abstract = {Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a rapidly emerging imaging modality that can provide non-invasive, cross-sectional, high-resolution images of tissue morphology in situ and in real-time. In the present series of studies, we used a high-speed OCT imaging system equipped with a frequency-swept laser light source (1.3 μm wavelength) to study living kidneys in situ. Adult, male Munich–Wistar rats were anesthetized, a laparotomy was performed and the living kidneys were exposed for in situ observation. We observed the kidneys prior to, during and following exposure to renal ischemia induced by clamping the renal artery. The effects of intravenous mannitol infusion (1.0 ml of 25%) prior to and during renal ischemia were also studied. Finally, living kidneys were flushed with a renal preservation solution, excised and observed while being stored at 0–4°C. Three-dimensional OCT data sets enabled visualization of the morphology of the uriniferous tubules and the renal corpuscles. When renal ischemia was induced, OCT revealed dramatic shrinkage of tubular lumens due to swelling of the lining epithelium. Three-dimensional visualization and volumetric rendering software provided an accurate evaluation of volumetric changes in tubular lumens in response to renal ischemia. Observations of kidneys flushed with a renal preservation solution and stored at 0–4°C also revealed progressive and significant loss of tubular integrity over time. Intravenous infusion of mannitol solution resulted in thinning of the tubular walls and an increase in the tubular lumen diameters. Mannitol infusion also prevented the cell swelling that otherwise resulted in shrinkage of proximal tubule lumens during ischemia. We conclude that OCT represents an exciting new approach to visualize, in real-time, pathological changes in the living kidney in a non-invasive fashion. Possible clinical applications are discussed.}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.761850,
author = {Desmond C. Adler and Yu Chen and Robert Huber and Joseph Schmitt and James Connolly and James G. Fujimoto},
title = {{In vivo endomicroscopy using three-dimensional optical coherence tomography and Fourier domain mode locked lasers}},
volume = {6847},
booktitle = {Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine XII},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {684708},
abstract = {We report an endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) system based on a Fourier Domain Mode Locked
(FDML) laser, a novel data acquisition (DAQ) system with optical frequency clocking, and a high-speed spiralscanning
fiber probe. The system is capable of acquiring three-dimensional (3D) in vivo datasets at 100,000 axial
lines/s and 50 frames/s, enabled by the high sweep rates of the FDML laser and the efficient data processing of
the DAQ system. This high imaging rate allows densely-sampled 3D datasets to be acquired, giving a resolvable
feature size of 9 &mgr;m x 20 &mgr;m x 7 &mgr;m (transverse x longitudinal x axial, XYZ). In vivo 3D endomicroscopy is
demonstrated in the rabbit colon, where individual colonic crypts are clearly visualized and measured. With
further improvements in DAQ technology, the imaging speed will be scalable to the hundreds of thousands of
axial lines/s supported by FDML lasers.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, Endoscopic microscopy, Fourier Domain Mode Locked lasers, FDML, Three dimensional microscopy, In vivo microscopy, Biomedical optics, Swept source optical coherence tomography},
year = {2008},
doi = {10.1117/12.761850},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.761850}
}

@article{Bajraszewski:08,
author = {Tomasz Bajraszewski and Maciej Wojtkowski and Maciej Szkulmowski and Anna Szkulmowska and Robert Huber and Andrzej Kowalczyk},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Fabry-Perot; Image reconstruction techniques; Multiframe image processing ; Frequency combs; Medical imaging; Ophthalmic imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Swept sources; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {6},
pages = {4163--4176},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Improved spectral optical coherence tomography using optical frequency comb},
volume = {16},
month = {Mar},
year = {2008},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-6-4163},
doi = {10.1364/OE.16.004163},
abstract = {We identify and analyze factors influencing sensitivity drop-off in Spectral OCT and propose a system employing an Optical Frequency Comb (OFC) to verify this analysis. Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography using a method based on an optical frequency comb is demonstrated. Since the spectrum sampling function is determined by the comb rather than detector pixel distribution, this method allows to overcome limitations of high resolution Fourier-domain OCT techniques. Additionally, the presented technique also enables increased imaging range while preserving high axial resolution. High resolution cross-sectional images of biological samples obtained with the proposed technique are presented.},
}

@article{Adler:08,
author = {Desmond C. Adler and Shu-Wei Huang and Robert Huber and James G. Fujimoto},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Phase measurement; Lasers, tunable; Nanomaterials; Laser beams; Medical imaging; Multimode lasers; Optical Doppler tomography; Phase modulation; Single mode lasers},
number = {7},
pages = {4376--4393},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Photothermal detection of gold nanoparticles using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography},
volume = {16},
month = {Mar},
year = {2008},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-7-4376},
doi = {10.1364/OE.16.004376},
abstract = {The detection of a gold nanoparticle contrast agent is demonstrated using a photothermal modulation technique and phase sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT). A focused beam from a laser diode at 808 nm is modulated at frequencies of 500 Hz--60 kHz while irradiating a solution containing nanoshells. Because the nanoshells are designed to have a high absorption coefficient at 808 nm, the laser beam induces small-scale localized temperature oscillations at the modulation frequency. These temperature oscillations result in optical path length changes that are detected by a phase-sensitive, swept source OCT system. The OCT system uses a double-buffered Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser operating at a center wavelength of 1315 nm and a sweep rate of 240 kHz. High contrast is observed between phantoms containing nanoshells and phantoms without nanoshells. This technique represents a new method for detecting gold nanoparticle contrast agents with excellent signal-to-noise performance at high speeds using OCT.},
}

@article{Kandulla,
   author = {Kandulla, J and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Non invasive real-time temperature determination during laser treatments at the retina},
   journal = {Photonik international},
   volume = {2008/1},
   pages = {42-45},
   year = { 2008}
}

@misc{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C and Schüle, G and Kobuch, K and Flucke, B and Birngruber, R and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Investigation of Selective Retina Treatment (SRT) by Means of 8 ns Laser Pulses in a Rabbit Model},
   volume = {40},
   pages = {20-27},
   year = {2008}
}

@InProceedings{HU_2008_Adlera,
  Title                    = {{In vivo endomicroscopy using three-dimensional optical coherence tomography and {Fourier} domain mode locked lasers}},
  Author                   = {Adler, Desmond C. and Chen, Yu and Huber, Robert and Schmitt, Joseph and Connolly, James and Fujimoto, James G.},
  Booktitle                = {Biomedical Optics (BiOS) 2008},
  Year                     = {2008},
  Editor                   = {Izatt, Joseph A. and Fujimoto, James G. and Tuchin, Valery V.},
  Month                    = feb,
  Pages                    = {684708--684708--7},
  Publisher                = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},

  Doi                      = {10.1117/12.761850},
  Url                      = {http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1326810\&resultClick=1}
}

@misc{Qu,
   author = {Qu, X. and Wang, J. and Zhang, Z. and Koop, N. and Rahmanzadeh, R. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {Imaging of cancer cells by multiphoton microscopy using gold nanoparticles and fluorescent dyes},
   volume = {13},
   number = {3},
   pages = {031217},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
May-Jun},
   abstract = {Due to their unique optical properties, optical probes, including metal nanoparticles (NPs) and fluorescent dyes, are increasingly used as labeling tools in biological imaging. Using multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) at 750-nm excitation, we recorded intensity and FLIM images from gold NPs (30 nm) and the fluorescent dye Alexa 488 (A488) conjugated with monoclonal ACT-1 antibodies as well as Hoechst 33258 (H258) after incubation with the lymphoma cell line (Karpas-299). From the FLIM images, we can easily discriminate the imaging difference between cells and optical probes according to their distinct fluorescence lifetimes (cellular autofluorescence: 1 to 2 ns; gold NPs: <0.02 ns; A488: 3.5 ns; H258: 2.5 ns). The NP-ACT-1 and A488-ACT-1 conjugates were bound homogeneously on the surface of cells, whereas H258 stained the cell nucleus. We demonstrate that the emission intensity of gold NPs is about ten times stronger than that of the autofluorescence of Karpas-299 cells at the same excitation power. Compared with fluorescent dyes, stronger emission is also observed from gold NPs. Together with their high photostability, these observations suggest that gold NPs are a viable alternative to fluorescent dyes for cellular imaging and cancer diagnosis.},
   ISBN = {1083-3668 (Print)
1083-3668 (Linking)},
   year = {2008}
}

@incollection{Phillips,
   author = {Phillips, J. R. and Fischer, E. and Baron, M. and van den Dries, N. and Facchinelli, F. and Kutzer, M. and Rahmanzadeh, R. and Remus, D. and Bartels, D.},
   title = {Lindernia brevidens: a novel desiccation-tolerant vascular plant, endemic to ancient tropical rainforests},
   booktitle = {Plant J},
   volume = {54},
   edition = {2008/03/19},
   pages = {938-48},
   note = {Phillips, Jonathan R
Fischer, Eberhard
Baron, Miriam
van den Dries, Niels
Facchinelli, Fabio
Kutzer, Michael
Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin
Remus, Daniela
Bartels, Dorothea
England
Plant J. 2008 Jun;54(5):938-48. Epub 2008 Mar 13.},
   abstract = {A particular adaptation to survival under limited water availability has been realized in the desiccation-tolerant resurrection plants, which tend to grow in a habitat with seasonal rainfall and long dry periods. One of the best-studied examples is Craterostigma plantagineum. Here we report an unexpected finding: Lindernia brevidens, a close relative of C. plantagineum, exhibits desiccation tolerance, even though it is endemic to the montane rainforests of Tanzania and Kenya, where it never experiences seasonal dry periods. L. brevidens has been found exclusively in two fragments of the ancient Eastern Arc Mountains, which were protected from the devastating Pleistocene droughts by the stable Indian Ocean temperature. Analysis of the microhabitat reveals that L. brevidens is found in the same habitat as hygrophilous plant species, which further indicates that the plant never dries out completely. The objective of this investigation was to address whether C. plantagineum and L. brevidens have desiccation-related pathways in common, or whether L. brevidens has acquired novel pathways. A third, closely related, desiccation-sensitive species, Lindernia subracemosa, has been included for comparison. Mechanisms that confer cellular protection during extreme water loss are well conserved between C. plantagineum and L. brevidens, including the interconversion of 2-octulose to sucrose within the two desiccation-tolerant species. Furthermore, transcriptional control regions of desiccation-related genes belonging to the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein family are also highly conserved. We propose that L. brevidens is a neoendemic species that has retained desiccation tolerance through genome stability, despite tolerance being superfluous to environmental conditions.},
   keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological
Gene Expression Profiling
Genome, Plant
Lamiaceae/genetics/metabolism/ physiology
Sucrose/metabolism
Tropical Climate
Water},
   year = {2008}
}

@misc{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C and Roider, J and Brinkmann, R and Birngruber, R and Gabel, V-P},
   title = {Grundlagen und klinische Anwendung der Lasertherapie an der Netzhaut},
   volume = {225},
   number = {4},
   pages = {259-268},
   year = {2008}
}

@misc{Vogel2008,
   author = {Vogel, A. and Linz, N. and Freidank, S. and Paltauf, G.},
   title = {Femtosecond-laser-induced nanocavitation in water: implications for optical breakdown threshold and cell surgery},
   volume = {100},
   number = {3},
   pages = {23},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
Jan 25;:038102. Epub 2008 Jan},
   abstract = {We determined the bubble radius R_(max) for femtosecond optical breakdown in water at 347, 520, and 1040 nm with an unprecedented accuracy (+/-10 nm). At threshold, R_(max) was smaller than the diffraction-limited focus radius and ranged from 190 nm to 320 nm. The increase of R_(max) with laser energy E_(L) is slowest at 347 nm, providing optimum control of cell surgery. Experimental results agree with a model of bubble formation in heated and thermoelastically stretched liquids. Theory predicts a threshold temperature T_(th) approximately equal to 168 degrees C. For T>300 degrees C, a phase explosion sets in, and R_(max) increases rapidly with E_(L).},
   ISBN = {0031-9007 (Print)
0031-9007 (Linking)},
   year = {2008}
}

@article{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C. and Walter, A. and Prahs, P. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Comparison of threshold irradiances and online dosimetry for selective retina treatment (SRT) in patients treated with 200 nanoseconds and 1.7 microseconds laser pulses},
   journal = {Lasers Surg Med},
   volume = {40},
   number = {9},
   pages = {616-24},
   note = {Framme, Carsten
Walter, Andreas
Prahs, Philipp
Theisen-Kunde, Dirk
Brinkmann, Ralf
Clinical Trial
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Lasers Surg Med. 2008 Nov;40(9):616-24.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Selective retina therapy (SRT) solely affecting the RPE while sparing of the photoreceptors is usually performed with a train of repetitive laser pulses of 1.7 microseconds in duration. It was our purpose to evaluate the principle feasibility of SRT with shorter 200 nanoseconds laser pulses in patients. METHODS: Nineteen patients with macular disorders [diabetic maculopathy (DMP), geographic atrophy (GA), drusen maculopathy and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR)] were treated with a prototype of a SRT laser (Nd:YLF laser; 527 nm; 1.7 microseconds and 200 nanoseconds pulse duration; 30 pulses at 100 Hz; spot size: 200 microm). Test lesions (n = 175) with increasing energy were applied at the lower arcade to determine the individual angiographic and ophthalmoscopic threshold radiant exposures (therapeutic window) before applying the central treatment lesions within these ranges additionally guided by online optoacoustic measurements. Postoperatively RPE damage was visualized and confirmed by fluorescein angiographic leakage and correlated with optoacoustic results. Additionally ED(50) damage thresholds were calculated by probit analysis. RESULTS: None of the short repetitive 200 nanoseconds laser pulses led to retinal hemorrhages or retinal ruptures. Nearly all of the test- and treatment lesions could be visualized by angiography indicating desired RPE damage but were ophthalmoscopically invisible suggesting intact neurosensory retinal structures. ED(50) cell damage threshold energies were significantly lower using 200 nanoseconds (99.6 microJ; n = 122) instead of 1.7 microseconds (196.3 microJ; n = 53) laser pulses. Optoacoustic and angiographic visibility correlated in 83.7% (200 nanoseconds) and 87.5% (1.7 microseconds). CONCLUSIONS: Selective RPE effects can safely be achieved using shorter 200 nanoseconds laser pulses in patients without adverse effects to the neurosensory retina. The required pulse energy compared to the standard 1.7 microseconds regime was reduced by about a factor of 2 suggesting a reduced heat generation and flow into adjacent tissues during the shorter laser impact and thus possibly enhancing selectivity. Optoacoustics also seem to be a viable alternative in 200 nanoseconds treatment for a non-invasive online dosimetry control system.},
   keywords = {Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Cohort Studies
Feasibility Studies
Female
Humans
Laser Coagulation/ methods
Lasers, Semiconductor/ therapeutic use
Male
Middle Aged
Ophthalmoscopy
Radiometry
Retinal Diseases/pathology/radiography/ surgery
Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology/radiation effects/radiography},
   year = {2008}
}

@article{Framme2008,
   author = {Framme, C. and Sachs, H. G. and Kobuch, K. and Flucke, B. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Clinical evaluation of experimentally induced choroidal neovascularizations in Pigmented rabbits by subretinal injection of lipid hydroperoxide and consecutive preliminary photodynamic treatment with tookad},
   journal = {Ophthalmologica},
   volume = {222},
   number = {4},
   pages = {254-264},
   note = {338UZ
Times Cited:3
Cited References Count:27},
   abstract = {Purpose: Up to date several approaches have been undertaken to achieve an 'easy-to-handle' animal model of choroidal neovascularizations (CNVs) in rabbits; however, so far in none of the studies could healthy retinal tissue be maintained, which is mandatory to further investigate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) or anti-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor treatments. It was our aim to reevaluate and verify the method of inducing experimental CNVs in rabbits using subretinally injected linoleic acid hydroperoxicle (LHP) as proposed by Tamai et al. and to use it for experimental PDT. Material and Methods: In 33 eyes of Chinchilla breed rabbits LHP of two different concentrations (25 and 100 mu g/50 mu l) was injected into the subretinal space via a transvitreal approach under guidance of an operation microscope. Ophthalmoscopic and angiographic examinations were performed on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 after surgery. Preliminary PDT with different experimental parameter sets was performed in 3 eyes using the new photosensitizer Tookad. Results: Using LHP in the higher concentration, an angiographically determined CNV induction was observed in 27% of all injection sites (n = 34) on days 14 and 28 revealing early well-demarcated and progressive leakage. No CNV was detected at the lower LHP concentration (60 injection sites). Subretinal CNV was verified histologically revealing vessel formation above the retinal pigment epithelium level. Herein, a significant damage to the outer retinal layers was always observed; however, the general structure of the choriocapillary layer was maintained. Tookad PDT was clinically able to completely stop leakage in I case and reduce leakage in 2 cases. Histologically the choriocapillary layer was occluded. Conclusion: Subretinal injection of LHP induces angiographically well-demarcated classic CNVs in rabbits; however, the CNV rate was low, and histology revealed severe damage of the outer retinal layers but not of the choriocapillary layer, which is important for studying PDT interactions. Preliminary experimental PDT could clinically stop or reduce leakage from angiographic CNV. Due to the small CNV rate and the significant collateral retinal tissue damage, this model seems to be only of partial suitability for investigating new treatment modalities in CNV. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.},
   keywords = {age-related macular degeneration
animal model
choroidal neovascularization
retinal pigment epithelium
linoleic acid hydroperoxide
senile macular degeneration
bruchs membrane
ranibizumab
verteporfin
therapy
growth
model},
   ISSN = {0030-3755},
   DOI = {Doi 10.1159/000136903},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000258536200008},
   year = {2008},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Framme2008,
   author = {Framme, C. and Roider, J. and Brinkmann, R. and Birngruber, R. and Gabel, V. P.},
   title = {Basic principles and clinical application of retinal laser therapy},
   journal = {Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde},
   volume = {225},
   number = {4},
   pages = {259-268},
   note = {301AZ
Times Cited:3
Cited References Count:39},
   abstract = {The scientific background of laser photocoagulation of the ocular fundus was studied extensively by several investigators in the 1970 s and 1980 s. The basic principles were succesfully resolved during that time and clinical consequences for proper application of the laser photocoagulation for various diseases were deduced. The present paper gives an overview about the physical basics of laser-tissue interactions during and after retinal laser treatment and the particular laser strategies in the treatment of different retinal diseases. Thus, it addresses the issue of the impact on tissue of laser parameters as wavelength, spot size, pulse duration and laser power. Additionally, the different biological tissue reactions after laser treatment are presented, such as, e.g., for retinopexia or macular treatments as well as for diabetic retinopathies. Specific laser strategies such as the selective laser treatment of the RPE (SRT) or the transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) are presented and discussed.},
   keywords = {retina
anatomy
vitreous
subfoveal choroidal neovascularization
central vein occlusion
transpupillary thermotherapy
macular degeneration
pigment epithelium
photocoagulation
argon
trial
rpe
diseases},
   ISSN = {0023-2165},
   DOI = {DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1027202},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000255870100001},
   year = {2008},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Steven-2008,
   author = {Steven, Philip and Koop, Norbert and Huttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Confocal microscopy versus two-photon microscopy: imaging of ocular surface pathologies},
   editor = {Ammasi, Periasamy and Peter, T. C. So},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {6860},
   pages = {686023},
year = { 2008}
}

@inproceedings{Just-2008,
   author = {Just, T. and Lankenau, E. and Huettmann, G. and Pau, H.W.},
   title = {Optical coherence tomography as a guide for cochlear implant surgery},
   booktitle = {Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging},
   editor = {Nikiforos, K. and Bernard, C. and Haishan, Z.},
   publisher = {SPIE 6842},
   pages = {F1-F6},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.771446},
year = { 2008}

}

@article{Yao,
   author = {Yao, C. P. and Zhang, Z. X. and Rahmanzadeh, R. and Huettmann, G.},
   title = {Laser-based gene transfection and gene therapy},
   journal = {IEEE Trans Nanobioscience},
   volume = {7},
   number = {2},
   pages = {111-9},
   note = {Yao, C P
Zhang, Z X
Rahmanzadeh, R
Huettmann, G
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
United States
IEEE Trans Nanobioscience. 2008 Jun;7(2):111-9.},
   abstract = {The plasma membrane of mammalian cells can be transiently permeablized by optical means and exogenous materials or genes can be introduced into the cytoplasm of living cells. Until now, few mechanisms were exploited for the manipulation: laser is directly and tightly focused on the cells for optoinjection, laser-induced stress waves, photochemical internalization, and irradiation of selective cell targeting with light-absorbing particles. During the past few years, extensive progress and numerous breakthroughs have been made in this area of research. This review covers four different laser-assisted transfection techniques and their advantages and disadvantages. Universality towards various cell lines is possibly the main advantage of laser-assisted optoporation in comparison with presently existing methods of cell transfection.},
   keywords = {Cell Membrane/ radiation effects
DNA/ administration & dosage/ pharmacokinetics
Gene Therapy/ methods
Lasers
Transfection/ methods},
   year = {2008}
}

@misc{Sandeau,
   author = {Sandeau, J. and Caillibotte, G. and Kandulla, J. and Elsner, H. and Brinkmann, R and Birngruber, R. and Apiou-Sbirlea, G.},
   title = {Numerical Modelling of Conductive and Convective Heat Transfers in Retinal  Laser Applications},
   volume = {1},
   number = {1},
   pages = {43-52},
   year = {2008}
}

@article{Mueller2008,
   author = {Mueller, M. and Huettmann, G. and Koop, N. and Steven, P.},
   title = {Minimal-Invasive Imaging of Ocular Surface Pathologies - Confocal vs. Two-Photon Microscopy},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {49},
   number = {13},
   pages = {2258-2258},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/},
   year = {2008},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Garwe,
   author = {Garwe, F and Bauerschäfer, U and Csaki, A and Steinbrück, A and Ritter, K and Bochmann, A and Bergmann, J and Weise, A and Akimov, D and Maubach, G and König, K and Hüttmann, G and Paa, W and Popp, J and Fritzsche, W},
   title = {Optically controlled thermal management on the nanometer length scale},
   journal = {Nanotechnology},
   volume = {19},
   number = {5},
   pages = {055207},
   abstract = {The manipulation of polymers and biological molecules or the control of chemical reactions on a nanometer scale by means of laser pulses shows great promise for applications in modern nanotechnology, biotechnology, molecular medicine or chemistry. A controllable, parallel, highly efficient and very local heat conversion of the incident laser light into metal nanoparticles without ablation or fragmentation provides the means for a tool like a 'nanoreactor', a 'nanowelder', a 'nanocrystallizer' or a 'nanodesorber'. In this paper we explain theoretically and show experimentally the interaction of laser radiation with gold nanoparticles on a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layer (one-photon excitation) by means of different laser pulse lengths, wavelengths and pulse repetition rates. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report showing the possibility of highly local (in a 40 nm range) regulated heat insertion into the nanoparticle and its surroundings without ablation of the gold nanoparticles. In an earlier paper we showed that near-infrared femtosecond irradiation can cut labeled DNA sequences in metaphase chromosomes below the diffraction-limited spot size. Now, we use gold as well as silver-enhanced gold nanoparticles on DNA (also within chromosomes) as energy coupling objects for femtosecond laser irradiation with single-and two-photon excitation. We show the results of highly localized destruction effects on DNA that occur only nearby the nanoparticles.},
   year = {2008}
}

@misc{Koinzer,
   author = {Koinzer, S and Elsner, H and Klatt, C and Brinkmann, R and Birngruber, R and Roider, J},
   title = {Selective Retina Therapy (SRT) of chronic subfoveal fluid after surgery of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: three case reports},
   volume = {246},
   number = {10},
   pages = {1373-8},
   year = {2008}
}

@article{Neumann,
   author = {Neumann, J and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Self-limited growth of laser-induced vapor bubbles around single micro-absorbers},
   journal = {Appl  Phys Lett},
   volume = {93},
   pages = {033901},
   year = {2008}
}

@article{Ramrath,
   author = {Ramrath, L. and Moreno, G. and Mueller, H. and Bonin, T. and Huettmann, G. and Schweikard, A.},
   title = {Towards multi-directional OCT for speckle noise reduction},
   journal = {Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv},
   volume = {11},
   number = {Pt 1},
   pages = {815-23},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing},
   abstract = {Multi-directional optical coherence tomography (MD-OCT) applies and extends the concept of angular compounding for speckle noise reduction to the area of OCT imaging. OCT images are acquired from a wide range of angles of view. Averaging of the rotated images therefore requires compensation of the parallax which is achieved by simple image registration for image reconstruction. Test measurements of a sample structure in a low and highly scattering environment show that the method improves the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 4 and hence reduces speckle noise significantly. Experimental results also show that the proposed averaging increases the performance of common edge-detection algorithms.},
   year = {2008}
}

@article{Steven2008,
   author = {Steven, P. and Rupp, J. and Huttmann, G. and Koop, N. and Lensing, C. and Laqua, H. and Gebert, A.},
   title = {Experimental induction and three-dimensional two-photon imaging of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {49},
   number = {4},
   pages = {1512-7},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
Apr},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) is assumed to be a key location for the generation of adaptive immune mechanisms of the ocular surface, but functional studies of CALT are still lacking. The purpose of this study was to establish an animal model that enables functional analysis of immune mechanisms going on within CALT. In addition, the use of two-photon microscopy, a new optical method, was evaluated for examining complex immunologic interactions of CALT by volume (three-dimensional [3-D]) and time-dependence (four-dimensional [4-D]) in vivo. METHODS: The conjunctiva of female BALB/c mice was repeatedly challenged with topical Chlamydia trachomatis serovar C or a solution of ovalbumin and cholera toxin B. Two-photon microscopy was conducted on explanted, unfixed, and unstained eyes with adjacent nictitating membranes. RESULTS: After three to five stimulations, CALT was detected exclusively in the nictitating membrane of 73% (C. trachomatis) or 70% (ovalbumin/ cholera toxin) of the animals. CALT mainly consisted of CD45R/B220+ B cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Electron microscopy showed intraepithelial lymphocytes and follicles consisting of lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Two-photon microscopy based on tissue autofluorescence allowed all components of CALT to be detected three dimensionally. High-resolution images were generated in tissue depths of 65 microm below the mucosal surface. CONCLUSIONS: This study introduces a novel mouse model for functional investigations of CALT. Topical stimulation with C. trachomatis or ovalbumin/cholera toxin B reliably leads to CALT generation at the nictitating membrane. The use of two-photon microscopy enables groundbreaking 3-D and, in the future, intravital 4-D investigations of immunologic processes initiated in CALT.},
   year = { 2008}
}

@article{Kantelhardt,
   author = {Kantelhardt, S.R. and Diddens, H. and Leppert, J. and Rohde, V. and Hüttmann, G. and Giese, A.},
   title = {Multiphoton excited fluorescence microscopy of 5-ALA induced fluorescence in exprimental},
   journal = {Laser Surg Med},
   volume = {40
},
   number = {4},
   pages = {273-81},
   year = {2008}
}

@article{HU_2007_Adlera,
  Title                    = {Three-dimensional endomicroscopy using optical coherence tomography},
  Author                   = {Adler, Desmond C. and Chen, Yu and Huber, Robert and Schmitt, Joseph and Connolly, James and Fujimoto, James G.},
  Journal                  = {Nature Photonics},
  Year                     = {2007},
  Month                    = nov,
  Number                   = {12},
  Pages                    = {709--716},
  Volume                   = {1},
  Doi                      = {10.1038/nphoton.2007.228},
Timestamp                = {2014.11.20},
  ISSN                     = {1749-4885}
}

@article{Kranendonk:07,
author = {Laura A. Kranendonk and Xinliang An and Andrew W. Caswell and Randy E. Herold and Scott T. Sanders and Robert Huber and James G. Fujimoto and Yasuhiro Okura and Yasuhiro Urata},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Spectrometers and spectroscopic instrumentation; Lasers, tunable; Spectroscopy, fluorescence and luminescence; Absorption; Spectroscopy, diode lasers; Spectroscopy, infrared; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Laser modes; Laser sources; Laser spectroscopy; Molecular spectra; Optical coherence tomography},
number = {23},
pages = {15115--15128},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {High speed engine gas thermometry by Fourier-domain mode-locked laser absorption spectroscopy},
volume = {15},
month = {Nov},
year = {2007},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-23-15115},
doi = {10.1364/OE.15.015115},
abstract = {We present a novel method for low noise, high-speed, real-time spectroscopy to monitor molecular absorption spectra. The system is based on a rapidly swept, narrowband CW Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) laser source for spectral encoding in time and an optically time-multiplexed split-pulse data acquisition system for improved noise performance and sensitivity. An acquisition speed of $\sim$100 kHz, a spectral resolution better than 0.1 nm over a wavelength range of $\sim$1335--1373 nm and a relative noise level of $\sim$5 mOD ($\sim$1\% minimum detectable base-e absorbance) are achieved. The system is applied for crank-angle-resolved gas thermometry by H2O absorption spectroscopy in an engine motoring at 600 and 900 rpm with a precision of $\sim$1\%. Influences of various noise sources such as laser phase and intensity noise, trigger and synchronization jitter in the electronic detection system, and the accuracy of available H2O absorption databases are discussed.},
}

@article{Adler:07,
author = {Desmond C. Adler and Jens Stenger and Iwona Gorczynska and Henry Lie and Teri Hensick and Ron Spronk and Stephan Wolohojian and Narayan Khandekar and James Y. Jiang and Scott Barry and Alex E. Cable and Robert Huber and James G. Fujimoto},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Photography; Three-dimensional image acquisition; Optical inspection; Lasers, tunable; Three-dimensional microscopy; Digital photography; Fourier domain mode locking; Image processing; Speckle interferometry; Three dimensional imaging; Three dimensional measurement},
number = {24},
pages = {15972--15986},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Comparison of three-dimensional optical coherence tomography and high resolution photography for art conservation studies},
volume = {15},
month = {Nov},
year = {2007},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-24-15972},
doi = {10.1364/OE.15.015972},
abstract = {Gold punchwork and underdrawing in Renaissance panel paintings are analyzed using both three-dimensional swept source/Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) and high resolution digital photography. 3D-OCT can generate en face images with micrometer-scale resolutions at arbitrary sectioning depths, rejecting out-of-plane light by coherence gating. Therefore 3D-OCT is well suited for analyzing artwork where a surface layer obscures details of interest. 3D-OCT also enables cross-sectional imaging and quantitative measurement of 3D features such as punch depth, which is beneficial for analyzing the tools and techniques used to create works of art. High volumetric imaging speeds are enabled by the use of a Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser as the 3D-OCT light source. High resolution infrared (IR) digital photography is shown to be particularly useful for the analysis of underdrawing, where the materials used for the underdrawing and paint layers have significantly different IR absorption properties. In general, 3D-OCT provides a more flexible and comprehensive analysis of artwork than high resolution photography, but also requires more complex instrumentation and data analysis.},
}

@article{Huber:07,
author = {R. Huber and D. C. Adler and V. J. Srinivasan and J. G. Fujimoto},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Medical and biological imaging; Amplified spontaneous emission; Fourier domain mode locking; Image quality; Optical coherence tomography; Retina; Retina scanning},
number = {14},
pages = {2049--2051},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Fourier domain mode locking at 1050 nm for ultra-high-speed optical coherence tomography of the human retina at 236,000 axial scans per second},
volume = {32},
month = {Jul},
year = {2007},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-32-14-2049},
doi = {10.1364/OL.32.002049},
abstract = {A Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) laser at 1050 nm for ultra-high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the human retina is demonstrated. Achievable performance, physical limitations, design rules, and scaling principles for FDML operation and component choice in this wavelength range are discussed. The fiber-based FDML laser operates at a sweep rate of 236 kHz over a 63 nm tuning range, with 7 mW average output power. Ultra-high-speed retinal imaging is demonstrated at 236,000 axial scans per second. This represents a speed improvement of ~10{\texttimes} over typical high-speed OCT systems, paving the way for densely sampled volumetric data sets and new imaging protocols.},
}

@inproceedings{Huber:07,
author = {Robert Huber and Vivek J. Srinivasan and Desmond C. Adler and I. Gorczynska and James G. Fujimoto},
booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies},
journal = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies},
keywords = {General physics; General science; Fourier domain mode locking; Image quality; In vivo imaging; Laser sources; Ophthalmic imaging; Optical coherence tomography},
pages = {CThAA5},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML) in the non-zero dispersion regime: A laser for ultrahigh-speed retinal OCT imaging at 236kHz line rate},
year = {2007},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO-2007-CThAA5},
abstract = {Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML) in the 1070nm wavelength range is investigated. Problems, design rules and the performance of an FDML laser with a dispersive cavity are discussed. Retinal OCT imaging at 236kHz is demonstrated.},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{4452406,
  author={Adler, Desmond C. and Huber, Robert and Fujimoto, James G.},
  booktitle={2007 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)}, 
  title={Optical Coherence Tomography Phase Microscopy Using Buffered Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) Lasers at up to 370,000 Lines per Second}, 
  year={2007},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-2},
  abstract={Buffered FDML lasers are applied for phase-sensitive sub-nanometer OCT phase microscopy and dynamic surface displacement measurements at speeds up to 370,000 axial lines per second. Excellent phase stability is demonstrated at high speeds.},
  keywords={},
  doi={10.1109/CLEO.2007.4452406},
  ISSN={2160-9004},
  month={May},}

@article{Jenkins:07,
author = {M. W. Jenkins and D. C. Adler and M. Gargesha and R. Huber and F. Rothenberg and J. Belding and M. Watanabe and D. L. Wilson and J. G. Fujimoto and A. M. Rollins},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Three-dimensional image processing; Lasers; Medical and biological imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Developmental biology; Gated imaging; Imaging systems; Laser Doppler velocimetry; Laser modes; Mode locking},
number = {10},
pages = {6251--6267},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Ultrahigh-speed optical coherence tomography imaging and visualization of the embryonic avian heart using a buffered Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser},
volume = {15},
month = {May},
year = {2007},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-10-6251},
doi = {10.1364/OE.15.006251},
abstract = {The embryonic avian heart is an important model for studying cardiac developmental biology. The mechanisms that govern the development of a four-chambered heart from a peristaltic heart tube are largely unknown due in part to a lack of adequate imaging technology. Due to the small size and rapid motion of the living embryonic avian heart, an imaging system with high spatial and temporal resolution is required to study these models. Here, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system using a buffered Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser is applied for ultrahigh-speed non-invasive imaging of embryonic quail hearts at 100,000 axial scans per second. The high scan rate enables the acquisition of high temporal resolution 2D datasets (195 frames per second or 5.12 ms between frames) and 3D datasets (10 volumes per second). Spatio-temporal details of cardiac motion not resolvable using previous OCT technology are analyzed. Visualization and measurement techniques are developed to non-invasively observe and quantify cardiac motion throughout the brief period of systole (less than 50 msec) and diastole. This marks the first time that the preseptated embryonic avian heart has been imaged in 4D without the aid of gating and the first time it has been viewed in cross section during looping with extremely high temporal resolution, enabling the observation of morphological dynamics of the beating heart during systole.},
}

@article{Huang:07,
author = {Shu-Wei Huang and Aaron D. Aguirre and Robert A. Huber and Desmond C. Adler and James G. Fujimoto},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Medical and biological imaging; Confocal microscopy; Three-dimensional microscopy; Image quality; Laser sources; Mode locking; Optical delay lines; Swept sources; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {10},
pages = {6210--6217},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Swept source optical coherence microscopy using a Fourier domain mode-locked laser},
volume = {15},
month = {May},
year = {2007},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-10-6210},
doi = {10.1364/OE.15.006210},
abstract = {Swept source optical coherence microscopy (OCM) enables cellular resolution en face imaging as well as integration with optical coherence tomography (OCT) cross sectional imaging. A buffered Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) laser light source provides high speed, three dimensional imaging. Image resolutions of 1.6 $\mu$m {\texttimes} 8 $\mu$m (transverse {\texttimes} axial) with a 220 $\mu$m {\texttimes} 220 $\mu$m field of view and sensitivity higher than 98 dB are achieved. Three dimensional cellular imaging is demonstrated in vivo in the Xenopus laevis tadpole and ex vivo in the rat kidney and human colon.},
}

@article{Adler:07,
author = {Desmond C. Adler and Robert Huber and James G. Fujimoto},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Phase measurement; Lasers, tunable; Amplified spontaneous emission; Laser sources; Mode locking; Optical coherence tomography; Phase measurement; Swept lasers},
number = {6},
pages = {626--628},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography at up to 370,000 lines per second using buffered Fourier domain mode-locked lasers},
volume = {32},
month = {Mar},
year = {2007},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-32-6-626},
doi = {10.1364/OL.32.000626},
abstract = {Buffered Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers are demonstrated for dynamic phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) and 3D OCT phase microscopy. Systems are operated at sweep speeds of 42, 117, and 370 kHz, and displacement sensitivities of 39, 52, and 102 pm are achieved, respectively. Sensitivities are comparable to spectrometer-based OCT phase microscopy systems, but much faster acquisition speeds are possible. An additional factor of sqrt 2 improvement in noise performance is observed for differential phase measurements, which is important for Doppler OCT. Dynamic measurements of piezoelectric transducer motion and static 3D OCT phase microscopy are demonstrated. Buffered FDML lasers provide excellent displacement sensitivities at extremely high sweep speeds.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.704084,
author = {Robert A. Huber and Desmond C. Adler and Vivek J. Srinivasan and Iwona M Gorczynska and James G. Fujimoto},
title = {{Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers at 1050 nm and 202,000 sweeps per second for OCT retinal imaging}},
volume = {6429},
booktitle = {Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine XI},
editor = {James G. Fujimoto and Joseph A. Izatt and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {642907},
abstract = {Retinal imaging ranks amongst the most important clinical applications for optical coherence
tomography (OCT) [1, 2]. The recent demonstration of increased sensitivity [3-6] in Fourier
Domain detection [7, 8] has opened the way for dramatically higher imaging speeds, up to axial
scan rates of several tens of kilohertz. However, these imaging speeds are still not sufficient for
high density 3D datasets and a further increase to several hundreds of kilohertz is necessary. In
this paper we demonstrate a swept laser source at 1050 nm with a sweep rate of 202 kHz. The
laser source provides ~10 mW average output power, up to 60 nm total sweep range and a
sensitivity roll off of less than 10 dB over 4 mm. In vivo 2D and 3D imaging of the human retina
at a record axial scan rate of 101 kHz is demonstrated. These results suggest that swept source
OCT has the potential to significantly outperform spectral/Fourier domain OCT for ophthalmic
imaging applications in the future.},
keywords = {tunable laser, optical coherence tomography, Fourier domain mode locking, swept source, OCT, FDML, retinal imaging, ophthalmic imaging},
year = {2007},
doi = {10.1117/12.704084},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.704084}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.704128,
author = {Desmond C. Adler and Robert Huber and James G. Fujimoto},
title = {{Phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography using buffered Fourier domain mode-locked lasers at up to 370,000 scans per second}},
volume = {6429},
booktitle = {Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine XI},
editor = {James G. Fujimoto and Joseph A. Izatt and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {64291L},
abstract = {Phase sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to obtain sub-nanometer
displacement measurements of biological and non-biological samples. This technique has many
applications, including detection of small amplitude surface motion, and high axial resolution OCT
phase microscopy. Doppler OCT is another type of phase sensitive imaging, where differential
phase measurements are used to detect fluid flow in biological specimens. For all types of phase
sensitive OCT, a light source with low phase noise is required in order to provide good
displacement sensitivity. High speed imaging is also necessary in order to minimize motion artifacts
and enable the detection of fast transient events. In this manuscript, buffered Fourier Domain Mode
Locked (FDML) lasers are demonstrated for ultrahigh-speed phase sensitive OCT detection. The
lasers are operated at sweep speeds of 42, 117, and 370 kHz, and displacement sensitivities of 39,
52, and 102 pm are achieved, respectively. These displacement sensitivities are comparable to
spectrometer-based phase sensitive OCT systems, but acquisition speeds 1.4 - 13x faster are
possible using buffered FDML lasers. An additional factor of √2 improvement in noise performance
is observed for differential phase measurements, which has important implications for Doppler
OCT. Dynamic measurements of rapid, small-amplitude piezoelectric transducer motion are
demonstrated. In general, buffered FDML lasers provide excellent displacement sensitivities at
extremely high sweep speeds for phase sensitive OCT measurements.},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, OCT, optical coherence phase microscopy, swept source phase microscopy, doppler optical coherence tomography, frequency swept lasers, Fourier Domain Mode Locked lasers, FDML},
year = {2007},
doi = {10.1117/12.704128},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.704128}
}

@article{Srinivasan:07,
author = {V. J. Srinivasan and R. Huber and I. Gorczynska and J. G. Fujimoto and J. Y. Jiang and P. Reisen and A. E. Cable},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Medical and biological imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Retina scanning; Semiconductor lasers; Semiconductor optical amplifiers; Spontaneous emission; Tunable lasers},
number = {4},
pages = {361--363},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {High-speed, high-resolution optical coherence tomography retinal imaging with a frequency-swept laser at 850 nm},
volume = {32},
month = {Feb},
year = {2007},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-32-4-361},
doi = {10.1364/OL.32.000361},
abstract = {High-speed, high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the human retina is demonstrated using a frequency-swept laser at 850 nm. A compact external cavity semiconductor laser design, optimized for swept-source ophthalmic OCT, is described. The laser enables an effective 16 kHz sweep rate with \>10 mm coherence length and a tuning range of $\sim$35 nm full width at half-maximum, yielding an axial resolution of \<7 $\mu$m in tissue.},
}

@inbook{Vogel2007-5,
   author = {Vogel, A. and Noack, J. and Hüttmann, G. and Linz, N. and Freidank, S. and Paltauf, G.},
   title = {Chapter 18 Femtosecond laser nanosurgery of biological cells and tissues},
   booktitle = {Handai Nanophotonics},
   editor = {Hiroshi Masuhara, Satoshi Kawata and Fumio, Tokunaga},
   publisher = {Elsevier},
   volume = {Volume 3},
   pages = {273-286},
   year = { 2007}
}

@article{Neumann,
   author = {Neumann, J and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Nucleation dynamics around single microabsorbers in water heated by nanosecond irradiation},
   journal = {J Appl Phys},
   volume = {101},
   number = {114701},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Steven2007,
   author = {Steven, P. and Rupp, J. and Huettmann, G. and Koop, N. and Laqua, H.},
   title = {Two-Photon Real-Time Imaging of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT)},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {48},
   number = {13},
   pages = {201-201},
   abstract = {AbstractPurpose:: Immunological real-time analysis of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) is challenging at state. For the first time, two-photon microscopy, a new optical method, is evaluated in its use to analyze morphology and function of CALT. Methods:: Conjunctiva of female Balb/c mice is challenged with Chlamydia trachomatis serovar C (ChtC) or ovalbumin and choleratoxin subunit B (OVA/CTB) for CALT induction. A two-photon microscope equipped with a near infrared femtosecond-laser and a fluorescence-lifetime detector is used for ex-vivo analysis of unfixed and unstained ocular tissue with additional application of fluorescent microspheres to demonstrate transepithelial particle transport. Results:: Challenge with ChtC or OVA/CTB induce all CALT components (lymphoepithelium, follicles, blood and lymphatic vessels), that are demonstrated in cellular and subcellular resolution by means of autofluorescence imaging. Wavelength adaptation allows specific differentiation of cellular and acellular components. Fluorescence-lifetime detection permits differentiation of cellular subsets (e.g. lymphocytes and macrophages). Application of fluorescent microspheres demonstrates transepithelial particle transport and detection within intracellular vesicles. Conclusions:: Two-photonmicroscopy is an innovative optical technique to analyse morphological and functional features of CALT. Detection of transepithelial particle transport and its impact on conjunctival immunological processes can be visualized in real-time. Future in-vivo experiments with suitable animal models would allow detailed analysis of CALT in a clinical context e.g. corneal transplant rejection, keratoconjunctivitis sicca and follicular conjunctivitis.},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/},
   year = {2007},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inbook{Ramrath,
   author = {Ramrath, L; Hofmann, U; Huettmann, G; Moser, A and Schweikard, A},
   title = {Towards Automated OCT-based Identification of White Brain Matter},
   booktitle = {Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2007},
   editor = {Horsch, Alexander and Deserno, ThomasM and Handels, Heinz and Meinzer, Hans-Peter and Tolxdorff, Thomas},
   series = {Informatik aktuell},
   publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
   chapter = {83},
   pages = {414-418},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C. and Alt, C. and Schnell, S. and Sherwood, M. and Brinkmann, R. and Lin, C. P.},
   title = {Selective targeting of the retinal pigment epithelium in rabbit eyes with a scanning laser beam},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {48},
   number = {4},
   pages = {1782-92},
   note = {0146-0404 (Print)
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: Selective targeting of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with repetitive laser pulses that minimize thermal damage to the adjacent photoreceptors is a promising new therapeutic modality for RPE-related retinal diseases. The selectivity of an alternative, more versatile scanning approach was examined in vivo by using a broad range of scanning parameters. METHODS: Acousto-optic deflectors repeatedly scanned the focus of a continuous wave (cw)-laser across the retina of Dutch belted rabbits, producing microsecond irradiation at each RPE cell. Two irradiation patterns forming separated lines (SEP) or interlaced lines (INT), different dwell times (2.5-75 micros), and repetition numbers (10 and 100 scans with 100-Hz repetition rate) were tested. Thresholds were evaluated by fundus imaging and angiography. Histology was performed for selected parameters. RESULTS: Selective RPE cell damage was obtained with moderate laser power. The angiographic threshold power decreased with pulse duration, number of exposures, and applying the INT pattern. Ophthalmoscopic thresholds, indicating onset of thermal coagulation, were higher than twice the angiographic threshold for most tested parameters. Histology confirmed selective RPE cell damage for SEP irradiation with 7.5 and 15 micros; slower scan speeds or closed lines caused photoreceptor damage. CONCLUSIONS: A cw-laser scanner can be set up as a highly compact and versatile device. Selective RPE damage is feasible with dwell times up to 15 micros. Greatest selectivity is achieved with short exposure times and separated scan lines. Interlaced lines and long exposure times facilitate heat conduction into photoreceptors. A scanner is an attractive alternative for pulsed selective targeting, because both selective targeting and thermal photocoagulation can be realized.},
   keywords = {Animals
Eye Injuries/diagnosis
Fluorescein Angiography
Laser Coagulation/adverse effects/instrumentation/*methods
Ophthalmoscopy
Photoreceptors, Vertebrate/pathology
Pigment Epithelium of Eye/injuries/pathology/*surgery
Rabbits
Retina/injuries/pathology},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Brinkmann2007,
   author = {Brinkmann, R. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {[Selective Retina Therapy (SRT)]},
   journal = {Z Med Phys},
   volume = {17},
   number = {1},
   pages = {6-22},
   note = {Brinkmann, Ralf
Birngruber, Reginald
English Abstract
Review
Germany
Z Med Phys. 2007;17(1):6-22.},
   abstract = {Selective Retina Therapy (SRT) is a new and very gentle laser method developed at the Medical Laser Center Lubeck. It is currently investigated clinically in order to treat retinal disorders associated with a decreased function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). SRT is designed to selectively effect the RPE while sparing the neural retina and the photoreceptors as well as the chorioidea. Aim of the therapy is the rejuvenation of the RPE in the treated areas, which should ideally lead to a long term metabolic increase at the chorio-retinal junction. In contrast to conventional laser photocoagulation, which is associated with a complete thermal necrosis of the treated site, SRT completely retains full vision. This paper reviews the methods and mechanisms behind selective RPE effects and reports the first clinical results. An online dosimetry technique to visualize the ophthalmoscopically invisible effects is introduced.},
   keywords = {Humans
Laser Therapy
Pigment Epithelium of Eye/pathology
Regeneration
Retinal Diseases/pathology/surgery/ therapy},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Horneffer,
   author = {Horneffer, V. and Linz, N. and Vogel, A.},
   title = {Principles of laser-induced separation and transport of living cells},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   volume = {12},
   number = {5},
   pages = {054016},
   note = {Horneffer, Verena
Linz, Norbert
Vogel, Alfred
Evaluation Studies
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Biomed Opt. 2007 Sep-Oct;12(5):054016.},
   abstract = {Separation and transport of defined populations of living cells grown on a thin membrane can be achieved by laser microdissection (LMD) of the sample of interest, followed by a laser-induced forward transport process [laser pressure "catapulting" (LPC)] of the dissected cell cluster. We investigate the dynamics of LMD and LPC with focused and defocused UV-A laser pulses by means of time-resolved photography. Catapulting is driven by plasma formation when tightly focused pulses are used, and by confined thermal ablation at the bottom of the sample for defocused catapulting. With both modalities, the initial specimen velocity amounts to about 50 to 60 ms. Time-resolved photography of live cell catapulting reveals that in defocused catapulting, strong shear forces arise when the sample is accelerated out of the culture medium covering the cells. By contrast, pulses focused at the periphery of the specimen cause a fast rotational movement that minimizes the flow of culture medium parallel to the sample surface, and thus the resulting shear stresses. Therefore, the recultivation rate of catapulted cells is much higher when focused pulses are used. Compared to collateral damage by mechanical forces, side effects by heat and UV exposure of the cells play only a minor role.},
   keywords = {Animals
CHO Cells
Cell Separation/ methods
Cricetinae
Cricetulus
Microdissection/ methods
Optical Tweezers
Specimen Handling/ methods},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Theisen-Kunde,
   author = {Theisen-Kunde, D and Ott, V and Brinkmann, R and Keller, R},
   title = {Potential of a new cw 2µm laser scalpel for laparoscopic surgery},
   journal = {Med. Laser Appl.},
   volume = {22},
   number = {2},
   pages = {139-45},
   abstract = {Abstract
The potential of a new continuous-wave (cw) thulium–YAG laser for laparoscopic small intestine resection was investigated in pigs in comparison to standard bipolar scissors.

Method
A diode-pumped solid-state thulium–YAG laser system emitting at a wavelength of 2.01 µm was used. Laser power up to 25 W in cw mode was transmitted via a quartz fibre (400 µm core diameter). In order to resect 1 m of the small intestine, the accompanied mesentery was dissected with both devices in 12 pigs (six each group). Arteries and veins of 0.25–3.2 mm inner diameter were dissected in vivo and the resistance of the occluded vessels to pressures up to 375 mmHg was measured by an in vitro set-up. Samples were prepared for histological evaluation.

Results
With respect to intestine resection with bipolar scissors, bleeding occurred significantly less (25%) and dissection time was reduced by 19% using the 2 µm laser scalpel. With the 2 µm laser scalpel, small vessels (<0.5 mm) were successfully occluded up to 100% (arteries) and 89% (veins), larger vessels (1–2.3 mm) to 74% (arteries) and 65% (veins) in vivo. In the in vitro pressure measurement with 375 mmHg, 30% of veins and 35% of arteries stayed closed. In conclusion, the first experiments show that the 2 µm laser scalpel is a promising dissection device for minimally invasive surgery. 
Zusammenfassung
In einer vergleichenden Tierstudie wurde das Potential eines neuen cw Thulium–YAG-Lasersystems mit dem einer kommerziell erhältlichen bipolaren Schere zur laparoskopischen Resektion des Dünndarms verglichen.

Methode
Es wurde ein diodengepumptes Thulium–YAG-Festkörper-Lasersystem mit einer Emissionswellenlänge von 2,01 µm verwendet. Die Laserleistung betrug 25 W (Dauerstrich) und die Laserstrahlung wurde mittels einer Quarzglasfaser (Kerndurchmesser 400 µm) zum Applikationsort transmittiert. Zur Entnahme von 1 m Dünndarm wurde zunächst mit beiden Dissektionsgeräten das angrenzende Mesenterium an 12 Schweinen (6 je Instrument) durchtrennt. Zur Untersuchung der Hämostaseeigenschaften des 2 µm Laserskalpells wurden ausgewählte Arterien und Venen mit einem inneren Durchmesser von 0,25 bis 3,2 mm in vivo durchtrennt. In einer anschließenden in vitro Untersuchung wurde der Gefäßverschluss mit einem Druck von 375 mmHg überprüft. Zur histologischen Auswertung wurden Gewebeproben entnommen, mittels H&E gefärbt und lichtmikroskopisch untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Im Vergleich zur konventionellen bipolaren Schere konnte in der durchgeführten Studie die Anzahl der auftretenden Blutungen mit dem 2 µm Laserskalpell signifikant (25%) und die gesamte Resektionszeit um 19% (nicht signifikant) reduziert werden. Die Hämostase von Gefäßen, welche mittels des 2 µm Laserskalpells durchtrennt wurden, betrug bei Durchmessern <0.5 mm 100% bei den Arterien und 89% bei den Venen. Bei größeren Gefäßen (1–2.3 mm innerer Durchmesser) wurden 74% der Arterien und 65% der Venen dauerhaft in vivo koaguliert. Bei den in vitro Untersuchungen der koagulierten Gefäße mit einem Druck von 375 mmHg waren noch insgesamt 35% der Arterien und 30% der Venen verschlossen.

In dieser Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass das 2 µm Laserskalpell ein vielversprechendes Instrument für die laparoskopische Chirurgie darstellt.

Resúmen
En este estudio se investigó el potencial del nuevo láser cw thulium–YAG comparado al uso de la tijera bipolar estándar en intervenciones laparoscópicas en intestino delgado de cerdos.

Método
Se utilizó un láser thulium–YAG de estado sólido bombeado por diodos que emite en una longitud de onda de 2.01 µm. Una potencia láser de hasta 25 W de onda continua (cw) fue trasmitida a través de una fibra de cuarzo de 400 µm de diámetro. El mesenterio que acompaña al intestino delgado fue diseccionado utilizando uno de los dos sistemas en 12 cerdos (6 con cada instrumento). Se seccionaron in vivo, arterias y venas de 0.25 a 3.2 mm de diámetro interno y se midió in vitro la resistencia de los vasos ocluídos con una presión de hasta 375 mmHg. Las muestras fueron preparadas luego para evaluaciones histológicas.

Resultados
En la resección de intestino, el uso del bisturí láser de 2 µm ofrece menor sangrado (25%) y el reduce el tiempo de dissección en un 19% con respecto a las tijeras bipolares. Además, el uso del láser permite la oclusión in vivo de los pequeños vasos (diámetro menor a 0,5 mm) hasta en un 100% en arterias y un 89% en venas. Mientras que para las de mayor diámetro (de 1 a 2.3 mm) se obtuvo un 74% y 65%, respectivamente. En las mediciones in vitro de presión con 375 mmHg, un 30% de las venas y un 35% de las arterias permanecieron cerradas. En conclusión, estos primeros experimentos demuestran que el bisturí láser de 2 µm es una herramienta de disección prometedora para la cirugía laparoscópica. 

Keywords: Thulium laser; Minimally invasive; Vessel sealing; Laser scalpel
Schlüsselwörter: Thuliumlaser; Minimalinvasiv; Hämostase; Laserskalpell
Palabras clave: Thulium láser; Cirugía mínimamente invasiva; Oclusión de vasos; Bisturí láser},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Hüttmann2007,
   author = {Hüttmann, G. and Löning, M.},
   title = {Physikalische Grundlagen optischer Technologien},
   journal = {Der Gynäkologe},
   volume = {40},
   number = {5},
   pages = {332-337},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Quaden,
   author = {Quaden, R. and Klaws, G. R. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Lutter, G.},
   title = {Percutaneous aortic valve replacement: first endovascular resection of human aortic valves in situ},
   journal = {Eur J Cardiothorac Surg},
   volume = {31},
   number = {2},
   pages = {305},
   note = {1010-7940 (Print)
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Aortic Valve/*surgery
Endoscopy
Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/*methods
Humans
Laser Surgery/methods
Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive/*methods},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Löning,
   author = {Löning, M. and Lankenau, E. and Diddens, H. and Krokowski, M. and Diedrich, K. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Optische Kohärenztomographie in der Gynokologie},
   journal = {Der Gynäkologe},
   volume = {40},
   number = {5},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Rusanov2007,
   author = {Rusanov, V. and Paulsen, H. and Böttger, L. H. and Winkler, H. and Wolny, J. A. and Koop, N. and Dorn, Th. and Janiak, C. and Trautwein, A. X.},
   title = {Mössbauer, nuclear inelastic scattering and density functional studies on the second metastable state of Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O},
   journal = {Hyperfine Interactions},
   volume = {175},
   number = {1},
   pages = {141-150},
   abstract = {The structure of the light-induced metastable state SII of Na2[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O was investigated by transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy (TMS) in the temperature range between 85 and 135 K, nuclear inelastic scattering (NIS) at 98 K using synchrotron radiation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT and TMS results strongly support the view that the NO group in SII takes a side-on molecular orientation and, further, is dynamically displaced from one eclipsed, via a staggered, to a second eclipsed orientation. The population conditions for generating SII are optimal for measurements by TMS, yet they are modest for accumulating NIS spectra. Optimization of population conditions for NIS measurements is discussed and new NIS experiments on SII are proposed.},
   ISSN = {1572-9540},
   DOI = {10.1007/s10751-008-9598-8},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-008-9598-8},
   year = {2007},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Fritz2007,
   author = {Fritz, Andreas and Ptaszynski, Lars and Stoehr, Hardo and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Dynamics and detection of laser induced microbubbles in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)},
   volume = {6632},
   pages = {66321C-66321C-11},
   note = {10.1117/12.728344},
   abstract = {Selective Retina Treatment (SRT) is a new method to treat eye diseases associated with disorders of the RPE. Selective RPE cell damage is achieved by applying a train of 1.7 μs laser pulses at 527 nm. The treatment of retinal diseases as e.g. diabetic maculopathy (DMP), is currently investigated within clinical studies, however 200 ns pulse durations are under investigation. Transient micro bubbles in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are expected to be the origin of cell damage due to irradiation with laser pulses shorter than 50 μs. The bubbles emerge at the strongly absorbing RPE melanosomes. Cell membrane disruption caused by the transient associated volume increase is expected to be the origin of the angiographically observed RPE leakage. We investigate micro bubble formation and dynamics in porcine RPE using pulse durations of 150 ns. A laser interferometry system at 830 nm with the aim of an online dosimetry control for SRT was developed. Bubble formation was detected interferometrically and by fast flash photography. A correlation to cell damage observed with a vitality stain is found. A bubble detection algorithm is presented.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.728344},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@article{Vogel2007,
   author = {Vogel, A; Lorenz, K; Horneffer, V; Hüttmann, G; Von Smolinski, D and Gebert, A},
   title = {Mechanisms of laser-induced dissection and transport of histologic specimens},
   journal = {Biophys J},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.106.102277},
   pages = {4481-4500},
   ISSN = {0006-3495},
   year = {2007},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Kantelhardt,
   author = {Kantelhardt, S. R. and Leppert, J. and Krajewski, J. and Petkus, N. and Reusche, E. and Tronnier, V. M. and Huttmann, G. and Giese, A.},
   title = {Imaging of brain and brain tumor specimens by time-resolved multiphoton excitation microscopy ex vivo},
   journal = {Neuro Oncol},
   volume = {9},
   number = {2},
   pages = {103-12},
   note = {Kantelhardt, Sven R
Leppert, Jan
Krajewski, Jochen
Petkus, Nadine
Reusche, Erich
Tronnier, Volker M
Huttmann, Gereon
Giese, Alf
United States
Neuro Oncol. 2007 Apr;9(2):103-12. Epub 2007 Feb 26.},
   abstract = {Multiphoton excitation fluorescent microscopy is a laser-based technology that allows subcellular resolution of native tissues in situ. We have recently applied this technology to the structural and photochemical imaging of cultured glioma cells and experimental gliomas ex vivo. We demonstrated that high microanatomical definition of the tumor, invasion zone, and normal adjacent brain can be obtained down to single-cell resolution in unprocessed tissue blocks. In this study, we used multiphoton excitation and four-dimensional microscopy to generate fluorescence lifetime maps of the murine brain anatomy, experimental glioma tissue, and biopsy specimens of human glial tumors. In murine brain, cellular and noncellular elements of the normal anatomy were identified. Distinct excitation profiles and lifetimes of endogenous fluorophores were identified for specific brain regions. Intracranial grafts of human glioma cell lines in mouse brain were used to study the excitation profiles and fluorescence lifetimes of tumor cells and adjacent host brain. These studies demonstrated that normal brain and tumor could be distinguished on the basis of fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime profiles. Human brain specimens and brain tumor biopsies were also analyzed by multiphoton microscopy, which demonstrated distinct excitation and lifetime profiles in glioma specimens and tumor-adjacent brain. This study demonstrates that multiphoton excitation of autofluorescence can distinguish tumor tissue and normal brain based on the intensity and lifetime of fluorescence. Further technical developments in this technology may provide a means for in situ tissue analysis, which might be used to detect residual tumor at the resection edge.},
   keywords = {Animals
Brain/anatomy & histology/ pathology
Brain Neoplasms/ pathology
Disease Models, Animal
Glioma/pathology
Mice
Mice, Inbred Strains
Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton/instrumentation/ methods
Sensitivity and Specificity},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Kantelhardt,
   title        = {Imaging of brain and brain tumor specimens by time-resolved multiphoton excitation microscopy ex vivo},
   author       = {Kantelhardt, S. R. and Leppert, J. and Krajewski, J. and Petkus, N. and Reusche, E. and Tronnier, V. M. and Huttmann, G. and Giese, A.},
   year         = 2007,
   journal      = {Neuro Oncol},
   volume       = 9,
   number       = 2,
   pages        = {103--12},
   note         = {Kantelhardt, Sven R Leppert, Jan Krajewski, Jochen Petkus, Nadine Reusche, Erich Tronnier, Volker M Huttmann, Gereon Giese, Alf United States Neuro Oncol. 2007 Apr;9(2):103-12. Epub 2007 Feb 26.},
   abstract     = {Multiphoton excitation fluorescent microscopy is a laser-based technology that allows subcellular resolution of native tissues in situ. We have recently applied this technology to the structural and photochemical imaging of cultured glioma cells and experimental gliomas ex vivo. We demonstrated that high microanatomical definition of the tumor, invasion zone, and normal adjacent brain can be obtained down to single-cell resolution in unprocessed tissue blocks. In this study, we used multiphoton excitation and four-dimensional microscopy to generate fluorescence lifetime maps of the murine brain anatomy, experimental glioma tissue, and biopsy specimens of human glial tumors. In murine brain, cellular and noncellular elements of the normal anatomy were identified. Distinct excitation profiles and lifetimes of endogenous fluorophores were identified for specific brain regions. Intracranial grafts of human glioma cell lines in mouse brain were used to study the excitation profiles and fluorescence lifetimes of tumor cells and adjacent host brain. These studies demonstrated that normal brain and tumor could be distinguished on the basis of fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime profiles. Human brain specimens and brain tumor biopsies were also analyzed by multiphoton microscopy, which demonstrated distinct excitation and lifetime profiles in glioma specimens and tumor-adjacent brain. This study demonstrates that multiphoton excitation of autofluorescence can distinguish tumor tissue and normal brain based on the intensity and lifetime of fluorescence. Further technical developments in this technology may provide a means for in situ tissue analysis, which might be used to detect residual tumor at the resection edge.},
   keywords     = {Animals Brain/anatomy & histology/ pathology Brain Neoplasms/ pathology Disease Models, Animal Glioma/pathology Mice Mice, Inbred Strains Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton/instrumentation/ methods Sensitivity and Specificity}
}

@inbook{Vogel2007-2,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred and Noack, Joachim and Hüttman, Gereon and Paltauf, Günther},
   title = {Femtosecond Plasma-Mediated Nanosurgery of Cells and Tissues},
   booktitle = {Laser Ablation and Its Applications},
   editor = {Phipps, Claude},
   series = {Springer Series in Optical Sciences},
   publisher = {Springer US},
   volume = {129},
   chapter = {10},
   pages = {231-280},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Müller,
   author = {Müller, M. and Winter, C. and Hüttmann, G. and Lacqua, H. and Hoerauf, H.},
   title = {Evaluation of Cyclophotocoagulation Effects with 1310-nm Contact Optical Coherence Tomography},
   journal = {Curr Eye Res},
   volume = {32},
   pages = {171-176},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Die Selektive Retina Therapie (SRT)},
   journal = {Der Augenspiegel},
   volume = {53G1396},
   number = {11},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Hüttmann2007,
   author = {Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Der Weg in die Zukunft: In-vivo-Pathologie durch Laserscan-Mikroskopie},
   journal = {Der Gynäkologe},
   volume = {40},
   number = {5},
   pages = {372},
   year = {2007}
}

@inbook{Lankenau,
   author = {Lankenau, E. and Klinger, D. and Winter, C. and Malik, A. and Müller, H.H. and Oelckers, S. and Pau, H.W. and Just, T. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Combining Optical Coherence Tomographie (OCT) with an operating microscope},
   booktitle = {Medical Engineering},
   editor = {Buzug, T.M. and Holz, D. and Weber, S.  and Bongartz, J. and Kohl-Bareise, M. and Hartmann, U.},
   publisher = {Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York},
   pages = {pp 343-348},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{Rahmanzadeh,
   author = {Rahmanzadeh, R. and Huttmann, G. and Gerdes, J. and Scholzen, T.},
   title = {Chromophore-assisted light inactivation of pKi-67 leads to inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis},
   journal = {Cell Prolif},
   volume = {40},
   number = {3},
   pages = {422-30},
   note = {Rahmanzadeh, R
Huttmann, G
Gerdes, J
Scholzen, T
England
Cell Prolif. 2007 Jun;40(3):422-30.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Expression of the nuclear Ki-67 protein (pKi-67) is strongly associated with cell proliferation. For this reason, antibodies against this protein are widely used as prognostic tools for the assessment of cell proliferation in biopsies from cancer patients. Despite this broad application in histopathology, functional evidence for the physiological role of pKi-67 is still missing. Recently, we proposed a function of pKi-67 in the early steps of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis. Here, we have examined the involvement of pKi-67 in this process by photochemical inhibition using chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anti-pKi-67 antibodies were labelled with the fluorochrome fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate and were irradiated after binding to their target protein. RESULTS: Performing CALI in vitro on cell lysates led to specific cross-linking of pKi-67. Moreover, the upstream binding factor (UBF) necessary for rRNA transcription was also partly subjected to cross-link formation, indicating a close spatial proximity of UBF and pKi-67. CALI in living cells, using micro-injected antibody, caused a striking relocalization of UBF from foci within the nucleoli to spots located at the nucleolar rim or within the nucleoplasm. pKi-67-CALI resulted in dramatic inhibition of RNA polymerase I-dependent nucleolar rRNA synthesis, whereas RNA polymerase II-dependent nucleoplasmic RNA synthesis remained almost unaltered. CONCLUSIONS: Our data presented here argue for a crucial role of pKi-67 in RNA polymerase I-dependent nucleolar rRNA synthesis.},
   keywords = {Antibodies, Antinuclear
Antibodies, Monoclonal
Cell Division/physiology
Cell Nucleolus/physiology
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescent Dyes
HeLa Cells
Humans
Ki-67 Antigen/*genetics/*metabolism
Photochemistry
RNA Polymerase I/metabolism
RNA, Ribosomal/*biosynthesis},
   year = {2007}
}

@article{KRANENDONK2007783,
title = {Wavelength-agile H2O absorption spectrometer for thermometry of general combustion gases},
journal = {Proceedings of the Combustion Institute},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {783-790},
year = {2007},
issn = {1540-7489},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.003},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1540748906002665},
author = {Laura A. Kranendonk and Robert Huber and James G. Fujimoto and Scott T. Sanders},
keywords = {Thermometry, Wavelength-agile, Absorption spectroscopy},
abstract = {Using a novel Fourier-domain mode-locking (FDML) laser scanning 1330–1380nm, we have developed a gas thermometer based on absorption spectroscopy that is appropriate for combustion gases at essentially arbitrary conditions. The path-integrated measurements are particularly useful in homogeneous environments, and here we present measurements in a controlled piston engine and a shock tube. Engine measurements demonstrate a RMS temperature precision of ±3% at 1500K and 200kHz bandwidth; the precision is improved dramatically by averaging. Initial shock tube measurements place the absolute accuracy of the thermometer within ∼2% to 1000K. The sensor performs best when significant H2O vapor is present, but requires only XH2OL>0.07cm at 300K, XH2OL>0.25cm at 1000K, or XH2OL>1.25cm at 3000K for 2% accurate thermometry, assuming a 4kHz measurement bandwidth (200kHz scans with 50 averages). The sensor also provides H2O mole fraction and shows potential for monitoring gas pressure based on the broadening of spectral features. To aid in designing other sensors based on high-temperature, high-pressure H2O absorption spectroscopy, a database of measured spectra is included.}
}

@article{Brinkmann2007-1,
   author = {Brinkmann, R. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Selektive Retina-Therapie (SRT)},
   journal = {Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik},
   volume = {17(1)},
   number = {1},
   pages = {6-22},
   note = {276HP
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:42},
   abstract = {Selective Retina Therapy (SRT) is a new and very gentle laser method developed at the Medical Laser Center Lubeck. It is currently investigated clinically in order to treat retinal disorders associated with a decreased function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). SRT is designed to selectively effect the RPE while sparing the neural retina and the photoreceptors as well as the chorioidea. Aim of the therapy is the rejuvenation of the RPE in the treated areas, which should ideally lead to a long term metabolic increase at the chorio- retinal junction. In contrast to conventional laser photocoagulation, which is associated with a complete thermal necrosis of the treated site, SRT completely retains full vision. This paper reviews the methods and mechanisms behind selective RPE effects and reports the first clinical results. An online dosimetry technique to visualize the ophthalmoscopically invisible effects is introduced.},
   keywords = {selective cellular effects
optoacoustics
online dosimetry
rpe
mu s-laser pulses
macula oedema
rcs
pigment epithelium
diabetic maculopathy
laser irradiation
time regimen
damage
rpe
photocoagulation
absorption
mechanisms
radiation},
   ISSN = {0939-3889},
   DOI = {DOI 10.1016/j.zemedi.2006.11.002},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000254132200002},
   year = { 2007},
url = { https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17549989/},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inbook{Vogel2007-1,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred and Apitz, Ingo and Venugopalan, Vasan},
   title = {Phase transitions, material ejection, and plume dynamics in pulsed laser ablation of soft biological tissues},
   booktitle = {Oscillations, Waves and Interactions, T. Kurz, U. Parlitz, and U. Kaatze, eds.(Universitätsverlag Göttingen, Göttingen, 2007)},
   pages = {217-258},
   year = { 2007}
}

@inbook{Vogel2007-6,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred and Noack, Joachim and Hüttman, Gereon and Paltauf, Günther},
   title = {Femtosecond Plasma-Mediated Nanosurgery of Cells and Tissues
Laser Ablation and its Applications},
   editor = {Phipps, Claude},
   series = {Springer Series in Optical Sciences},
   publisher = {Springer Berlin / Heidelberg},
   volume = {129},
   pages = {231-280},
   keywords = {Physics and Astronomy},
   year = { 2007}
}

@inproceedings{Herrmann2007,
   author = {Herrmann, Katharina and Flöhr, Christian and Stalljohann, Jens and Apiou-Sbirlea, Gabriela and Kandulla, Jochen and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Influence of choroidal perfusion on retinal temperature increase during retinal laser treatments},
   volume = {6632},
   pages = {66321D-66321D-7},
   note = {10.1117/12.728222},
   abstract = {In most retinal laser treatments the therapeutic effect is initiated by a transient temperature increase at and around the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Especially in long exposure time treatments like Transpupillary Thermotherapy (TTT) choroidal perfusion has a strong influence on the realized temperature at the fundus. The fundus blood circulation and therefore the heat dissipation is influenced by the intraocular pressure (IOP), which is investigated in the study presented here. In order to reduce the choroidal perfusion, the IOP is increased by injection of physiological saline solution into the eye of anaesthetized rabbits. The fundus is irradiated with 3.64 W/cm2 by means of a TTT-laser (λ = 810 nm) for t = 20 s causing a retinal temperature increase. Realtime temperature determination at the irradiated spot is achieved by a non invasive optoacoustic technique. Perfusion can be reduced by increasing IOP, which leads to different temperature increases when irradiating the retina. This should be considered for long time laser treatments.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.728222},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2007}
}

@inproceedings{Stoehr2007-1,
   author = {Stoehr, Hardo and Ptaszynski, Lars and Fritz, Andreas and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Interferometric optical online dosimetry for selective retina treatment (SRT)},
   volume = {6426},
   pages = {642619-642619-7},
   note = {10.1117/12.708521},
   abstract = {In selective retina treatment (SRT) spatial confined tissue damage in the absorbing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is obtained by applying microsecond laser pulses. The damage in the RPE is caused by transient microbubbles forming around the laser heated melanin granules inside the cells. For treatment of RPE related diseases, SRT is thought to share the therapeutic benefits of conventional photocoagulation but without affecting the photoreceptors. A drawback for effective clinical SRT is that the laser-induced lesions are ophthalmoscopically invisible. Therefore, a real-time feedback system for dosimetry is demanded in order to avoid undertreatment or unwanted collateral damage to the adjacent tissue. We develop a dosimetry system which uses optical interferometry for the detection of the transient microbubbles. The system is based on an optical fiber interferometer which is operated with a laser diode at 830nm. We present current results obtained with porcine RPE explants in vitro and complete porcine eye globes ex vivo.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.708521},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
Year = { 2007}
}

@inbook{Vogel2007,
   author = {Vogel, A and Noack, J. and Hüttmann, G. and Paltauf, G.},
   title = {Mechanisms of femtosecond laser nanoprocessing of biological cells and tissues},
   booktitle = {The Eigth International Conference on Laser Ablation (COLA 2005)},
   editor = {Herman, P. and Hess, W .},
   series = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
   volume = {59},
   pages = {249-254},
   year = { 2007}
}

@article{Vogel2007-7,
   author = {Vogel, A. and Lorenz, K. and Horneffer, V. and Hüttmann, G. and von Smolinski, D. and Gebert, A.},
   title = {Mechanisms of laser-induced dissection and transport of histologic specimens.},
   journal = {Biophys J},
   volume = {93},
   pages = {4481-4500},
   year = { 2007},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.106.102277}
}

@inproceedings{Qu2007,
   author = {Qu, Xiaochao and Norbert, Koop and Li, Zheng and Wang, Jing and Zhang, Zhenxi and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging of Karpas 299 cells using ACT1 antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles},
   volume = {6630},
   pages = {66301C-66301C-8},
   note = {10.1117/12.728239},
   abstract = {Due to the unique optical properties, gold nanoparticles (NPs) can play a useful role in biological cellular imaging as biological probes. Using multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) system, we recorded the images of Karpas 299 cells incubated without, or with gold NPs, and ACT1 antibodies conjugated with gold NPs. From the FLIM, we can easily discriminate the difference among different experiment conditions due to the distinct lifetime between cells and gold NPs. Our results present that nonconjugated gold NPs are accumulated inside cells, but conjugated gold NPs bind homogeneously and specifically to the surface of cancer cells. For single Karpas 299 cells, the signal is very week when the excitation power is about 10mw; while the power is approximately 28 mw, a very sharp cell imaging can be obtained. For the Karpas 299 incubated with ACT1 conjugated gold NPs, while the excitation power is 10mw, gold NPs have clear fluorescence signal so that the profile of cells can be detected; Signal of gold NPs is very strong when the power arrived in 20mw. These results suggest that the multiphoton lifetime imaging of antibody conjugated gold NPs can support a useful method in diagnosis of cancer.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.728239},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2007}
}

@article{Kandulla,
   author = {Kandulla, J and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Nicht-invasive Echtzeit-Temperaturbestimmung während Laserbehandlungen an der Netzhaut des Auges},
   journal = {Photonik},
   URL = { https://www.photonik.de/technologie-applikation/158/21005/22},
   pages = {42-46},
   year = { 2007}
}

@article{Brinkmann2007,
   author = {Brinkmann, R and Stalljohann, J and Weber, B  and Schlott, K and Kandulla, J and Birngruber, R},
   title = {Retinal Temperature Determination During Laser Photocoagulation},
   journal = {Proc SPIE},
   volume = {6632},
   pages = {8},
   year = { 2007},
   type = {Proceeding}
}

@inproceedings{Schlott2007,
   author = {Schlott, Kerstin and Stalljohann, Jens and Weber, Benjamin and Kandulla, Jochen and Herrmann, Katharina and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Optoacoustic online temperature determination during retinal laser photocoagulation},
   volume = {6632},
   pages = {66321B-66321B-8},
   note = {10.1117/12.728291},
   abstract = {Retinal photocoagulation is an established treatment of different retinal diseases. The treatment relies on a short, local heating of the tissue which induces a denaturation. The resulting scar formation may for example prevent the further detachment of the retina. The extent of the coagulation is besides other parameters mostly dependent on the induced temperature increase. However, until today a temperature based dosimetry for photocoagulation does not exist. The dosage is rather based on the experience of the treating physicians to achieve visible whitish lesions on the retina. In this work a technique is presented, which allows an online temperature monitoring during photocoagulation. If an absorbing material is irradiated with short laser pulses, a thermoelastic expansion of the absorber induces an acoustic wave. Its amplitude is dependent on the temperature of the absorber. For analyzing the applicability of the optoacoustic temperature determination for dosimetry, measurements were performed on enucleated porcine eye globes. The pressure transients are detected by an ultrasonic transducer, which is embedded in an ophthalmologic contact lens. As long as no strong lesions occur, the determined temperatures are almost proportional to the power of the treatment laser. Using a spot diameter of 200 μm and different laser powers, the temperature rise at the end of the 400 ms irradiation was found to be approximately 0.16 °C/mW. The onset of the denaturation was observed around 50°C. The far aim of this project is an automatic regulation of the treatment laser onto a desired temperature course.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.728291},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2007}
}

@inproceedings{Theisen-Kunde2007,
   author = {Theisen-Kunde, D and Tedsen, S and Danicke, V and Herrmann, K and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Partial kidney resection by use of a 1,94 µm thulium fiber laser},
   booktitle = {Proc ECBO},
   series = {Therapeutic Laser Applications and Laser-Tissue Interactions},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {6632},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2007},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68764-1_72}
}

@inbook{Vogel2007-4,
   author = {Vogel, A and Horneffer, V. and Lorenz, B. and Linz, N. and Freidank, S. and Hüttmann, G. and Gebert, A.},
   title = {Principles of laser microdissection and catapulting of histologic specimens and live cells},
   booktitle = {Laser Manipulation of Cells and Tissues, Methods in Cell Biology},
   editor = {Berns, M.  and Greulich, K.O.},
   publisher = {Academic Press Elsevier},
   address = {San Diego},
   volume = {82},
   pages = {153-205},
   year = { 2007}
}

@article{Huber:06,
author = {Robert Huber and Desmond C. Adler and James G. Fujimoto},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Amplified spontaneous emission; Fourier domain mode locking; Image quality; Laser sources; Optical coherence tomography; Swept sources},
number = {20},
pages = {2975--2977},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Buffered Fourier domain mode locking: unidirectional swept laser sources for optical coherence tomography imaging at 370,000 lines/s},
volume = {31},
month = {Oct},
year = {2006},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-31-20-2975},
doi = {10.1364/OL.31.002975},
abstract = {We describe buffered Fourier domain mode locking (FDML), a technique for tailoring the output and multiplying the sweep rate of FDML lasers. Buffered FDML can be used to create unidirectional wavelength sweeps from the normal bidirectional sweeps in an FDML laser without sacrificing sweep rate. We also investigate the role of the laser source in dynamic range versus sensitivity performance in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Unidirectional sweep rates of 370 kHz over a 100 nm range at a center wavelength of 1300 nm are achieved. High-speed, swept-source OCT is demonstrated at record speeds of up to 370,000 axial scans per second.},
}

@article{LENZ2006255,
title = {First Steps of Retinal Photoisomerization in Proteorhodopsin},
journal = {Biophysical Journal},
volume = {91},
number = {1},
pages = {255-262},
year = {2006},
issn = {0006-3495},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.105.074690},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006349506717258},
author = {Martin O. Lenz and Robert Huber and Bernhard Schmidt and Peter Gilch and Rolf Kalmbach and Martin Engelhard and Josef Wachtveitl},
abstract = {The early steps (<1ns) in the photocycle of the detergent solubilized proton pump proteorhodopsin are analyzed by ultrafast spectroscopic techniques. A comparison to the first primary events in reconstituted proteorhodopsin as well as to the well known archaeal proton pump bacteriorhodopsin is given. A dynamic Stokes shift observed in fs-time-resolved fluorescence experiments allows a direct observation of early motions on the excited state potential energy surface. The initial dynamics is dominated by sequentially emerging stretching (<150fs) and torsional (∼300fs) modes of the retinal. The different protonation states of the primary proton acceptor Asp-97 drastically affect the reaction rate and the overall quantum efficiencies of the isomerization reactions, mainly evidenced for time scales above 1ps. However, no major influence on the fast time scales (∼150fs) could be seen, indicating that the movement out of the Franck-Condon region is fairly robust to electrostatic changes in the retinal binding pocket. Based on fs-time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectra, ground and exited state contributions can be disentangled and allow to construct a reaction model that consistently explains pH-dependent effects in solubilized and reconstituted proteorhodopsin.}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{4627914,
  author={Huber, R. and Wojtkowski, M. and Fujimoto, J. G.},
  booktitle={2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference}, 
  title={Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML): Three-dimensional OCT imaging at 906 frames per second}, 
  year={2006},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-2},
  abstract={Fourier domain mode locking is a new operation regime of lasers. Highly chirped frequency swept waveforms rather than short pulses are generated. The mechanism and its application for ultrahigh-speed biomedical OCT imaging are discussed.},
  keywords={},
  doi={10.1109/CLEO.2006.4627914},
  ISSN={2160-9004},
  month={May},}

@article{Huber:06,
author = {R. Huber and M. Wojtkowski and J. G. Fujimoto},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Frequency modulated lasers; Full field optical coherence tomography; Laser operation; Light fields; Medical imaging; Mode locking},
number = {8},
pages = {3225--3237},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML): A new laser operating regime and applications for optical coherence tomography},
volume = {14},
month = {Apr},
year = {2006},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-14-8-3225},
doi = {10.1364/OE.14.003225},
abstract = {We demonstrate a new technique for frequency-swept laser operation--Fourier domain mode locking (FDML)--and its application for swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. FDML is analogous to active laser mode locking for short pulse generation, except that the spectrum rather than the amplitude of the light field is modulated. High-speed, narrowband optical frequency sweeps are generated with a repetition period equal to the fundamental or a harmonic of cavity round-trip time. An FDML laser is constructed using a long fiber ring cavity, a semiconductor optical amplifier, and a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter. Effective sweep rates of up to 290 kHz are demonstrated with a 105 nm tuning range at 1300 nm center wavelength. The average output power is 3 mW directly from the laser and 20 mW after post-amplification. Using the FDML laser for swept-source OCT, sensitivities of 108 dB are achieved and dynamic linewidths are narrow enough to enable imaging over a 7 mm depth with only a 7.5 dB decrease in sensitivity. We demonstrate swept-source OCT imaging with acquisition rates of up to 232,000 axial scans per second. This corresponds to 906 frames/second with 256 transverse pixel images, and 3.5 volumes/second with a 256{\texttimes}128{\texttimes}256 voxel element 3-D OCT data set. The FDML laser is ideal for swept-source OCT imaging, thus enabling high imaging speeds and large imaging depths.},
}

@TechReport{HU_2006_Kranendonk_a,
  Title                    = {{Measurements of Gas Temperature in a HCCI Engine Using a Fourier Domain Mode Locking Laser}},
  Author                   = {Kranendonk, Laura A and Walewski, Joachim W and Sanders, Scott T and Huber, Robert and Fujimoto, James G},
  Year                     = {2006},
  Month                    = apr,
  pages  = {1366 1--5},
  Doi                      = {10.4271/2006-01-1366},
keywords = {AG-Huber_FDML, AG-Huber_OCT},
  Url                      = {http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1366}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.648880,
author = {R. Huber and K. Taira and M. Wojtkowski and J. G. Fujimoto},
title = {{Fourier domain mode-locked lasers for swept source OCT imaging at up to 290 kHz scan rates}},
volume = {6079},
booktitle = {Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine X},
editor = {Valery V. Tuchin and Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {60790U},
abstract = {A new type of laser operation, Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML), is demonstrated for high performance, frequency swept light sources.  FDML achieves superior sweep speeds, coherence lengths and bandwidths compared to standard bulk or fiber lasers.  At 1300 nm a sweep range up to 145 nm, up to 4 cm delay length, and sweep rates up to 290 kHz were achieved.  This light source is demonstrated for swept source OCT imaging.},
keywords = {Fourier Domain Mode Locking, swept laser, tunable laser, wavelength agile, optical coherence tomography, spectral domain, Fourier domain, fiber laser},
year = {2006},
doi = {10.1117/12.648880},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.648880}
}

@inproceedings{Kranendonk:06,
author = {Laura A. Kranendonk and Joachim W. Walewski and Scott T. Sanders and Robert Huber and James G. Fujimoto},
booktitle = {Laser Applilcations to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis},
journal = {Laser Applilcations to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis},
keywords = {Lasers and laser optics; Diode lasers; Lasers, tunable; Laser operation; Laser sensors; Lasers; Mode locking; Spontaneous emission; Tunable diode lasers},
pages = {TuB2},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Measurements of gas temperature in an HCCI engine by use of a Fourier-domain mode-locking laser},
year = {2006},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=LACSEA-2006-TuB2},
doi = {10.1364/LACSEA.2006.TuB2},
abstract = {Initial measurements of water vapor temperature by use of a Fourier-domain mode-locking laser were performed in a homogenous charge compression ignition engine. We assessed the potential of this FDML laser in combustion applications.},
}

@article{Giese2006,
   author = {Giese, A. and Böhringer, H.J. and Leppert, J. and Kandelhardt, S.R. and Lankenau, E. and Koch, P. and Birngruber, R. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Non-invasive intraoperative optical coherence tomography of the resection cavity during surgery of intrinsic brain tumors.},
   journal = {Proc SPIE},
   volume = {6078},
   pages = {495-502},
   year = { 2006},
url = {https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/6078/60782Z/Non-invasive-intraoperative-optical-coherence-tomography-of-the-resection-cavity/10.1117/12.674436.short},
   type = {Proceeding}
}

@inproceedings{Vogel-2006,
   author = {Vogel, A. and Noack, J. and Hüttmann, G. and Linz, N. and Freidank, S. and Paltauf, G.},
   title = {Femtosecond laser nanosurgery of biological cells and tissues},
   booktitle = {4th International Congress on Laser Advanced Materials Processing},
Year = { 2006},
URL = { http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.713.4169&rep=rep1&type=pdf}
}

@inbook{Vogel2006-2,
   author = {Vogel, A. and Noack, J and Hüttmann, G. and Paltauf, G.},
   title = {Femtosecond plasma-mediated nanosurgery of cells and tissues.},
   booktitle = {Laser Ablation},
   editor = {), Phipps C (Hrsg.},
   publisher = { Springer, Heidelberg},
   pages = {217-262},
   year = { 2006}
}

@inproceedings{Sandeau2006,
   author = {Sandeau, Julien and Caillibotte, Georges and Kandulla, Jochen and Birngruber, Reginald and Apiou-Sbirlea, Gabriela},
   title = {Modeling of conductive and convective heat transfers in retinal laser treatments},
   volume = {6138},
   pages = {61381A-61381A-9},
   note = {10.1117/12.673494},
   abstract = {Tumor thermo treatment such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) or transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) deal with long term and large laser spot exposures. The induced temperature increase is not exactly known [1]. Under these conditions convective heat transfers due to the blood flow in the choroid and the choriocapillaris must be considered in addition to the usually calculated heat conduction. From an existing analytical model defining a unique convective term for the whole fundus irradiated with Gaussian irradiance distribution lasers [2], we developed a numerical one allowing a precise modelling of convection and calculating heating evolution and temperature profiles of the fundus of the eye. The aim of this study is to present the modelling and several comparisons between experimental results [3] and numerical ones concerning the convective heat transfers inside the fundus of the eye.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.673494},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2006}
}

@article{Brinkmann2006-2,
   author = {Brinkmann, R. and Roider, J. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Selective retina therapy (SRT): a review on methods, techniques, preclinical and first clinical results},
   journal = {Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol},
   number = {302},
   pages = {51-69},
   note = {0081-0746 (Print)
Journal Article
Review},
   abstract = {Selective retina therapy (SRT) is a new laser procedure for retinal diseases that are thought to be associated with a degradation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The aim of the irradiation is to selectively damage the RPE without affecting the neural retina, the photoreceptors and the choroid. Goal of the treatment is to stimulate RPE cell migration and proliferation into the irradiated areas in order to improve the metabolism at the diseased retinal sites. In a pilot study more than 150 patients with soft drusen, retinopathia centralis serosa (RCS) and macular edema were treated. The first 3-center international trial targets diabetic macular edema and branch vein occlusion. In this review, selective RPE effects are motivated and two modalities to achieve selective RPE effects will be introduced: a pulsed and a continuous wave scanning mode. The mechanism behind selective RPE-effects will be discussed reviewing in vitro results and temperature calculations. So far clinical SRT is performed by applying trains of 30 laser pulses from a Nd:YLF-Laser (527 nm, 1.7 micros, 100 Hz) to the diseased fundus areas. In the range of 450-800 mJ/cm(2) per pulse, RPE-defects in patients were proved angiographically by fluorescein or ICG-leakage. The selectivity with respect to surrounding highly sensitive tissue and the safety range of the treatment will be reviewed. With the laser parameters used neither bleeding nor scotoma, proved by microperimetry, were observed thus demonstrating no adverse effects to the choroid and the photoreceptors, respectively. During and after irradiation, it shows that the irradiated locations are ophthalmoscopically invisible, since the effects are very limited and confined to the RPE, thus a dosimetry control is demanded. We report on a non-invasive opto-acoustic on-line technique to monitor successful RPE-irradiation and compare the data to those achieved with standard angiography one-hour post treatment.},
   keywords = {Fluorescein Angiography
Humans
Laser Coagulation/adverse effects/*methods
Multicenter Studies
Perimetry
Pigment Epithelium of Eye/pathology/surgery
Retinal Diseases/diagnosis/pathology/*surgery
Scotoma/etiology/prevention & control},
   year = {  2006}
}

@article{Vogel2006-1,
   author = {Vogel, A. and Apitz, I. and Freidank, S. and Dijkink, R.},
   title = {Sensitive high-resolution white-light Schlieren technique with a large dynamic range for the investigation of ablation dynamics},
   journal = {Opt. Lett.},
   volume = {31},
   pages = {1812-1814},
   year = { 2006},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.31.001812}
}

@article{Brinkmann2006,
   author = {Brinkmann, R and Schuele, G. and Neumann, J. and Framme, C. and Pörkensen, E. and Elsner, H. and Theisen-Kunde, D and Roider, J. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Selektive Retina Therapie - Methodik, Technik und Online-Dosimetrie},
   journal = {Ophthalmologe},
   volume = {103},
   pages = {839-849},
   year = { 2006}
}

@inproceedings{Kandulla2006,
   author = {Kandulla, J and Elsner, H and Sandeau, J and Birngruber, R and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Non-invasive optoacoustic temperature determination during retinal cw-laser treatments},
   booktitle = {Proc SPIE},
   volume = {6138},
   pages = {336-343},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2006},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.674409}
}

@article{Kandulla2006,
   author = {Kandulla, J. and Elsner, H. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Noninvasive optoacoustic online retinal temperature determination during continuous-wave laser irradiation},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {11},
   number = {4},
   note = {093IM
Times Cited:30
Cited References Count:40},
   abstract = {The therapeutic effect of most retinal laser treatments is initiated by a transient temperature increase. Although crucial to the effectiveness of the treatment, the temperature course is not exactly known due to individually different tissue properties. We develop an optoacoustic method to determine the retinal temperature increase in real time during continuous-wave (cw) laser irradiation, and perform temperature calculations to interpret the results exemplary for transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). Porcine globes ex vivo and rabbit eyes in vivo are irradiated with a diode laser (lambda=810 nm, P <= 3 W, phi = 2 mm) for 60 s. Simultaneously, pulses from a N-2-laser pumped dye laser (lambda= 500 nm, tau= 3.5 ns, E approximate to 5 mu J) are applied on the retina. Following its absorption, an ultrasonic pressure wave is emitted, which is detected by a transducer embedded in a contact lens. Using the previously measured temperature-dependent Gruneisen coefficient of chorioretinal tissue, a temperature raise in porcine eyes of 5.8 degrees C/ (W/cm(2)) after 60 s is observed and confirmed by simultaneous measurements with an inserted thermocouple. In a rabbit, we find 1.4 degrees C/(W/cm(2)) with, and 2.2 degrees C/(W/cm(2)) without perfusion at the same location. Coagulation of the rabbit's retina occurs at Delta T = 21 degrees C after 40 s. In conclusion, this optoacoustic method seems feasible for an in vivo real-time determination of temperature, opening the possibility for feedback control retinal laser treatments. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.},
   keywords = {temperature
optoacoustics
transpupillary thermotherapy
ultrasonic transducer
laser
heat diffusion calculations
retinal laser treatment
subfoveal choroidal neovascularization
transpupillary thermotherapy
macular degeneration
ocular media
blood flow
eye
fundus
light
photocoagulation
transmission},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {Artn 041111
Doi 10.1117/1.2236301},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000241162000016},
   year = {2006},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hayashi,
   author = {Ueda, S and Hayashi, Y and Kohno, T and Miki, N and Hishida, E and Shiraki, K},
   title = {A case of pachymeningitis with impaired ocular motility.},
   journal = {Japanese Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology},
   volume = {60},
   number = {4},
   pages = {553-557},
   year = {2006}
}

@article{Hayashi,
   author = {Yamamoto, M and Kohno, T and Murasawa, M and Ono, H and Ueda, S and Hayashi, Y and Ataka, S and Shiraki, K},
   title = {Lipofuscin autofluorescence in a case of crystalline retinopathy.},
   journal = {Japanese Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology},
   volume = {60},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1039-1043},
   year = {2006}
}

@article{Ahlers2006,

   author = {Ahlers, C. and Michels, S. and Beckendorf, A. and Birngruber, R. and Schmidt-Erfurth, U.},
   title = {Three-dimensional imaging of pigment epithelial detachment in age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography, retinal thickness analysis and topographic angiography},
   journal = {Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
   volume = {244},
   number = {10},
   pages = {1233-1239},
   note = {087FX
Times Cited:16
Cited References Count:19},
   abstract = {Introduction: New diagnostic tools such as the retinal thickness analyzer (RTA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and topographic angiography (TAG) were introduced into clinical ophthalmology during the last years giving the examiner new insights into anatomical and functional aspects of macular disease. In this study, advantages and disadvantages of the new imaging methods have been evaluated in patients with serous (sPED) and fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachments (fPED) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: TAG, using fluorescein angiography (FA), provides a three-dimensional profile of the fluorescein pattern based on the analysis of a set of 32 confocal images over a depth of 4 mm. RTA and OCT provide cross-sectional images of the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium-choriocapillary complex as well as retinal thickness data encoded in a false color map. We compared and evaluated these modalities in 15 patients with fPED and 15 patients with sPED secondary to AMD. Results: In patients with classic fPED, TAG detected neovascular structures and delineated their configuration. In sPEDs, pooling of extravascular fluid was detected in a dome-shaped configuration. OCT provided detailed information on the neurosensory retina's structures but failed to detect the neovascular membrane in fPED. Mapping the retinal thickness, RTA and OCT both failed to detect the PED and showed typical algorithm error-based patterns. Conclusions: TAG OCT and RTA are useful imaging modalities in the evaluation of AMD cases. TAG visualizes the vascular configuration, dynamic perfusion, and leakage changes. OCT and RTA are able to complementarily document intra-, subretinal, and sub-RPE fluid accumulation secondary to CNV. However, OCT seems to be more efficient in imaging AMD-related pathologies than RTA, as this modality is often compromised by intra- or subretinal structural abnormalities. Nevertheless, all modalities may provide further valuable insight into AMD pathogenesis, enhance diagnostic quality, and improve the assessment of therapeutic effects.},
   keywords = {choroidal neovascularization
pigment epithelial detachment (ped)
topographic angiography
retinal thickness analyzer
age-related macular degeneration (amd)
optical coherence tomography
imaging
choroidal neovascularization
verteporfin therapy
disease
repeatability
eyes
oct
tap},
   ISSN = {0721-832X},
   DOI = {DOI 10.1007/s00417-006-0418-z},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000240729400003},
   year = {2006},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Brujan,
   author = {Brujan, EA. and Vogel, A .},
   title = {Stress wave emission and cavitation bubble dynamics by nanosecond optical breakdown in a tissue phantom.},
   journal = { J Fluid Mech},
   volume = {558},
   pages = {281-308},
   year = {2006}
}

@article{Klatt,
   author = {Klatt, C. and Elsner, H. and Porksen, E. and Brinkmann, R. and Bunse, A. and Birngruber, R. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Selektive Retina-Therapie bei Retinopathia centralis serosa mit Pigmentepithelabhebung},
   journal = {Ophthalmologe},
   volume = {103},
   number = {10},
   pages = {850-855},
   note = {0941-293X (Print)
Clinical Trial
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   month = {Aug},
   abstract = {Selective Retina Therapy (SRT) is a new laser treatment that selectively targets the retinal pigmen epithelium (RPE). In this study, we treated 39 patients presenting with nonischemic, focal and focal-diffuse diabetic maculopathy with SRT. In the main. the results indicate that SRT had stabilizing effects on visual acuity, angiographic leakage, lipid exudation, and foveal retinal thickness. SRT is safe and is especially useful for treating pathologies that are located close to the fovea, which cannot be treated with conventional argon laser photocoagulation.},
   keywords = {Aged
Diabetic Retinopathy/*surgery
Female
Humans
Laser Surgery/*methods
Lasers/*therapeutic use
Macular Degeneration/*surgery
Male
Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/*methods
Preoperative Care/methods
Treatment Outcome},
   year = {2006}
}

@article{Brinkmann2006-1,
   author = {Brinkmann, Ralf and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Selektive Retina-Therapie (SRT)},
   journal = {Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik},
   volume = {17},
   number = {1},
   pages = {6-22},
   abstract = {Zusammenfassung Die am Medizinischen Laserzentrum Lübeck entwickelte selektive Retina-Therapie (SRT) wird zur Zeit als neue, schonende Laser-Behandlungsmethode für verschiedene Erkrankungen des Augenhintergrunds evaluiert, deren Ursachen einer Degradation des Retinalen Pigmentepithels (RPE) zugeschrieben werden. Mit der SRT lässt sich selektiv das RPE behandeln, ohne die angrenzende neurosensorische Netzhaut mit den Photorezeptoren und die unter dem RPE liegende Aderhaut (Choroidea) zu beeinträchtigen. Die Therapie führt idealerweise zu einer Regeneration des RPEs und einem gesteigerten Metabolismus am chorio-retinalen Übergang. Im Gegensatz zur etablierten Laserphotokoagulation, bei der die Netzhaut in und um die bestrahlten Areale komplett verödet wird, bleibt bei der SRT die Sehfähigkeit der Patienten in den bestrahlten Arealen erhalten. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Idee und die physikalischen Mechanismen selektiver RPE-Behandlung, die online Dosimetrie der optisch nicht sichtbaren Effekte und fasst die ersten klinischen Ergebnisse zusammen. Selective Retina Therapy (SRT) is a new and very gentle laser method developed at the Medical Laser Center Lübeck. It is currently investigated clinically in order to treat retinal disorders associated with a decreased function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). SRT is designed to selectively effect the RPE while sparing the neural retina and the photoreceptors as well as the chorioidea. Aim of the therapy is the rejuvenation of the RPE in the treated areas, which should ideally lead to a long term metabolic increase at the chorio-retinal junction. In contrast to conventional laser photocoagulation, which is associated with a complete thermal necrosis of the treated site, SRT completely retains full vision. This paper reviews the methods and mechanisms behind selective RPE effects and reports the first clinical results. An online dosimetry technique to visualize the ophthalmoscopically invisible effects is introduced.},
   keywords = {Selektive Zelleffekte, Optoakustik, Mikroblasen, Online-Dosimetrie, RPE, ?s-Laserpulse, Makulaödeme, RCS
Selective cellular effects, optoacoustics, online dosimetry, RPE, ?s-laser pulses, macula oedema, RCS},
   year = { 2006}
}

@article{Elsner2006,
   author = {Elsner, H. and Klatt, C. and Liew, S. H. and Porksen, E. and Bunse, A. and Rudolf, M. and Brinkmann, R. and Hamilton, R. P. and Birngruber, R. and Laqua, H. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Selektive Retina Therapiey (SRT) bei Patienten mit diabetischer Makulopathie},
   journal = {Ophthalmologe},
   volume = {103},
   number = {10},
   pages = {856-860},
   note = {0941-293X (Print)
Journal article},
   abstract = {Selective Retina Therapy (SRT) is a new laser treatment that selectively targets the retinal pigmen epithelium (RPE). In this study, we treated 39 patients presenting with nonischemic, focal and focal-diffuse diabetic maculopathy with SRT. In the main. the results indicate that SRT had stabilizing effects on visual acuity, angiographic leakage, lipid exudation, and foveal retinal thickness. SRT is safe and is especially useful for treating pathologies that are located close to the fovea, which cannot be treated with conventional argon laser photocoagulation.},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16937095},
   year = {2006},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Roider,
   author = {Roider, J.},
   title = {Selektive Retina Therapie – SRT},
   journal = {Der Ophthalmologe},
   volume = {103},
   number = {10},
   pages = {837-838},
   year = {2006}
}

@article{Elsner2006,
   author = {Elsner, H and Pörksen, E and Klatt, C and Bunse, A and Theisen-Kunde, D and Brinkmann, R and Birngruber, R and Laqua, H and Roider, J},
   title = {Selective Retina Therapy (SRT) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC)},
   journal = {Graefes Arch Ophthalmol, in print.},
   volume = {on-line: DOI 10.1007/s00417-006-0368-5},
   year = {2006},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hayashi,
   author = {Tamaoki, S and Hayashi, Y and Sakaguchi, H and Tanaka, N and Ota, M and Yokoyama, T and Shiraki, K},
   title = {Retinoblastoma in the patient with 13q-syndrome: a report of two cases.},
   journal = {Japanese Review of Clinical Ophthalmology},
   volume = {100},
   number = {8},
   pages = {587-590},
   year = {2006}
}

@article{Hayashi,
   author = {Tanaka, R and Hayashi, Y and Kohno, T and Yamazaki, K and Shiraki, K},
   title = {Retinal phlebitis in a case of erythema induratum of Bazin},
   journal = {Japanese Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology},
   volume = {60},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1901-1904},
   abstract = {Purpose?To report a case of erythema of Bazin associated with retinal phlebitis. Case and Findings?A 59-year-old woman developed painful exanthema in both legs,followed by blurring and seeing flies in her left eye one month later. She was strongly positive to tuberculin test. Biopsy of erythema showed epithelioid granuloma with Langhans giant cells,leading to the diagnosis of Bazin disease. When seen 6 weeks after onset of blurring,her corrected visual acuity was 1.2 right and 1.0 left. Her left eye showed signs of retinal phlebitis. Peroral corticosteroid failed to improve skin and fundus lesions. Similar retinal phlebitis developed in the right eye 2 months later. Pulsed corticosteroid followed by tapering was followed by gradual improvement of skin and eye manifestations. Conclusion?Pulsed corticosteroid therapy may be effective for skin and eye manifestations of erythema of Bazin.},
   year = {2006}
}

@article{Diddens,
   author = {Diddens, H. and Arp, N. and Eisenbeiß, W.},
   title = {Photodynamische Therapie zur Behandlung lokaler Wunden},
   journal = {GMS Krankenhaushyg Interdiszip},
   volume = {1},
   number = {1},
   pages = {Doc 19},
   year = {2006}
}

@article{Hoerauf2006,
   author = {Hoerauf, H. and Brix, A. and Winkler, J. and Droege, G. and Winter, C. and Birngruber, R. and Laqua, H. and Vogel, A.},
   title = {Photoablation of inner limiting membrane and inner retinal layers using the erbium : YAG-laser: An in vitro study},
   journal = {Lasers in Surgery and Medicine},
   volume = {38},
   number = {1},
   pages = {52-61},
   note = {009YN
Times Cited:4
Cited References Count:51},
   abstract = {Background and Objectives: To explore the potential of Er:YAG-laser irradiation for precise and tractionless retinal tissue and inner limiting membrane ablation.
Materials and Methods: We used free-running Er:YAG-laser irradiation (lambda = 2.94 mu m) transmitted either through a 10 em long low-OH-quartz fiber or a 2 m long sapphire fiber that produced a more homogenous light distribution at the fiber tip. Retinal ablation in porcine retinal explants was performed under air or perfluorodecaline (PFD). Ablation depth was evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and from histologic sections.
Results: A radiant exposure of 5.0 J/cm(2) delivered through a low-OH-quartz fiber and PFD caused a complete transsection of the neurosensory retina. Radiant exposures between 3.5 and 2.0 J/cm(2) resulted in marked variations of ablation depth and adjacent thermal damage. By contrast, laser pulses of 4.0 and 3.0 J/cm(2) transmitted through the sapphire fiber produced more homogenous defect patterns and less thermal damage. Close to the ablation threshold, with 1.0-2.0 J/cm(2), ablation was limited to a 10-20 mu m thin layer of the neural retina.
Conclusions: We achieved in vitro ablation of inner retinal layers, but could not produce selective and reproducible ILM removal.},
   keywords = {macular surgery
optical coherence tomography
perfluorocarbon liquid
retina
retinal explant
optical coherence tomography
macular hole surgery
experimental vitreous membranes
er-yag
vitreoretinal surgery
clinical-experience
indocyanine green
excimer-laser
pig eyes
ablation},
   ISSN = {0196-8092},
   DOI = {Doi 10.1002/Lsm.20269},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000235149600007},
   year = {2006},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Klatt2006,
   author = {Klatt, C. and Elsner, H. and Porksen, E. and Brinkmann, R. and Bunse, A. and Birngruber, R. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Selective retina therapy in central serous chorioretinopathy with detachment of the pigmentary epithelium},
   journal = {Ophthalmologe},
   volume = {103},
   number = {10},
   pages = {850-5},
   note = {0941-293X (Print)
Case Reports
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Selective Retina Therapy (SRT) is a new and innovative laser treatment modality that selectively treats the retinal pigmentary epithelium while sparing the photoreceptors. This therapeutic concept appears to be particularly suitable for treating patients with acute or chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). We present preliminary results obtained in five patients who had CSC associated with pigmentary epithelium detachment (PED) and serous subretinal fluid (SRF) and who were treated with SRT. METHODS: This case series was made up of five male patients (mean age 47 years) with chronic CSC and SRF resulting from PED. Examinations performed before and at 1 month and 3 months after the treatment were: BCVA, FLA, OCT (Zeiss OCT III). For SRT, confluent treatment of the PED (area of leakage) was carried out using a pulsed frequency-doubled, Q-switched Nd-YLF prototype laser (lambda=527 nm, t= 1.7 s, 100 Hz, energy = 150-250 J). RESULTS: Best corrected visual acuity at baseline was 0.53, while after 4 weeks it was 0.56 and after 12 weeks, 0.5. At baseline leakage was seen at the PED on fluorescein angiography in all patients. After 4 weeks leakage activity was no longer noted on angiography in 4 of 5 patients. OCT at baseline showed SRF at the edge of the PED in all patients, but in 4 of the 5 patients this was no longer detectable after 4 weeks. CONCLUSION: SRT is a safe and effective treatment for patients with CSC in which PED has caused SRF. Not a single case of rip syndrome was observed in this study, even though the PED was treated confluently. Since SRT spares the photoreceptors it is particularly suitable for the treatment of CSC, especially when the origin of leakage is located close to the fovea. The results indicate that SRT leads to reconstruction of the outer blood-retina barrier.},
   keywords = {Adult
Chorioretinitis/complications/*surgery
Humans
Laser Surgery/*methods
Lasers/*therapeutic use
Male
Middle Aged
Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/*methods
Preoperative Care/methods
Retinal Detachment/etiology/*surgery
Treatment Outcome},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16937094},
   year = {2006},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Müller2006,
   author = {Muller, M. and Hoerauf, H. and Geerling, G. and Pape, S. and Winter, C. and Hüttmann, G. and Birngruber, R. and Laqua, H.},
   title = {Filtring Bleb Evaluation with Slit-Lamp-Adapted 1310-nm Optical Coherence Tomography},
   journal = {Curr Eye Res},
   volume = {31},
   number = {11},
   pages = {909-915},
   year = {2006},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Framme2006,
   author = {Framme, C. and Sachs, H. G. and Flucke, B. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Evaluation of the new photosensitizer Tookad (WST09) for photodynamic vessel occlusion of the choroidal tissue in rabbits},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {47},
   number = {12},
   pages = {5437-46},
   note = {0146-0404 (Print)
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of Tookad (WST09; Negma-Lerads, Magny-Les-Hameaux, France) photodynamic therapy (T-PDT) by evaluating the angiographic and histologic closure of choroidal vessels at different radiance exposures, drug dosages, and intervals between photosensitizer injection and laser application in a rabbit model. METHODS: Chinchilla Bastard rabbits were injected intravenously with three different dye concentrations (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) before application of light. In every group T-PDT was performed at four different times after injection: 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes with different radiance exposures ranging from 200 to 3 J/cm2. Fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms were obtained 90 minutes after injection. Follow-up angiographies were performed at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after initial treatment. Histology was performed in selected cases immediately after treatment and on days 1, 3, and 7. RESULTS: Immediately after irradiation, most of the visible lesions were angiographically hyperfluorescent due to damaged vessel endothelium and associated RPE damage. Lesions from high-radiance exposures revealed immediate hypofluorescence, indicating vessel closure. Hypofluorescent lesions appeared mainly during day 1 (all lesions angiographically visible, some hypofluorescent) to day 3 (all lesions hypofluorescent) after treatment. At day 7, ophthalmoscopically visible hyperpigmentation took place in all lesions. ED50 thresholds for angiographic hypofluorescence determined at day 3 after treatment with 2.5 mg/kg were 18.8 J/cm2 (5 minutes), 62.0 J/cm2 (15 minutes), and >100 J/cm2 (30 minutes); with 5 mg/kg, 8.4 J/cm2 (5 minutes), 22.8 J/cm2 (15 minutes), 54.5 J/cm2 (30 minutes), and >100 J/cm2 (60 minutes); and with 10 mg/kg, 11.7 J/cm2 (30 minutes) and 54.1 J/cm2 (60 minutes). Histology of the angiographically hypofluorescent lesions revealed vessel thrombosis in all groups 1 hour after PDT up to 7 days after treatment. Sparing of photoreceptors indicated selectivity of T-PDT; however, slight damage was partly observable. After 7 days, localized proliferation of the RPE cells was noted and was enhanced 14 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: T-PDT has the potential to achieve selective choroidal vessel occlusion with proper parameter selection, such as (1) 2.5 mg/kg, 5 minutes, 100 J/cm2; (2) 5 mg/kg, 5 minutes, 25 J/cm2; or (3) 5 mg/kg, 15 minutes, 50 J/cm2; however, slight damage to the photoreceptors cannot be ruled out. RPE proliferation indicates primary RPE damage due to PDT, also described with the use of all other photosensitizers.},
   keywords = {Animals
Bacteriochlorophylls/*administration & dosage
Choroid/*blood supply/drug effects/pathology
Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnosis/*drug therapy
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Fluorescein Angiography
*Photochemotherapy
Photosensitizing Agents/*administration & dosage
Rabbits},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17122134},
   year = {2006},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Famme2006,
   author = {Framme, C. and Flucke, B. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Comparison of reduced and standard light application in photodynamic therapy of the eye in two rabbit models},
   journal = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
   volume = {244},
   number = {7},
   pages = {773-81},
   note = {0721-832X (Print)
Comparative Study
Journal Article},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Current PDT treatment for age-related macular degeneration uses a standard radiant exposure of 50 J/cm(2) at an irradiance of 600 mW/cm(2). However; there is a general problem with the unusually high irradiance; in fact, the rate of photochemical production of singlet oxygen may be limited by insufficiently oxygenized neovascular tissue. It was the aim of this study to evaluate the efficacy of verteporfin (Visudyne) photoactivation to induce thrombosis of choriocapillaries and in experimentally induced corneal neovascularizations in rabbits by varying irradiance and retinal radiant exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The light-dose threshold to induce micro-thrombosis in the choriocapillaries (seven eyes) and in corneal neovascularizations (eight eyes) of Chinchilla-Bastard rabbits using different retinal irradiances (100 and 600 mW/cm(2)) at different radiant exposures (20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.62, and 0.3 J/cm(2)) was evaluated. Induction of neovascularizations was performed 7 days prior to PDT treatment using intracorneal silk sutures. A dose of 2 mg/kg verteporfin was intravenously infused 10 min before standard PDT. The criterion for vascular thrombosis was vessel closure as determined by fluorescein angiography 1 h and 1 day post exposure. RESULTS: Experiments on the choroid revealed vessel closure 1 h after irradiation at ED(50) = 10.8 J/cm(2) (both 600 and 100 mW/cm(2)) and after 24 h at ED(50) = 2.4 J/cm(2) (600 mW/cm(2)) versus 1.8 J/cm(2) (100 mW/cm(2)). Vessel closure was enhanced at irradiation with 100 mW/cm(2). Regarding corneal neovascularizations, vessel thrombosis was observable by dark appearance of irradiated clotted neovascular tissue and angiographically by a lack of leakage at ED(50) thresholds of 0.62 J/cm(2) (1 h) and 0.41 J/cm(2) (1 day) for 100 mW/cm(2) and of 0.99 J/cm(2) (1 h), and 0.67 J/cm(2) (1 day) for 600 mW/cm(2). Thus in both experiments thresholds for vessel closure were reduced by a factor of 1.5 for the lower intensity. Histology revealed more selective vessel occlusion without RPE and photoreceptor damage for 100 mW/cm(2) rather than 600 mW/cm(2) intensity at threshold irradiation. CONCLUSION: Low-intensity PDT with verteporfin for neovascular tissue seems to be more effective than regular high-intensity PDT. Future preclinical trials should address the issue of proper dosimetry for effective PDT in age-related macular degeneration.},
   keywords = {Animals
Choroidal Neovascularization/*drug therapy
Corneal Neovascularization/*drug therapy
*Disease Models, Animal
Fluorescein Angiography
Photochemotherapy/*methods
Photosensitizing Agents/*therapeutic use
Porphyrins/*therapeutic use
Rabbits
Radiation Dosage},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16440207},
   year = {2006},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Neumann,
   author = {Neumann, J. and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Cell disintegration by laser-induced transient microbubbles and its simultaneous monitoring by interferometry},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {11},
   number = {4},
   pages = {041112-1 - 041112-11},
   year = {2006}
}

@article{Hayashi,
   author = {Narumi, T and Hayashi, Y and Ataka, S and Tanaka, R and Murasawa, M and Kohno, T and Shiraki, K},
   title = {Blunt ocular trauma in a patient with hemophilia-A},
   journal = {Japanese Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology},
   volume = {60},
   number = {9},
   pages = {1653-1656},
   abstract = {Purpose?To report a patient with hemophilia-A who was treated by recombinant factor VIII concentrate for trauma-induced hyphema. Case and Findings?A 18-year-old male was hit by a flying softball on his left eye. He noted pain and blurring of left vision. When seen the next day,his visual acuity was hand motion left with intraocular pressure?IOP?of 37mmHg. The left cornea was edematous. The anterior chamber was filled with blood. He was diagnosed with hemophilia A with factor VIII level of 3?. His bleeding time was within normal limit. Irrigation of anterior was performed without incident after intravenous injection of recombinant factor VIII concentrate. Vitreous hemorrhage started to be absorbed 3 weeks after the trauma. Visual acuity improved to 0.02 5 weeks and to 1.5 9 weeks after trauma. Conclusion?Systemic recombinant factor VIII concentrate seemed to facilitate irrigation of anterior chamber and spontaneous absorption of vitreous hemorrhage in a patient with hemophilia-A.},
   year = {2006}
}

@article{Daniltchenko,
   author = {Daniltchenko, D.},
   title = {Anwendung der optischen Kohärenztomographie (OCT) bei der Darstellung von Urothelerkrankungen der Harnblase},
   journal = {Der Radiologe},
   volume = {46},
   number = {7},
   pages = {584},
   year = {2006}
}

@article{Hayashi2006,
   author = {Hishida, E and Hayashi, Y. and Narumi, T and Shiraki, K.},
   title = {A case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with optic neuritis and impaired visual acuity},
   journal = {Japanese Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology},
   volume = {60},
   number = {6},
   pages = {943-946},
   abstract = {Purpose?To report a case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with optic neuritis and impaired visual acuity. Case and Findings?A 31-year-old woman presented with retrobulbar pain in her left eye. Her corrected visual acuity was 1.2 right and 0.8 left. The left eye developed total ophthalmoplegia with visual acuity of 0.08 four days later. She was diagnosed with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with optic neuritis. Pulsed corticosteroid therapy induced improved ocular motility with reduced pain. Visual acuity improved to 0.7. Discontinuation of corticosteroid was followed by severe recurrence. Left visual acuity was reduced to no light perception. Another course of pulsed corticosteroid therapy with peroral prednisolone induced improvement. There has been no recurrence until 9months later. Conclusion?Pulsed corticosteroid therapy with peroral prednisolone may be useful in preventing recurrence of optic neuritis in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.},
   year = {2006}
}

@article{Müller2006,
   author = {Muller, M. and Hoerauf, H. and Geerling, G. and Pape, S. and Winter, C. and Huttmann, G. and Birngruber, R. and Laqua, H.},
   title = {Filtering bleb evaluation with slit-lamp-adapted 1310-nm optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Current Eye Research},
   volume = {31},
   number = {11},
   pages = {909-915},
   note = {107AB
Times Cited:24
Cited References Count:27},
   abstract = {Purpose: Investigation of slit-lamp-adapted 1310-nm optical coherence tomography (OCT) as an in vivo imaging device in the postoperative course of glaucoma surgery. Methods: Postoperative images of filtering blebs and deep sclerectomies and their healing processes were qualitatively evaluated with a slit-lamp-adapted anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in 28 patients. Ophthalmologic examinations included slit-lamp examination, applanation tonometry, and slit-lamp photography. The OCT scans were qualitatively correlated with the morphologic and functional outcome of the filtering bleb. Results: 1310-nm OCT was able to demonstrate the internal structure and the dimensions of filtering blebs, as well as the scleral flap and the deep sclerectomy location including Descemet membrane. Functioning filtering blebs showed a low OCT signal, small fluid-filled cysts, superficial microcystic layer, and a slack internal texture. High internal reflectivity indicated an earlier scarring of the filtering bleb. Nonfunctioning filtering blebs delivered a high OCT signal, no or few cysts, and a dense internal texture. These different OCT patterns correlated with the clinical outcome. Conclusions: Slit-lamp-adapted 1310-nm OCT allowed the noncontact observation and documentation of the postoperative healing course of filtering blebs after glaucoma surgery. Internal structures of the filtering bleb and deep sclerectomies could be visualized. Functioning and dysfunctioning filtering blebs delivered different OCT pattern and correlated with the clinical outcome. This could be a new way to assess the postoperative healing process with the possibility of earlier intervention in cases of impending scarring.},
   keywords = {deep sclerectomy
filtering bleb
oct
scarring
anterior segment
mitomycin-c
follow-up
trabeculectomy
surgery
cornea
eye},
   ISSN = {0271-3683},
   DOI = {Doi 10.1080/02713680600910528},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000242142000003},
   year = {2006},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Huber:05,
author = {R. Huber and M. Wojtkowski and J. G. Fujimoto and J. Y. Jiang and A. E. Cable},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; High speed imaging; Image fusion; Laser sources; Semiconductor lasers; Swept lasers; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {26},
pages = {10523--10538},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Three-dimensional and C-mode OCT imaging with a compact, frequency swept laser source at 1300 nm},
volume = {13},
month = {Dec},
year = {2005},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-26-10523},
doi = {10.1364/OPEX.13.010523},
abstract = {We demonstrate high resolution, three-dimensional OCT imaging with a high speed, frequency swept 1300 nm laser source. A new external cavity semiconductor laser design, optimized for application to swept source OCT, is discussed. The design of the laser enables adjustment of an internal spectral filter to change the filter bandwidth and provides a robust bulk optics design. The laser generates ~30 mW instantaneous peak power at an effective 16 kHz sweep rate with a tuning range of ~133 nm full width. In frequency domain reflectometry and OCT applications, 109 dB sensitivity and ~10 $\mu$m axial resolution in tissue can be achieved with the swept laser. The high imaging speeds enable three-dimensional OCT imaging, including zone focusing or C-mode imaging and image fusion to acquire large depth of field data sets with high resolution. In addition, three-dimensional OCT data provides coherence gated en face images similar to optical coherence microscopy (OCM) and also enables the generation of images similar to confocal microscopy by summing signals in the axial direction. High speed, three-dimensional OCT imaging can provide comprehensive data which combines the advantages of optical coherence tomography and microscopy in a single system.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.641732,
author = {R. Huber and K. Taira and M. Wojtkowski and J. G. Fujimoto},
title = {{Fourier domain mode locked lasers for OCT imaging at up to 290 kHz sweep rates}},
volume = {5861},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Techniques II},
editor = {Wolfgang Drexler},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {58611B},
abstract = {A high speed, tunable laser using Fourier Domain Mode Locking is demonstrated for OCT imaging.  Record sweep speeds up to 290 kHz, 3 cm coherence length and 145 nm range at 1300 nm are achieved.},
keywords = {Fourier domain mode locking, swept source, swept laser, tunable laser, wavelength agile laser, optical coherence tomography, spectral OCT, Fourier domain},
year = {2005},
doi = {10.1117/12.641732},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.641732}
}

@InProceedings{HU_2005_Huber_a,
  Title                    = {{Fourier Domain Mode Locking: Overcoming limitations of frequency swept light sources and pulsed lasers}},
  Author                   = {Huber, Robert A and Taira, Kenji and Fujimoto, James G},
  Booktitle                = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe/ European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2005)},
keywords = {AG-Huber_FDML, AG-Huber_OCT},
  Year                     = { 2005}
}

@inproceedings{Huber:05,
author = {R. Huber and K. Taira and T. H. Ko and M. Wojtkowski and V. Srinivasan and J. G. Fujimoto and K. Hsu},
booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies},
journal = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies},
keywords = {Imaging systems; Optical coherence tomography; Lasers and laser optics; Lasers, tunable; Laser amplifiers; Laser sources; Light sources; Optical coherence tomography; Point spread function; Ring lasers},
pages = {JThE33},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {High-speed, amplified, frequency swept laser at 20 kHz sweep rates for OCT imaging},
year = {2005},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=QELS-2005-JThE33},
abstract = {We demonstrate a high-speed, frequency swept, 1300 nm laser for Fourier domain OCT. The laser generates ~45 mW instantaneous power with 20 kHz sweep rates and achieves 108 dB sensitivity and 12.7 um resolution.},
}

@inproceedings{Sharma:05,
author = {V. Sharma and A. M. Kowalevicz and R. Huber and J. G. Fujimoto and K. Minoshima},
booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies},
journal = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies},
keywords = {Optical design and fabrication; Microstructure fabrication; Ultrafast optics; Ultrafast processes in condensed matter, including semiconductors; Femtosecond lasers; Femtosecond pulses; Free electron lasers; High numerical aperture optics; Three dimensional fabrication; Ti:sapphire lasers},
pages = {CThCC4},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Three dimensional waveguide splitters fabricated in glass using a femtosecond laser oscillator},
year = {2005},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO-2005-CThCC4},
abstract = {Three-dimensional optical waveguide devices are fabricated in glass using femtosecond pulses from an extended cavity Ti:sapphire laser oscillator. We demonstrate increased device densities by fabricating highly symmetric 1:N waveguide splitters in three dimensions.},
}

@article{Huber:05,
author = {R. Huber and M. Wojtkowski and K. Taira and J. G. Fujimoto and K. Hsu},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Fiber lasers; Fiber optic amplifiers; Fiber optic components; Laser sources; Light sources; Tunable diode lasers},
number = {9},
pages = {3513--3528},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Amplified, frequency swept lasers for frequency domain reflectometry and OCT imaging: design and scaling principles},
volume = {13},
month = {May},
year = {2005},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-9-3513},
doi = {10.1364/OPEX.13.003513},
abstract = {We demonstrate a high-speed, frequency swept, 1300 nm laser source for frequency domain reflectometry and OCT with Fourier domain/swept-source detection. The laser uses a fiber coupled, semiconductor amplifier and a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter. We present scaling principles which predict the maximum frequency sweep speed and trade offs in output power, noise and instantaneous linewidth performance. The use of an amplification stage for increasing output power and for spectral shaping is discussed in detail. The laser generates ~45 mW instantaneous peak power at 20 kHz sweep rates with a tuning range of ~120 nm full width. In frequency domain reflectometry and OCT applications the frequency swept laser achieves 108 dB sensitivity and ~10 {\textmu}m axial resolution in tissue. We also present a fast algorithm for real time calibration of the fringe signal to equally spaced sampling in frequency for high speed OCT image preview.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.592552,
author = {Robert Huber and Kenji Taira and Maciej Wojtkowski and Tony Hong-Tyng Ko and James G. Fujimoto and Kevin Hsu},
title = {{High-speed-frequency swept light source for Fourier domain OCT at 20-kHz A-scan rate}},
volume = {5690},
booktitle = {Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine IX},
editor = {Valery V. Tuchin and Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {96 -- 100},
abstract = {We demonstrate a high-speed tunable, continuous wave laser source for Fourier domain OCT.  The laser source is based on a fiber coupled, semiconductor optical amplifier and a tunable ultrahigh finesse, fiber Fabry Perot filter for frequency tuning.  The light source provides frequency scan rates of up to 20,000 sweeps per second over a wavelength range of >70 nm FWHM at 1330 nm, yielding an axial resolution of ~14 μm in air.  The linewidth is narrow and corresponds to a coherence length of several mm, enabling OCT imaging over a large axial range.},
keywords = {swept source, Fourier Domain, OCT, tunable laser, Spectral Domain, frequency domain imaging, OFDI, sweep},
year = {2005},
doi = {10.1117/12.592552},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.592552}
}

@article{doi:10.1021/bi048318h,
author = {Huber, Robert and Köhler, Thomas and Lenz, Martin O. and Bamberg, Ernst and Kalmbach, Rolf and Engelhard, Martin and Wachtveitl, Josef},
title = {pH-Dependent Photoisomerization of Retinal in Proteorhodopsin},
journal = {Biochemistry},
volume = {44},
number = {6},
pages = {1800-1806},
year = {2005},
doi = {10.1021/bi048318h},
note ={PMID: 15697205},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1021/bi048318h},
eprint = {https://doi.org/10.1021/bi048318h},
abstract = {The early steps in the photocycle of the bacterial proton pump proteorhodopsin (PR) were analyzed by ultrafast pump/probe spectroscopy to compare the rate of retinal isomerization at alkaline and acidic pH values. At pH 9, the functionally important primary proton acceptor (Asp97, pKa = 7.7) is negatively charged; consequently, a reaction cycle analogous to the archaeal bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is observed. The excited electronic state of PR displays a pronounced biphasic decay with time constants of 400 fs and 8 ps. At pH 6 where Asp97 is protonated a similar biphasic decay is observed, although it is significantly slower (700 fs and 15 ps). The results indicate, in agreement to similar findings in other retinal proteins, that also in PR the charge distribution within the chromophore binding pocket is a major determinant for the rate and the efficiency of the primary reaction. }
}

@article{Brinkmann2005,
   author = {Brinkmann, R; Kandulla, J; Elsner, H; Hilmes, M; Hartert, C and Birngruber, R},
   title = {Non-invasive real-time retinal temperature determination during TTT},
   journal = {Invest Ophthal & VisScie},
   
   note = {Suppl. S
911CZ
1406
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000227980401431},
   year = { 2005},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Kandulla2005,
   author = {Kandulla, J and Elsner, H and Hilmes, M and Hartert, C and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Optoacoustic temperature determination at the fundus of the eye during Transpupillary Thermotherapy},
   booktitle = {Proc SPIE},
   volume = {5688},
   pages = {208-214},
   keywords = {AutoPhoN},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.608406},
year = { 2005}
}

@article{Hamaguchi,
   author = {Hamaguchi, A and Hayashi, Y and Motoyama, T and Imamura, H and Imamoto, K and Kohno, T and Shiraki, K},
   title = {A case of bilateral endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis},
   journal = {Folia ophthalmologica Japonica},
   volume = {56},
   number = {10},
   pages = {826-830},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Neumann,
   author = {Neumann, J and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Boiling nucleation on melanosomes and microbeads transiently heated by nanosecond and microsecond laser pulses.},
   journal = {J Biomed Optics},
   volume = {10},
   number = {2},
   pages = {024001},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Vogel,
   author = {Vogel, A and Lorenz, B. and Sägmüller, B. and Schütze, K.},
   title = {Catapulting of microdissected histologic specimens with focused and defocused laser pulses},
   journal = {Optical Society of America},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Yao,
   author = {Yao, C. and Rahmanzadeh, R. and Endl, E. and Zhang, Z. and Gerdes, J. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {Elevation of plasma membrane permeability by laser irradiation of selectively bound nanoparticles},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   volume = {10},
   number = {6},
   pages = {064012},
   note = {Yao, Cuiping
Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin
Endl, Elmar
Zhang, Zhenxi
Gerdes, Johannes
Huttmann, Gereon
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
J Biomed Opt. 2005 Nov-Dec;10(6):064012.},
   abstract = {Irradiation of nanoabsorbers with pico- and nanosecond laser pulses could result in thermal effects with a spatial confinement of less than 50 nm. Therefore absorbing nanoparticles could be used to create controlled cellular effects. We describe a combination of laser irradiation with nanoparticles, which changes the plasma membrane permeability. We demonstrate that the system enables molecules to penetrate impermeable cell membranes. Laser light at 532 nm is used to irradiate conjugates of colloidal gold, which are delivered by antibodies to the plasma membrane of the Hodgkin's disease cell line L428 and/or the human large-cell anaplastic lymphoma cell line Karpas 299. After irradiation, membrane permeability is evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran. The fraction of transiently permeabilized and then resealed cells is affected by the laser parameter, the gold concentration, and the membrane protein of the different cell lines to which the nanoparticles are bound. Furthermore, a dependence on particle size is found for these interactions in the different cell lines. The results suggest that after optimization, this method could be used for gene transfection and gene therapy.},
   keywords = {Biopolymers/pharmacokinetics
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Membrane Permeability/ physiology/ radiation effects
Drug Delivery Systems/ methods
Fluoresceins/ pharmacokinetics
Humans
Lasers
Lymphoma/ metabolism
Nanostructures},
   year = {2005}
}

@inproceedings{Horneffer,
   author = {Horneffer, V. and Vogel, A. and Sägmüller, B. and Schütze, K.},
   title = {Microdissection, catapulting, and microinjection of biologic specimens with femtosecond laser pulses},
   booktitle = {SPIE/OSA Conference on Biomedical Optics ECBO,12.-16.06.2005},

}

@inproceedings{Daniltchenko,
   author = {Daniltchenko, D. and Sachs, M. and Lankenau, E. and König, F. and Burckhardt, M. and Hüttmann, G. and Kristiansen, G. and Schnorr, D. and Al-Shukri, S. and Löning, S.},
   title = {Ex vivo and in vivo topographics studies of bladder by optical coherence tomography},
   booktitle = {Saratov Fall Meeting 2004: Optical Technologies in Biophysics and Medicine VI},
   editor = {Tuchin, V.},
   publisher = {Proceedings 2005},
   volume = {5771},
   pages = {209-14},
year = { 2005},
URL = {https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/5771/0000/Ex-vivo-and-in-vivo-topographic-studies-of-bladder-by/10.1117/12.634810.short}

}

@article{Schmidt-Erfurth2005,
   author = {Schmidt-Erfurth, U. and Michels, S. and Indorf, L. and Eggers, R. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Mechanism of photodynamic occlusion using liposomal Zn(II)-phtalocyanine},
   journal = {Current Eye Research},
   volume = {30},
   number = {7},
   pages = {601-612},
   note = {953LO
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:30},
   abstract = {Purpose: To evaluate the potential of liposomal Zinc(II)phthalocyanine (ZnPc) to selectively target subretinal vasculature. Methods: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with liposomal Zinc(II)-phtalocyanine was used to induce choroidal occlusion in eyes of pigmented rabbits. Drug doses of 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.4 mg/kg body weight were administered. Photosensitization was performed at a wavelength of 671 nm and an irradiance of 100 mW/cm(2) applying fluences of 5, 10, 20, and 50 J/cm(2). Results: Using liposomal ZnPc, occlusion of choroidal vessels was achieved without damage to the overlying neurosensory retina. A tight dose correlation was found with a drug dose of 0.32 mg/kg and a light dose of 10 J/cm(2) inducing a selective thrombosis of the subretinal capillary layer. Histology revealed a selective intravascular alteration of the endothelial cells. Conclusions: PDT using liposomal ZnPc allows occlusion of subretinal vasculature with maintenance of neuroretina and RPE. The destructive effect on choroidal vascular endothelium is intensive.},
   keywords = {choroidal vasculature
liposomes
photodynamic therapy
zinc(ii)-phtalocyanine
low-density-lipoprotein
receptor-mediated uptake
choroidal neovascularization
macular degeneration
endothelial-cells
therapy
verteporfin
angiography
model},
   ISSN = {0271-3683},
   DOI = {Doi 10.1080/02713680590968286},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000231078000012},
   year = {2005},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Geerling2005,
   author = {Geerling, G. and Muller, M. and Winter, C. and Hoerauf, H. and Oelckers, S. and Laqua, H. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Intraoperative 2-dimensional optical coherence tomography as a new tool for anterior segment surgery},
   journal = {Arch Ophthalmol},
   volume = {123},
   number = {2},
   pages = {253-7},
   note = {0003-9950 (Print)
Journal Article},
   abstract = {We tested a 1310-nm optical coherence tomograph coupled with a beam splitter on the front lens of an operating microscope for intraoperative, noncontact visualization of anterior segment procedures. This new modification of optical coherence tomography technology allows intraoperative, high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging and pachymetry of the cornea and sclera during anterior segment surgery. It is particularly helpful for lamellar dissection techniques such as deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and trabeculectomy.},
   keywords = {Anterior Eye Segment/*surgery
Cornea/pathology
Corneal Transplantation/methods
Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/*instrumentation
Humans
Monitoring, Intraoperative/*instrumentation
*Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures
Sclera/pathology
Tomography, Optical Coherence/*instrumentation
Trabecular Meshwork/pathology
Trabeculectomy/methods},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15710824},
   year = {2005},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Apitz,
   author = {Apitz, I. and Vogel, A.},
   title = {Material ejection in nanosecond Er:YAG laser ablation of water, liver, and skin},
   journal = {Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing},
   volume = {81},
   number = {2},
   pages = {329-338},
   abstract = {We investigated the mechanisms of material ejection in Q-switched Er:YAG laser tissue ablation (70-ns pulse duration) where moderate and large radiant exposures are associated with large volumetric energy densities in the target material. For water, an initial phase of non-equilibrium surface vaporization is followed by an explosive vaporization of the superficial liquid volume from a supercritical state. The ablation of deeper layers with lower peak temperatures proceeds as phase explosion. For mechanically strong tissues, non-equilibrium surface vaporization is followed by a vapour explosion coupled with thermal dissociation of the biomolecules into volatile products. In deeper layers, ablation proceeds as confined boiling with mechanical tearing of the tissue matrix by the vapour pressure. The recoil stress induced at a radiant exposure of 5.4 J/cm 2 is in the order of 500–900 MPa. For water and soft tissues such as liver, the recoil causes a powerful secondary material expulsion. For stronger tissues such as skin, no secondary expulsion was observed even though the recoil stress largely exceeds the static tensile strength of the tissue. Recoil-induced material expulsion results in an increase of both ablation efficiency and mechanical side effects of ablation. Theoretical modelling of the succession of phase transitions in nanosecond-laser tissue ablation and of recoil-induced material expulsion remain a major challenge for future work.},
   keywords = {Physik und Astronomie},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Hayashi,
   author = {Yamaguchi, M and Yokoyama, T and Tamaoki, S and Hayashi, Y and Tabuchi, H and Shiraki, K},
   title = {Lateral rectus posterior-fixation suture for large-angle exotropia},
   journal = {Japanese Review of Clinical Ophthalmology},
   volume = {99},
   number = {4},
   pages = {307-311},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Vogel2005,
   author = {Vogel, A. and Noack, J. and Hüttmann, G. and Paltauf, G.},
   title = {Mechanisms of femtosecond laser nanosurgery of biological cells and tissues},
   journal = {Appl. Phys B},
   volume = {81},
   pages = {1015-1047},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Schüle,
   author = {Schüle, G and Rumohr, M and Hüttmann, G and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {RPE damage thresholds and mechanisms for laser exposure in the µs to ms time regimen},
   journal = {Inv Ophthalmol & Vis Sci},
   volume = {46},
   number = {2},
   pages = {714-719},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Hüttmann2005,
   author = {Hüttmann, Gereon and Yao, Cuiping and Endl, Elmar},
   title = {New concepts in laser medicine: Towards a laser surgery with cellular precision},
   journal = {Medical laser application},
   volume = {20},
   number = {2},
   pages = {135-139},
   abstract = {New concepts and instrumentation in laser medicine are driven by the progress in optical technology as well as by advances in the understanding of the interaction of optical irradiation with tissue, especially at a macromolecular scale, and by the changing needs in health care. Complexity and costs of laser sources will decrease due to the use of semiconductor and fiber lasers, and complex or non-linear mechanisms by which the radiation effects tissues are better understood, especially when ultra-short laser pulses are used. Especially femtosecond lasers and nanotechnology have the potential to treat diseases at a cellular level. Focused femtosecond irradiation was successfully used to manipulate tissues with subcellular precision. Laser-irradiated nanoparticles can selectively destroy individual cells.},
   keywords = {Mikro- und Nanowirkungen
Selective Foto thermolyse
Faserlaser
Femtosekundenlaser
Nanopartikel
Micro- and nanoeffects
Selective photothermolysis
Fiber laser
Femtosecond laser
Nanoparticles},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Ahlers2005,
   author = {Ahlers, C. and Michels, S. and Elsner, H. and Birngruber, R. and Pruente, C. and Schmidt-Erfurth, U.},
   title = {Topographic angiography and optical coherence tomography: A correlation of imaging characteristics},
   journal = {European Journal of Ophthalmology},
   volume = {15},
   number = {6},
   pages = {774-781},
   note = {990KX
Times Cited:8
Cited References Count:8},
   abstract = {PURPOSE. Topographic angiography (TAG) using confocal scanning laser angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are new imaging modalities that have been introduced during recent years. OCT and TAG imaging were compared to specify the characteristics of each imaging modality.
METHODS. TAG using fluorescein angiography (FA) provides a three-dimensional pro file of the vascular structures based on the analysis of a set of 32 confocal images over a depth of 4 mm. OCT provides cross-sectional images of the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium-choriocapillary complex (RPE-CC). The authors compared and evaluated both modalities in 10 patients with predominantly classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV), 10 patients with serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED), and 10 patients with geographic RPE atrophy, all secondary to age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).
RESULTS. In patients with classic CNV, TAG detected neovascular structures and delineated their configuration. In PEDs pooling of extravascular fluid is demonstrated, and in geographic RPE atrophy TAG showed reduced choroidal perfusion. Classic CNV was demonstrated by OCT as a hyperreflective band at the level of the RPE-CC, and PED showed a dome-shaped RPE detachment. In geographic RPE atrophy, OCT imaged loss of the RPE band and had an increased depth resolution.
CONCLUSIONS. TAG and OCT are useful imaging modalities in the evaluation of ARMD cases. TAG visualizes the vascular configuration and dynamic perfusion and leakage changes. OCT is able to document intra-, subretinal, and sub-RPE fluid accumulation secondary to CNV Both modalities may provide further valuable insight into ARMD pathogenesis, enhance diagnostic quality, and improve the assessment of therapeutic effects.},
   keywords = {age-related macular degeneration
choroidal neovascularization
geographic atrophy
imaging
optical coherence tomography
pigment epithelial detachment
topographic angiography
macular degeneration
choroidal neovascularization
disease},
   ISSN = {1120-6721},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000233742900019},
   year = {2005},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@misc{Rahmanzadeh,
   author = {Rahmanzadeh, R. and Muller, K. and Fischer, E. and Bartels, D. and Borsch, T.},
   title = {The Linderniaceae and Gratiolaceae are further lineages distinct from the Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales)},
   volume = {7},
   number = {1},
   pages = {67-78},
   month = {Jan},
   note = {Rahmanzadeh, R
Muller, K
Fischer, E
Bartels, D
Borsch, T
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Germany
Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2005 Jan;7(1):67-78.},
   abstract = {The Lamiales are one of the largest orders of angiosperms, with about 22,000 species. The Scrophulariaceae, as one of their most important families, has recently been shown to be polyphyletic. As a consequence, this family was re-classified and several groups of former scrophulariaceous genera now belong to different families, such as the Calceolariaceae, Plantaginaceae, or Phrymaceae. In the present study, relationships of the genera Craterostigma, Lindernia and its allies, hitherto classified within the Scrophulariaceae, were analyzed. Sequences of the chloroplast trnK intron and the matK gene (approximately 2.5 kb) were generated for representatives of all major lineages of the Lamiales and the former Scrophulariaceae. Bayesian and parsimony analyses revealed two isolated lineages, one of which consists of Lindernia and its allies, the other of Gratiola and allies. Gratiola was previously assumed to be related to Lindernia and was therefore included here. It is proposed to treat the two clades as separate families, Linderniaceae and Gratiolaceae. For the Linderniaceae, several morphological synapomorphies exist in addition to molecular data, such as conspicuous club-shaped stamen appendages.},
   keywords = {Bayes Theorem
Genes, Plant
Introns
Phenotype
Phylogeny
Scrophulariaceae/anatomy & histology/ classification/genetics
Species Specificity},
   ISBN = {1435-8603 (Print)
1435-8603 (Linking)},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Elsner2005,
   author = {Elsner, H. and Liew, S. H. M. and Klatt, C. and Hamilton, P. and Marshall, J. and Porksen, E. and Laqua, H. and Brinkmann, R. and Birngruber, R. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Selective-retina-therapy (SRT) multicenter clinical trial: 6 month results in patients with diabetic maculopathy},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {46},
   note = {Suppl. S
911CZ
1463
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000227980401487},
   year = {2005},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Alt,
   author = {Alt, C. and Framme, C. and Schnell, S. and Lee, H. and Brinkmann, R. and Lin, C. P.},
   title = {Selective targeting of the retinal pigment epithelium using an acousto-optic laser scanner},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   volume = {10},
   number = {6},
   pages = {64014},
   note = {1083-3668 (Print)
Journal Article},
   abstract = {Selective targeting of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a new strategy for treating certain retinal disorders while preserving adjacent photoreceptors. The treatment currently relies on a complex laser system to produce the required microsecond pulse structure. In our new approach, we scan the focus of a continuous-wave (cw) laser beam with acousto-optic deflectors to produce microsecond-long exposures at each RPE cell. Experiments were performed in vitro with a bench-top scanner on samples of young bovine RPE and in vivo on Dutch belted rabbits with a slit-lamp adapted scanner. Effective dose 50% (ED(50)) for RPE damage was determined in vitro by fluorescence cell viability assay and in vivo by fluorescein angiography. Damage to individual RPE cells was achieved with laser power on the order of 100 mW. Using separated scan lines, we demonstrate selectivity in the form of alternating lines of dead and surviving cells that resemble the scan pattern. Selectivity is also shown by the absence of retinal thermal coagulation in vivo. Selective RPE damage is feasible by rapidly scanning a cw laser beam. The scanning device is an attractive alternative to conventional laser coagulation and pulsed laser targeting of the RPE.},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Poerksen2005,
   author = {Poerksen, E. and Elsner, H. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Schuele, G. and Hamilton, P. and Laqua, H. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Selective retina treatment (SRT): Clinical investigation of an optoacoustic on-line dosimetry control},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {46},
   note = {Suppl. S
911CZ
294
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000227980400286},
   year = {2005},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Framme2005,
   author = {Framme, C. and Schuele, G. and Roider, J. and Holz, F. G. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Temperature dependence of A2-E fluorescence in vitro and detection of fundus autofluorescence during selective RPE laser treatment (SRT)},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {46},
   note = {Suppl. S
911CZ
266
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000227980400260},
   year = {2005},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hayashi,
   author = {Nakakura, S. and Shiraki, K. and Yasunari, T. and Hayashi, Y. and Ataka, S. and Kohno, T.},
   title = {Quantification and anatomic distribution of choroidal abnormalities in patients with type I neurofibromatosis},
   journal = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
   volume = {243},
   number = {10},
   pages = {980-4},
   note = {Nakakura, Shunsuke
Shiraki, Kunihiko
Yasunari, Takaharu
Hayashi, Yoko
Ataka, Shinsuke
Kohno, Takeya
eng
Comparative Study
Germany
2005/05/14 09:00
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005 Oct;243(10):980-4. Epub 2005 Oct 20.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Choroidal abnormality manifesting as a bright patchy lesion under infrared monochromatic light has previously been described in neurofibromatosis type I patients in whom the choroid appears normal under conventional ophthalmoscopic examination or on the fluorescein angiogram. We investigated the correlation between patient age and the number of choroidal abnormalities, as well as the anatomic distribution of choroidal abnormalities in the fundus. METHODS: We examined the fundus of 28 eyes in 14 patients with neurofibromatosis type I. Patients ranged in age from 2 to 38 years and were examined between April 2001 and April 2002 by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy with infrared monochromatic light (780 nm wavelength). We divided the fundus into five regions (one within the retinal vascular arcade and those supero-temporal, infero-temporal, supero-nasal, and infero-nasal to it), and lesions on the border between regions were assigned to the region containing the greater part of the lesion. We studied the total number of choroidal abnormalities and the correlation between the total number and age. RESULTS: A positive correlation was found between the total number of choroidal abnormalities and age (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, r=0.6209, P=0.0178). There was a significantly greater number of choroidal abnormalities in the arcade region than in the other four regions (ANOVA, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Choroidal abnormalities tend to increase with age and are most often observed within the vascular arcade.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Child
Child, Preschool
Choroid/*abnormalities
Choroid Diseases/complications/epidemiology/*pathology
Female
Fundus Oculi
Humans
Lasers/diagnostic use
Male
Neurofibromatosis 1/*complications/pathology
Ophthalmoscopy/methods
Prevalence
Retrospective Studies},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Herrmann2005,
   author = {Herrmann, K and Birngruber, R. and Pauleikhoff, D.},
   title = {Photodynamische Therapie in der Praxis immer breiter eingesetzt.},
   journal = {Beilage für "Der Ophthalmologe"},
   volume = {102},
   number = {6},
   year = {2005},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Schuele,
   author = {Schuele, G. and Elsner, H. and Framme, C. and Roider, J. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Optoacoustic real-time dosimetry for selective retina treatment},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   volume = {10},
   number = {6},
   pages = {064022},
   note = {1083-3668 (Print)
Journal Article},
   abstract = {The selective retina treatment (SRT) targets retinal diseases associated with disorders in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Due to the ophthalmoscopic invisibility of the laser-induced RPE effects, we investigate a noninvasive optoacoustic real-time dosimetry system. In vitro porcine RPE is irradiated with a Nd:YLF laser (527 nm, 1.7-micros pulse duration, 5 to 40 microJ, 30 pulses, 100-Hz repetition rate). Generated acoustic transients are measured with a piezoelectric transducer. During 27 patient treatments, the acoustic transients are measured with a transducer embedded in an ophthalmic contact lens. After treatment, RPE damage is visualized by fluorescein angiographic leakage. Below the RPE damage threshold, the optoacoustic transients show no pulse-to-pulse fluctuations within a laser pulse train. Above threshold, fluctuations of the individual transients among each other are observed. If optoacoustic pulse-to-pulse fluctuations are present, RPE leakage is observed in fluorescein angiography. In 96% of the irradiated areas, RPE leakage correlated with the optoacoustic defined threshold value. A noninvasive optoacoustic real-time dosimetry for SRT is developed and proved in vitro and during patient treatment. It detects the ophthalmoscopically invisible laser-induced damage of RPE cells and overcomes practical limitations of SRT for use in private practice.},
   keywords = {Acoustics/*instrumentation
Animals
Computer Systems
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
Equipment Design
Equipment Failure Analysis
Humans
Laser Coagulation/*methods
Lasers/*therapeutic use
Optics/*instrumentation
Radiation Dosage
Radiometry/*instrumentation/methods
Reproducibility of Results
Retina/pathology/*radiation effects/*surgery
Sensitivity and Specificity
Swine},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Schuele2005,
   author = {Schuele, G; Elsner, H; Framme, C; Roider, J; Birngruber, R and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Optoacoustic real-time dosimetry for selective retina treatment},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   
   note = {005XJ
Times Cited:17
Cited References Count:37},
   abstract = {The selective retina treatment ( SRT ) targets retinal diseases associated with disorders in the retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE ). Due to the ophthalmoscopic invisibility of the laser- induced RPE effects, we investigate a noninvasive optoacoustic real- time dosimetry system. In vitro porcine RPE is irradiated with a Nd: YLF laser ( 527 nm, 1.7- mu s pulse duration, 5 to 40 mu J, 30 pulses, 100- Hz repetition rate). Generated acoustic transients are measured with a piezoelectric transducer. During 27 patient treatments, the acoustic transients are measured with a transducer embedded in an ophthalmic contact lens. After treatment, RPE damage is visualized by fluorescein angiographic leakage. Below the RPE damage threshold, the optoacoustic transients show no pulse- to- pulse fluctuations within a laser pulse train. Above threshold, fluctuations of the individual transients among each other are observed. If optoacoustic pulse- to- pulse fluctuations are present, RPE leakage is observed in fluorescein angiography. In 96% of the irradiated areas, RPE leakage correlated with the optoacoustic defined threshold value. A noninvasive optoacoustic real- time dosimetry for SRT is developed and proved in vitro and during patient treatment. It detects the ophthalmoscopically invisible laser- induced damage of RPE cells and overcomes practical limitations of SRT for use in private practice. (C) 2005 Society of Photo- Optical Instrumentation Engineers.},
   keywords = {selective retina treatment
optoacoustic dosimetry
real-time dosimetry
laser
retina
randomized clinical-trial
macular degeneration
diabetic-retinopathy
photocoagulation
nanosecond
eye
temperature
generation
liquids
regimen},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {Artn 064022
Doi 10.1117/1.2136327},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000234859400024},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C and Roider, J and Sachs, H G and Brinkmann, R and Gabel, V-P},
   title = {Noninvasive Imaging and Monitoring of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Patterns Using Fundus Autofluorescence - Review},
   journal = {Curr Med Imag Rev},
   volume = {1},
   pages = {89-103},
   year = {2005}
}

@article{Hayashi,
   author = {Kasahara, F and Yokoyama, T and Hayashi, Y and Kato, Y and Yamaguchi, M and Shiraki, K},
   title = {Postoperative results of distance stereoacuity in intermittent exotropia},
   journal = {Japanese Review of Clinical Ophthalmology},
   volume = {99},
   number = {3},
   pages = {246-249},
   year = {2005}
}

@Article{HU_2004_Helbing_a,
  Title                    = {{A fast photoswitch for minimally perturbed peptides: investigation of the trans-->cis photoisomerization of N-methylthioacetamide.}},
  Author                   = {Helbing, Jan and Bregy, Harald and Bredenbeck, Jens and Pfister, Rolf and Hamm, Peter and Huber, Robert and Wachtveitl, Josef and {De Vico}, Luca and Olivucci, Massimo},
  Journal                  = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
  Year                     = {2004},

  Month                    = jul,
  Number                   = {28},
  Pages                    = {8823--34},
  Volume                   = {126},

  Doi                      = {10.1021/ja049227a},
  ISSN                     = {0002-7863},
keywords = {AG-Huber},
  Url                      = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja049227a}
}

@article{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C and Schüle, G and Birngruber, R and Roider, J and Schütt, F and Kopitz, J and Holz, F and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Temperature dependent fluorescence of A2-E, the main fluorescent lipofuscin component in the RPE},
   journal = {Curr Eye Res},
   volume = {29},
   number = {4-5},
   pages = {287-291},
   year = {2004}
}

@article{Roegener,
   author = {Roegener, J and Brinkmann, R and Lin, C P},
   title = {Pump-probe detection of laser-induced microbubble formation in retinal pigment epithelium cells},
   journal = {J Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {9},
   number = {2},
   pages = {367-371},
   year = {2004}
}

@article{Hayashi,
   author = {Mori, H and Hayashi, Y},
   title = {Repair of leaking blebs using conunctiva and adjacent half-thickness cornea as free autografts.},
   journal = {Japanese Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology},
   volume = {58},
   number = {9},
   pages = {1695-1698},
   year = {2004}
}

@article{Roach2004,
   author = {Roach, W. P. and Cain, C. P. and Narayan, D. G. and Noojin, G. D. and Boppart, S. A. and Birngruber, R. and Fujimoto, J. G. and Toth, C. A.},
   title = {Retinal response of Macaca mulatta to picosecond laser pulses of varying energy and spot size},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {9},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1288-1296},
   note = {879DU
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:19},
   abstract = {We investigate the relationship between the laser beam at the retina (spot size) and the extent of retinal injury from single ultrashort laser pulses. From previous studies it is believed that the retinal effect of single 3-ps laser pulses should vary in extent and location, depending on the occurrence of laser-induced breakdown (LIB) at the site of laser delivery. Single 3-ps pulses of 580-nm laser energy are delivered over a range of spot sizes to the retina of Macaca mulatta. The retinal response is captured sequentially with optical coherence tomography (OCT). The in vivo OCT images and the extent of pathology on final microscopic sections of the laser site are compared. With delivery of a laser pulse with peak irradiance greater than that required for LIB, OCT and light micrographs demonstrate inner retinal injury with many intraretinal and/or vitreous hemorrhages. In contrast, broad outer retinal injury with minimal to no choriocapillaris effect is seen after delivery of laser pulses to a larger retinal area (60 to 300 mum diam) when peak irradiance is less than that required for LIB. The broader lesions extend into the inner retina when higher energy delivery produces intraretinal injury. Microscopic examination of stained fixed tissues provide better resolution of retinal morphology than OCT. OCT provides less resolution but could be guided over an in vivo, visible retinal lesion for repeated sampling over time during the evolution of the lesion formation. For 3-ps visible wavelength laser pulses, varying the spot size and laser energy directly affects the extent of retinal injury. This again is believed to be partly due to the onset of LIB, as seen in previous studies. Spot-size dependence should be considered when comparing studies of retinal effects or when pursuing a specific retinal effect from ultrashort laser pulses. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.},
   keywords = {histopathology
laser
laser-tissue interaction
ophthalmology
optical coherence tomography
retina
ultrashort laser pulses
wound healing
induced breakdown thresholds
optical coherence tomography
aqueous-media
1st-order model
lesions
damage
computation
injury},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {Doi 10.1117/1.1805554},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000225697400023},
   year = {2004},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Lankenau,
   author = {Lankenau, E. and Schumacher, M. and Koch, P. and König, F. and Daniltchenko, D. and Schmorr, D. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Dispersion compensation for proximal scanning rigid OCT endoscopes},
   booktitle = {SPIE Proc.},
   volume = {5316},
   pages = {172-177},
Year = { 2004},
URL = { https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/5316/0000/Dispersion-compensation-for-proximal-scanning-rigid-OCT-endoscopes/10.1117/12.531312.short}

}

@article{Kirsch2004,
   author = {Kirsch, C. and Schneider-Brachert, W. and Grossmann, D. and Ebert, S. and Schlichting, S. and Birngruber, R. and Morgner, A. and Madisch, A. and Stolte, M. and Lehn, N. and Miehlke, S.},
   title = {The efficacy of omeprazole/esomeprazole-based first-line and rescue therapies for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection is not affected by polymorphisms of cytochrome P450-2C19},
   journal = {Gastroenterology},
   volume = {126},
   number = {4},
   pages = {A189-A189},
   note = {Suppl. 2
813EK
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0016-5085},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000220890200944},
   year = {2004},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Ahlswede2004,
   author = {Ahlswede, W; Michels, S; Birngruber, R and Schmidt-Erfurth, U},
   title = {Three-dimensional imaging of photodynamic effects and spontaneous course in choroidal neovascularization},
   journal = {Ophthal},
   
   pages = {675-681},
   note = {842AB
Times Cited:2
Cited References Count:18},
   abstract = {Purpose. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces occlusive and regenerative effects in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and physiological choroid. The process of vascular alteration is documented quantitatively and qualitatively by three-dimensional angiography.
Method. In a prospective, randomized trial 30 patients with subfoveal CNV due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were treated with PDT or placebo. Fluorescence series with 32 tomographic images over a 4-mm depth were analyzed topographically and reproduced in a three-dimensional display.
Results. At initial presentation CNV lesions were documented as a well-defined prominence in all patients, In the verteporfin group CNV height continuously decreased with each interval. In the placebo group CNV slightly increased in height during the first 6 months and remained stable at about 90% of the initial prominence at long-term follow-up. After 12 months 44% of the patients in the verteporfin group developed an additional choroidal defect.
Conclusion. Three-dimensional angiography offers a reliable documentation of CNV progression and regression during PDT. A decrease in CNV size is associated with an increase in choroidal perfusion defects.},
   keywords = {photodynamic therapy
age-related macular degeneration
choroidal neovascularization
three-dimensional topographic angiography
green angiography
human eyes
therapy},
   ISSN = {0941-293X},
   DOI = {DOI 10.1007/s00347-003-0943-7},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000222973300003},
   year = {2004},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Koch-2004,
   author = {Koch, Peter and Huettmann, Gereon and Schleiermacher, Hansfrieder and Eicholz, Joerg and Koch, Edmund},
   title = {Linear OCT system with down conversion of the fringe pattern},
   editor = {Valery, V. Tuchin and Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {5316},
   pages = {260-267},
Year = { 2004},
URL = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.531323}

}

@inproceedings{Framme-2004,
   author = {Framme, C. and Alt, C. and Schnell, S. and Brinkmann, R. and Lin, C. P.},
   title = {Selektive RPE-Behandlung (SRT) durch Laserscanning eines CW- Lasers},
   booktitle = {102nd Congress Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft},
year = { 2004}

}

@article{Brinkmann2004,
   author = {Brinkmann, R; Poerksen, E; Elsner, H; Schuele, G; Theisen-Kunde, D, Roider, J. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {On-line dosimetry for selective retina treatment (SRT)},
   journal = {Invest Ophthal & VisScie},
  
   pages = {U763-U763},
   note = {Suppl. 1
846TA
2032
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000223338001991},
   year = {2004},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@misc{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C. and Schule, G. and Roider, J. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Online autofluorescence measurements during selective RPE laser treatment},
   volume = {242},
   number = {10},
   pages = {863-9},
   month = {Oct},
   note = {0721-832X (Print)
Journal Article},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fundus autofluorescence (AF) is derived from the lipofuscin contained by the retinal pigment epithelial cells. Using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope, two-dimensional AF measurements of the ocular fundus can be achieved. Directly after conventional photocoagulation and also after selective RPE laser treatment (SRT) with ophthalmoscopically non-visible laser lesions, irradiated areas reveal reduced AF, indicating RPE damage. Since the green treatment laser beam could also be used for AF excitation, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether absolute measurements of AF can be performed, and also possible changes in AF detected, online during SRT. METHODS: SRT was carried out by use of a frequency-doubled Nd:YLF laser (wavelength 527 nm, pulse duration 1.7 micros, repetition rate 500 and 100 Hz, number of pulses 100 and 30, single pulse energy 50-130 microJ) in vitro (porcine RPE; retinal spot size 160 microm) and during patient treatment (retinal spot size 176 microm). During irradiation, fluorescence light from the RPE was decoupled from the laser light inside the slit lamp and detected by a photomultiplier or photodiode at wavelengths above 550 nm. Additionally, temperature-dependent fluorescence intensity measurements of A2-E, the main fluorescent component of lipofuscin, were performed in a different in-vitro setup. RESULTS: The intensity of AF decreased over the number of applied pulses during laser irradiation, and this trend was more pronounced in porcine RPE samples than during human treatment. In vitro, the AF intensity decreased by about 22%; however, only a weak signal was detected. When treating patients, the AF intensity was strong and the rate of decay of fluorescence intensity with number of pulses was greater when irradiating at 500 Hz than at the 100 Hz repetition rate. However, for both repetition rates the AF decay was merely up to 6-8% over the number of pulses per laser spot. Fluorescence intensity of A2-E decreased linearly with increasing temperature at about 1% per 1 degrees C and was completely reversible. CONCLUSIONS: Online measurements of AF during selective RPE laser treatment are possible and reveal a decay in AF as a function of the number of laser pulses applied to the RPE. If A2-E results can be transferred to RPE fluorescence, the AF decay could be related to the temperature increase within the tissue during treatment. Further clinical studies-in SRT as well as in conventional laser photocoagulation-might be able to show online AF changes on different areas of the retina and on different pathologies. Due to the temperature dependence of the fluorescence, on-line AF measurements during laser treatments such as photocoagulation or TTT may be able to be used as a real-time method for temperature monitoring.},
   keywords = {Animals
Diabetic Retinopathy/*surgery
*Fluorescence
Humans
*Laser Coagulation
Lasers/diagnostic use
Lipofuscin/*metabolism
Ophthalmoscopy/methods
Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*metabolism/surgery
Swine},
   year = {2004}
}

@article{Rau,
   author = {Rau, K.R. and Vogel, A. and Venugopalan, V.},
   title = {Investigation of laser-induced cell lysis using time-resolved imaging},
   journal = {Appl Phys Lett},
   volume = {84},
   number = {15},
   pages = {2940-2942},
   year = {2004}
}

@article{Klatt2004,
   author = {Klatt, C. and Bunse, A. and Elsner, H. and Poerksen, E. and Theisen, D. and Brinkman, R. and Hamilton, P. and Birngruber, R. and Laqua, H. and Roider, J.},
   title = {OCT-findings in patients treated with Selective-RPE-laser-treatment (SRT)},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {45},
   pages = {U366-U366},
   note = {Suppl. 2
846TC
4091
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000223338201285},
   year = {2004},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Framme2004,
   author = {Framme, C. and Flucke, B. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Comparison of reduced and standard light application in photodynamic treatment in two rabbit models},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {45},
   pages = {U81-U81},
   note = {Suppl. 2
846TC
3189
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000223338200390},
   year = {2004},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Brendel,
   author = {Brendel, T and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Mid-IR laser induced superheating of water and its quantification by an optical temperature probe},
   journal = {Appl Optics},
   volume = {43},
   number = {9},
   pages = {1856-1862},
   year = {2004}
}

@article{Löning,
   author = {Löning, M. and Diddens, H. and W, Küpker and Diedrich, K. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Laparoscopic Fluorescence Detection of Ovarian Carcinoma Metastases Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Protoporphyrin IX},
   journal = {CANCER},
   volume = {100},
   number = {8},
   year = {2004}
}

@article{Framme,
   author = {Framme, C. and Schuele, G. and Roider, J. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Influence of pulse duration and pulse number in selective RPE laser treatment},
   journal = {Lasers Surg Med},
   volume = {34},
   number = {3},
   pages = {206-15},
   note = {0196-8092 (Print)
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The therapeutic effect of laser treatment for macular diseases is related to the damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the subsequent restoration of the defect due to RPE proliferation. In contrast to conventional laser treatment, it is possible to damage the RPE selectively and to spare the photoreceptors by using repetitive microsecond laser pulses. It was the aim of the study to investigate the influence of pulse duration and number of pulses on angiographically and ophthalmoscopically visible retinal damage thresholds in order to optimize treatment modalities. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 625 laser lesions with various parameters were applied to the retina in 11 eyes of 6 Chinchilla breed rabbits using an experimental laser system (Nd:YLF at 527 nm). Pulse duration (1.7 microseconds and 200 nanoseconds) and number of pulses (100, 10, and 1 pulses) were varied at a constant repetition rate of 100 Hz. Damage thresholds were determined in terms of ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic visibility, and the therapeutic window (TW; angiographic ED(50) vs. ophthalmoscopic ED(50)) as well as the safety range (SR; angiographic ED(84) vs. ophthalmoscopic ED(16)) between both thresholds were calculated. Selected laser lesions were evaluated by histology. RESULTS: Generally, the ED(50) radiant exposure for angiographic visibility decreases for shorter laser pulses and with an increase in the number of pulses. The TW for both pulse durations (1.7 microseconds and 200 nanoseconds) was wider with 100 pulses than with single pulses. The widest TW was found for 100 pulses at 200 nanoseconds pulse duration (5.9-fold above the angiographic threshold), and the smallest TW with a factor of 1.6 was found for 1.7 microseconds single pulses. In terms of SR, only irradiation with 100 pulses at 200 nanoseconds pulse duration was associated with a ratio >2. Independently of pulse duration, histological examination of laser sites 1 hour after irradiation revealed widely intact photoreceptors, while the underlying RPE was damaged. CONCLUSIONS: Pulse duration and number of pulses have a significant influence on RPE damage thresholds and consecutively on TW and SR. Because fundus pigmentation in humans may vary intra- and interindividually by a factor of 2, a large TW and ideally also a large SR should be ensured in a clinical treatment context. In rabbits, the safety range with 200 nanoseconds pulses is higher than with the pulse duration of 1.7 microseconds currently in clinical use. These findings suggest the need for clinical pilot studies to prove whether these results can be transposed to the situation in humans.},
   keywords = {Animals
*Laser Coagulation/adverse effects
Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*injuries
Rabbits
Time Factors},
   year = {2004}
}

@inbook{Daniltchenko,
   author = {Daniltchenko, D. and Lankenau, E. and König, F. and Shay, B. and Hüttmann, G. and Sachs, M.D. and Schnorr, D.},
   title = {In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography in Endoscopic Diagnosis of Bladder Disease},
   booktitle = {Clinical technoligies and systems},
   editor = {Vo-Dinh, Tuan},
   publisher = {Proc Soc Photo-Opt Instrum Eng, SPIE 2004},
   volume = {5316},
   pages = {473-478},
   year = {2004}
}

@misc{Kracht,
   author = {Kracht, D. and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Green Q-switched microsecond laser pulses by overcoulped intracavity second harmonic generation},
   volume = {231},
   pages = {319-324},
   year = {2004}
}

@article{Ahlers2004,
   author = {Ahlers, C; Michels, S; Birngruber, R and Schmidt-Erfurth, U},
   title = {Differentiation of lesion types in exsudative age-related macular degeneration using current imaging methods},
   journal = {Invest Ophthal & VisScie} {45},
   
   pages = {U61-U61},
   note = {Suppl. 2
846TC
3071
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000223338200273},
   year = {2004},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Ahlers2004,
   author = {Ahlers, C. and Michels, S. and Birngruber, R. and Schmidt-Erfurth, U.},
   title = {Differentiation of lesion types in exsudative age-related macular degeneration using current imaging methods},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {45},
   pages = {U61-U61},
   note = {Suppl. 2
846TC
3071
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000223338200273},
   year = {2004},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Porksen2004,
   author = {Porksen, E. and Elsner, H. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Brinkmann, R. and Klatt, C. and Bunse, A. and Hamilton, P. and Birngruber, R. and Lagua, H. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Clinical application of optoacoustic on-line dosimetry in Selective-RPE-laser-treatment (SRT)},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {45},
   pages = {U363-U363},
   note = {Suppl. 2
846TC
4074
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000223338201270},
   year = {2004},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Schüle,
   author = {Schüle, G. and Framme, C. and Roider, J. and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Noninvasive optoacoustic temperature determination at the fundus of the eye during laser irradiation},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {9},
   number = {1},
   pages = {173-179},
   year = {2004}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.506722,
author = {Robert Huber and Jacques E. Moser and Michael Gratzel and Josef L. Wachtveitl},
title = {{Beyond vibrationally mediated electron transfer: interfacial charge injection on a sub-10-fs time scale}},
volume = {5223},
booktitle = {Physical Chemistry of Interfaces and Nanomaterials II},
editor = {Tianquan Lian and Hai-Lung Dai},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {121 -- 131},
abstract = {The electron transfer (ET) from organic dye molecules to semiconductor-colloidal systems is characterized by a special energetic situation with a charge transfer reaction from a system of discrete donor levels to a continuum of acceptor states. If these systems show a strong electronic coupling they are amongst the fastest known ET systems with transfer times of less than 10 fs. In the first part a detailed discussion of the direct observation of an ET reaction with a time constant of about 6 fs will be given, with an accompanying argumentation concerning possible artifacts or other interfering signal contributions. In a second part we will try to give a simple picture for the scenario of such superfast ET reactions and one main focus will be the discussion of electronic dephasing and its consequences for the ET reaction. The actual ET process can be understood as a kind of dispersion process of the initially located electron into the colloid representing a real motion of charge density from the alizarin to the colloid.},
keywords = {electron transfer, ultrafast, femtosecond, dye, semiconductor, titanium dioxide},
year = {2003},
doi = {10.1117/12.506722},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.506722}
}

@article{Vogel,
   author = {Vogel, A. and Venugopalan, V.},
   title = {Additions and Corrections},
   journal = {Chemical Reviews},
   volume = {103},
   number = {5},
   pages = {2079},
   year = {2003}
}

@article{Teschner2003,
   author = {Teschner, S. and Noack, J. and Birngruber, R. and Schmidt-Erfurth, U.},
   title = {Characterization of leakage activity in exudative chorioretinal disease with three-dimensional confocal angiography},
   journal = {Ophthalmology},
   volume = {110},
   number = {4},
   pages = {687-697},
   note = {673EE
Times Cited:8
Cited References Count:30},
   abstract = {Purpose: A novel angiographic technique providing topographic imaging of chorioretinal fluorescence is applied to the characterization of leakage dynamics in exudative chorioretinopathy. The three-dimensional imaging is evaluated with respect to results with conventional two-dimensional fluorescence angiography.
Design: Prospective observational case series.
Participants: Thirty eyes of 30 patients with different exudative maculopathies (pigment epithelium detachment, branch retinal vein occlusion, central serous chorioretinopathy, each n = 10) and 11 eyes of 10 patients with clinically normal appearance.
Methods: Depth-resolved fluorescence angiography using a confocal scanning laser system was performed after complete ophthalmologic examination. The axial distribution of fluorescein and indocyanine green fluorescence at each x/y position within a tomographic scan of 32 images was analyzed. The chorioretinal fluorescence topography was reconstructed by localizing a defined threshold value of fluorescence and displayed as topographic relief. Qualitative description and quantitative measurements of exudation or structural alterations were performed topographically and conventionally.
Main Outcome Measures. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of structural or exudative changes in time course in topographic illustration compared with conventional angiography.
Results: Clinically physiologic eyes were presented topographically as a smooth concave surface of fluorescence with defined illustration of retinal vascular structures and the optic disc. Retinal vascular pathologic conditions induce a precisely demarcated pattern of intraretinal edema with a characteristic temporal evolution. In central serous retinopathy the underlying pathologic condition was identified as a perfusion defect, which was subsequently filled with a peak of exudation with differences in the time of maximum in fluorescein/indocyanine green angiography. Pigment epithelium detachment appeared as a high and well defined elevation, with the origin of exudation within the base of the detachment. Differences in the time of maximum prominence were found in indocyanine green angiography within the pigment epithelium detachment group.
Conclusions: Confocal topographic angiography allows for the first time precise three-dimensional functional imaging of fundus alterations caused by leakage or barrier dysfunction. Compared with conventional angiography, depth-resolved angiographic imaging is less impaired by masking phenomena or low fluorescence intensity, which improves the diagnostic yield of angiography. The characterization and quantification of leakage activity is a promising tool in the assessment of exudative maculopathy. (C) 2003 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.},
   keywords = {indocyanine green angiography
scanning laser ophthalmoscope
central serous chorioretinopathy
choroidal neovascularization
macular degeneration
topographic angiography
retinal thickness
fluorescein
videoangiography
tomography},
   ISSN = {0161-6420},
   DOI = {Doi 10.1016/S6420(02)01972-3},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000182566600026},
   year = {2003},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Hüttmann2003,
   author = {Huettmann, Gereon and Radt, Benno and Serbin, Jesper and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Inactivation of proteins by irradiation of gold nanoparticles with nano- and picosecond laser pulses},
   editor = {Rudolf, W. Steiner},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {5142},
   pages = {88-95},
URL = { https://doi.org/10.1364/ECBO.2003.5142_88},
year = { 2003}
}

@inproceedings{Vogel-2003,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred and Venugopalan, Vasan},
   title = {Kinetics of phase transitions in pulsed IR laser ablation of biological tissues},
   editor = {Steven, L. Jacques and Donald, D. Duncan and Sean, J. Kirkpatrick and Andres, Kriete},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {4961},
   pages = {66-74},
year = { 2003}
}

@inproceedings{Apitz-2003,
   author = {Apitz, Ingo and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Material ejection in Q-switched Er:YAG laser ablation of water, liver, and skin},
   editor = {Steven, L. Jacques and Donald, D. Duncan and Sean, J. Kirkpatrick and Andres, Kriete},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {4961},
   pages = {48-59},
URL = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.477707},
year = { 2003}
}

@article{Diddens,
   author = {Diddens, H. and Fischer, F. and Pottier, R. H.},
   title = {In-vivo investigations on dye-enhanced photothermal tumor therapy with a naphthalocyanine derivative},
   journal = {Oftalmologia},
   volume = {56},
   number = {1},
   pages = {59-61},
   note = {Diddens, Heyke
Fischer, Frank
Pottier, Roy H
Romania
Bucharest, Romania : 1990
Oftalmologia. 2003;56(1):59-61.},
   abstract = {Chromophore-enhanced photothermal therapy involves the application of an exogenous chromophore in combination with irradiation, using an appropriate wavelength, exposure duration and sufficient irradiances. The chromophore palladium(II) octabutoxynaphthalocyanine (PdNc(OBu)8) accumulates at satisfactory concentrations and with good selectivity between both tumor and muscle and tumor and skin in tumor-bearing mice. In an attempt to thermally damage tumor tissue with concurrent sparing of adjacent normal tissue, the potential of PdNc(OBu)8 for photothermal therapy was investigated. Using a Balb/c mouse model with subcutaneously implanted EMT6 adenocarcinoma, 90-100 hours after intraperitoneal application of PdNc(OBu)8, the tumor and surrounding tissue were irradiated with a 826nm continuous-wave diode laser. The thermal effects on tumor and normal tissue were evaluated histologically. Our results indicate that after PdNc(OBu)8 administration and tumor irradiation using 5W/cm-for 100 seconds, pronounced selective heating of the tumor was achieved in mice, while in control animals merely an unspecific and marginal overall increase in temperature over the entire irradiation area was observed. Histological evaluation of treated areas indicated that the PdNc(OBu)8-targeted tumor tissue showed severe thermal damage while peripheral tissue like skin and muscle remained largely unaffected. This study shows the potential of creating localized thermal effects by using PdNc(OBu)8 and continuous-wave light for chromophore-enhanced photothermal therapy.},
   keywords = {Adenocarcinoma/*therapy
Animals
Disease Models, Animal
Female
Hindlimb
Lasers
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Organometallic Compounds/*therapeutic use
Photochemotherapy/*methods
Soft Tissue Neoplasms/*therapy
Treatment Outcome},
   year = {2003}
}

@article{Brinkmann2003,
   author = {Brinkmann, R. and Koop, N. and Ozdemir, M. and Alt, C. and Schule, G. and Lin, C. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Targeting of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by means of a rapidly scanned continuous wave (CW) laser beam},
   journal = {Lasers Surg Med},
   volume = {32(4)},
  year = { 2003},
url = { https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lsm.10150},
   pages = {252-64},
   note = {0196-8092 (Print)}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{1314015,
  author={Huber, R. and Moser, J.E. and Grutzet, M. and Wachtveitl, J.},
  booktitle={2003 European Quantum Electronics Conference. EQEC 2003 (IEEE Cat No.03TH8665)}, 
  title={Beyond vibrationally mediated electron transfer: coherent phenomena in a sub-10-femtosecond reaction regime}, 
  year={2003},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={158-},
  abstract={This study investigates the systems alizarin as well as coumarin 343 coupled onto TiO/sub 2/ nanoparticles with a femtosecond pump/probe setup. The investigation applies sub 20 fs pump pulses, provided by a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) and a supercontinuum generated in CaF/sub 2/ for a ultrabroadband detection covering a spectral range from 300-960 nm. This work also studies coherent wavepacket propagation succeeding electron transfer at the two systems alizarin/coumarin on TiO/sub 2/. Due to the superfast time scale of the investigated electron transfer (ET) reactions of about 4-7 fs the systems show fundamental differences to conventional molecular ET systems. The ET process is no longer mediated by molecular vibrations and therefore classical molecular ET theories lose their applicability. Results show the real-time coherent excitation of molecular vibrational eigenmodes directly by the ET reaction as well as the generation of phonons during polaron formation in the TiO/sub 2/ lattice. The presented investigations in combination with the classification of the appearing mechanisms could be the basis for an extension of molecular ET theories to superfast systems typically found at molecule/solid state interfaces.},
  keywords={},
  doi={10.1109/EQEC.2003.1314015},
  ISSN={},
  month={June},}

@article{Miura2003,
   author = {Miura, Y. and Yanagihara, N. and Imamura, H. and Kaida, M. and Moriwaki, M. and Shiraki, K. and Miki, T.},
   title = {Hepatocyte growth factor stimulates proliferation and migration during wound healing of retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro},
   journal = {Jpn J Ophthalmol},
   volume = {47},
   number = {3},
   pages = {268-75},
   note = {Miura, Yoko
Yanagihara, Nobuyo
Imamura, Hitoshi
Kaida, Mayumi
Moriwaki, Mitsuyasu
Shiraki, Kunihiko
Miki, Tokuhiko
eng
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
2003/06/05 05:00
Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2003 May-Jun;47(3):268-75.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: A defect in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells may cause dysfunction of the neural retina, so rapid recovery of differentiated RPE cells is required after RPE injury. We investigated the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on wound healing in RPE cells. METHODS: Confluent monolayers of bovine RPE cells were denuded, and the cells were allowed to recover in the presence or absence of HGF. The effect of HGF on RPE cell proliferation was evaluated by a 3-(4;5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tet raz olium assay. In a migration assay, mitomycin C was used to inhibit proliferation, and the number of migrated cells was counted. The signaling pathways involved were examined using inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase and protein kinase C pathways. RESULTS: At 80 ng/mL, HGF stimulated the wound closure of RPE monolayers and rendered the restituted cells more epithelioid in shape. HGF at 10 ng/mL stimulated RPE cell migration the most, whereas 80 ng/mL of HGF inhibited migration, but stimulated proliferation the most. In particular, PI3 kinase and MAPK inhibitor inhibited PRE cell migration and proliferation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: HGF stimulated wound closure in cultured RPE cells, and rendered restituted cells epithelioid in shape. HGF may become a therapeutic candidate for RPE wound healing.},
   keywords = {Animals
Cattle
Cell Count
Cell Division/*drug effects
Cell Movement/*drug effects
Cells, Cultured
Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
Hepatocyte Growth Factor/*pharmacology
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*cytology/physiology
Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
Signal Transduction
Wound Healing/*drug effects},
   year = {2003}
}

@article{Vogel,
   author = {Vogel, A. and Venugopalan, V.},
   title = {Mechanisms of Pulsed Laser Ablation of Biological Tissues},
   journal = {Chem. Rev.},
   volume = {103},
   pages = {577-644},
   year = {2003}
}

@inbook{Roider,
   author = {Roider, J. and Brinkmann, R. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Selective retinal pigment epithelium laser treatment -   Theoretical and clinical aspects},
   booktitle = {Lasers in Ophthalmology - Basic, Diagnostic and Surgical Aspects},
   editor = {Fankhauser, F. and Kwasniewska, S.},
   publisher = {Kugler Publications, The Hague, The Netherlands},
   pages = {119-129},
   year = {2003}
}

@article{Framme2003,
   author = {Framme, C. and Alt, C. and Schuele, G. and Brinkmann, R. and Birngruber, R. and Lin, C.},
   title = {Threshold determinations for selective RPE laser treatment with a laser scanner in rabbits with different scan times in the microsecond regime},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {44},
   pages = {U663-U663},
   note = {Suppl. 2
709CK
4865
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000184607002325},
   year = {2003},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inbook{Vogel,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Mechanism of short-pulsed plasma-mediated laser ablation and disruption},
   booktitle = {Lasers in Ophthalmology - Basic, Diagnostic and Surgical Aspects},
   editor = {Frankenhauser, F. and Kwasniewska, S.},
   publisher = {Kugler Publications, The Hague, The Netherlands},
   pages = {pp. 99-113},
   year = {2003}
}

@article{Niemeyer2003,
   author = {Niemeyer, M. and Michels, S. and Birngruber, R. and Schmidt-Erfurth, U.},
   title = {Three-dimensional imaging of photodynamic effects in choroidal neovascularization and collateral choroid},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {44},
   pages = {U297-U297},
   note = {Suppl. 1
709CH
1098
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000184606801048},
   year = {2003},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Löning,
   author = {Löning, M. and Lankenau, E. and Strunck, C. and Krokowski, M. and Hillbricht, S. and Diedrich, K. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Optische Kohärenztomographie - ein neues hochauflösendes Schnittbildverfahren als Ergänzung zur Kolposkopie},
   journal = {Geburtsh Frauenheilk},
   volume = {63},
   pages = {1158-1161},
   year = {2003}
}

@article{Hoerauf,
    title        = {[Retinal photoablation with the Erbium:YAG laser. Initial experimental results for traction-free removal of tissue]},
    author       = {Hoerauf, H. and Brix, A. and Scholz, C. and Winkler, J. and Droge, G. and Birngruber, R. and Vogel, A. and Laqua, H.},
    year         = {2003},
    month        = {Feb},
    journal      = {Ophthalmologe},
    volume       = 100,
    number       = 2,
    pages        = {115--21},
    url          = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-002-0722-x},
    note         = {0941-293X (Print) Comparative Study English Abstract Journal Article},
    abstract     = {BACKGROUND: To investigate the potential of an Er:YAG laser for precise and traction-free removal of retinal layers in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retinal ablation in porcine retinal explants was performed using a free running Er:YAG laser focused either into a low-OH quartz fiber or a sapphire fiber. The explants were treated under air or perfluorodecaline (PFD). The ablation depth was evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histology sections. RESULTS: A radiant exposure of 5.0 J/cm(2) under air and PFD resulted in complete transsection of the neurosensory retina.Between 3.5 and 2.0 J/cm(2) the ablation depth and the defect patterns varied markedly and adjacent thermal zones areas were seen. Below 2.0 J/cm(2) no defects could be created in air, whereas under PFD the ablation extended into the ganglion cell layer. Ablations using a sapphire fiber and 2.0 J/cm(2) showed a significantly higher reproducibility of ablation depth, and homogeneous defect patterns limited to the nerve fiber layer could be produced without thermal damage. CONCLUSIONS: The Er:YAG laser system with a low-OH quartz fiber allowed ablation of inner retinal layers in vitro, but revealed a variable ablation depth and low reproducibility.However, a sapphire fiber showed markedly improved results. Therefore its use during vitreoretinal surgery seems possible not only as a cutting device but also as a tool for the ablation of fine retinal structures.},
    keywords     = {Animals Erbium Fluorocarbons Laser Surgery/*methods *Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures Retina/anatomy & histology/*surgery Swine}
}

@article{HUBER200239,
title = {Observation of photoinduced electron transfer in dye/semiconductor colloidal systems with different coupling strengths},
journal = {Chemical Physics},
volume = {285},
number = {1},
pages = {39-45},
year = {2002},
note = {Unconventional Photoactive Systems},
issn = {0301-0104},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0104(02)00687-0},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301010402006870},
author = {Robert Huber and Jacques E Moser and Michael Grätzel and Josef Wachtveitl},
abstract = {Investigations on the ultrafast electron injection and recombination mechanism from the dyes alizarin and coumarin 343 to wide band gap semiconductor colloids in solution are presented, combined with detailed studies on population, depopulation and relaxation phenomena. We discuss transient absorption measurements on time scales from 100 fs to >1 ns throughout the visible spectral range (350–650 nm), allowing the simultaneous time resolved observation of signals assigned to ground state, cation and injected electron in the conduction band of the semiconductor. Analysis of transient absorption changes in the near UV region, where cation absorption is dominant, allows unambiguous assignment of the various kinetic components. This facilitates the distinction between the different contributions of the various absorbing species also in the congested visible spectral range. Comparison between the two dyes with respect to their different electron transfer parameters provides a direct way to analyze the influence of the electronic coupling element V on the injection and recombination process. Detailed inspection of the decay related spectra for both samples yields information on the environmental response succeeding the cation formation.}
}

@PhdThesis{HU_2002_Huber_c,
  Title = {{Elektronentransfer an Farbstoff-Halbleiter-Grenzfl\"{a}chen}},
  Author = {Huber, Robert},
  School = {Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"{a}t M\"{u}nchen},
  Year = {2002},
  keywords = {AG-Huber},
  Publisher = {Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\"{a}t M\"{u}nchen},
  Url = {http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/93/1/Huber_Robert.pdf}
}

@Article{HU_2002_Huber_a,
  Title                    = {{Real-Time Observation of Photoinduced Adiabatic Electron Transfer in Strongly Coupled Dye/Semiconductor Colloidal Systems with a 6 fs Time Constant}},
  Author                   = {Huber, Robert and Moser, Jacques-E. and Gr\"{a}tzel, Michael and Wachtveitl, Josef},
  Journal                  = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry B},
  Year                     = {2002},

  Month                    = jun,
  Number                   = {25},
  Pages                    = {6494--6499},
  Volume                   = {106},
keywords = {AG-Huber},

  Doi                      = {10.1021/jp0155819},
  ISSN                     = {1520-6106},
  Url                      = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp0155819}
}

@inproceedings{Huber:02,
author = {Robert Huber and Jacques E. Moser and Michael Gr\"{a}tzel and Josef Wachtveitl},
booktitle = {The Thirteenth International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena},
journal = {The Thirteenth International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena},
keywords = {Spectroscopy, surface; Femtosecond phenomena; Molecules; Pump probe spectroscopy; Semiconductors; Solar energy; Temporal resolution; Titanium dioxide},
pages = {ThC5},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Photoinduced electron transfer in dye/semiconductor systems on a sub-10-fs time scale},
year = {2002},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=UP-2002-ThC5},
doi = {10.1364/UP.2002.ThC5},
abstract = {Pump-probe investigation of alizarin adsorbed on the surface of TiO2 colloids reveals a 6 femtosecond electron transfer from the dye molecule to the semiconductor surface, allowing to identify the key factors for this ultrafast electron transfer.},
}

@article{Nahen,
   author = {Nahen, K. and Vogel, A.},
   title = {Plume dynamics and shielding by the ablation plume during Er:YAG laser ablation},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {7},
   number = {2},
   pages = {165-178},
   year = {2002}
}

@misc{Hüttmann,
   author = {Hüttmann, G and Houserek, S. and Diddens, H. and Hendrich, C.},
   title = {Photodynamische Therapie in der Orthopädie},
   pages = {344-352},
   year = {2002}
}

@article{Venogupalan,
   author = {Venugopalan, V. and Guerra, A. and Nahen, K. and Vogel, A.},
   title = {Role of Laser-Induced Plasma Formation in Pulsed Cellular Microsurgery and Micromanipulation},
   journal = {Phys Rev Let},
   volume = {88},
   number = {7},
   pages = {078103 (1-4)},
   year = {2002}
}

@article{Brix2002,
   author = {Brix, A and Vogel, A and Winkler, J and Dröge, G and Birngruber, R and Laqua, H and Hoerauf, H},
   title = {Photoablation innerer Netzhautschichten mit dem Erbium: YAG-Laser in vitro},
   journal = {Focus Mul / Medizinische Universität <Lübeck>},
   volume = {19},
   number = {1},
   pages = {35},
   ISSN = {0940-9998},
   url = {http://www.zbmed.de/ccmedimages/2002/24278.pdf},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Wirbelauer2002,
   author = {Wirbelauer, C. and Scholz, C. and Hoerauf, H. and Pham, D. T. and Laqua, H. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Noncontact corneal pachymetry with slit lamp-adapted optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {American Journal of Ophthalmology},
   volume = {133},
   number = {4},
   pages = {444-450},
   note = {538DE
Times Cited:73
Cited References Count:35},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy, the reproducibility, and the limits of agreement of noncontact central corneal thickness measurement with slit lamp adapted optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN: Nonrandomized comparative clinical trial.
METHODS: In a prospective comparative observational study, a total of 108 consecutive patients ( 108 eyes) with normal corneas (92 eyes) and different corneal alters ations (16 eyes) participated. Six sequential measure. ments of the central corneal thickness with slit lamp-adapted OCT and with ultrasound (US) pachymetry at 1640 ms(-1) were performed. The main outcome measures were accuracy, reproducibility assessed with precision and coefficient of variation (CV), and limits of agreement of central corneal thickness measurement.
RESULTS: The mean central corneal thickness values were 541 +/- 43 mum (OCT) and 549 +/- 44 mum (US) with a mean precision of +/- 5.8 mum (CV 1.08%) and of +/- 4.0 mum (CV 0.73%), respectively. The method comparison revealed equivalence (+/- 2SD) in the 5% range with a mean difference between both methods of 7.9 mum (1-45%). The relative error was 8.7 mum (1.6%), which corresponded to limits of agreement (+/- 2SD) ranging from -9.5 mum to 25.3 mum.
CONCLUSIONS: Central corneal pachymetry with slit lamp,adapted OCT revealed, for clinical purposes, an excellent accuracy and reproducibility with a high degree of agreement compared with US pachymetry. Thus, the presented OCT system seems to be a promising diagnostic modality to objectively measure corneal thickness in a convenient noncontact mode. (C) 2002 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.},
   keywords = {in-situ keratomileusis
anterior segment
human-eye
thickness
interferometry
regression
precision},
   ISSN = {0002-9394},
   DOI = {Pii S0002-9394(01)01425-8
Doi 10.1016/S0002-9394(01)01425-8},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000174798200002},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Miura2002,
   author = {Y, Miura and T, Yokoyma and H, Tabuchi and M, Yamaguchi and N, Hosoda and Y, Miyata},
   title = {Long-term outcome of juvenile-onset myasthenia ocularis treated by systemic corticosteroid. Japanese review of clinical ophthalmology. },
   journal = {Japanese Review of Clinical Ophthalmology},
   volume = {96},
   number = {11},
   pages = {1133-1135},
   year = {2002}
}

@article{Hüttmann2002,
   author = {Hüttmann, G. and Radt, B. and Serbin, J. and Lange,  Björn I. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {High Precision Cell Surgery with Nanoparticles?},
   journal = {Med Laser Appl},
   volume = {17},
   pages = {9-14},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Vogel, 
   author = {Vogel, A. and Noack, J. and Hüttmann, G. and Paltauf, G.},
   title = {Femtosecond-laser-produced low-density plasmas in transparent biological media: A tool for the creation of chemical, thermal and thermomechanical effets below the optical brekdown threshold},
   journal = {Proc. SPIE "Commercial and Biological Applications of Ultrafast Lasers IV"},
   volume = {4633},
   pages = {23-37},
   year = {2002}
}

@article{Brinkmann2002,
   author = {Nahrendorf, M;Hiller, K H;Theisen, D;Hu, K;Waller, C;Kaiser, R;Haase, A;Ertl, G;Brinkmann, R and Bauer, WR},
   title = {Effect of transmyocardial laser revascularization on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats},
   journal = {Radiology},
   volume = {225},
   number = {2(487-493)},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2252011325},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Brinkmann2002,
   author = {Brinkmann, R  and Koop, N and Özdemir, M  and Alt, C and Schüle, G and Lin, C P and Birngruber, R},
   title = {Selective damage of pigmented cells by means of a rapidly scanned cw laser beam},
   journal = {Proc SPIE},
   volume = {4617},
   pages = {134-140},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Schmidt-Erfurth2002,
   author = {Schmidt-Erfurth, U. M. and Ahlswede, W. and Michels, S. and Birngruber, R. and Laqua, H.},
   title = {Three-dimensional analysis of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced vascular effects in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and choroid: A two year follow-up},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {43},
   pages = {U1143-U1143},
   note = {Suppl. 2
709CG
3978
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000184606701132},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Brinkmann2002,
   author = {Brinkmann, R. and Koop, N. and Oezdemir, M. and Alt, C. and Schuele, G. and Lin, C. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Selective RPE damage by means of a rapidly scanned cw laser beam},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {43},
   pages = {U595-U595},
   note = {Suppl. 1
709CF
2535
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000184606602467},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Brujan2002,
   author = {Brujan, EA. and Keen, G.S. and Vogel, A. and Blake, J.R.},
   title = {The final stage of the collapse of a cavitation bubble close to a rigid boundary},
   journal = {Phys Fluids},
   volume = {14},
   pages = {85-92},
   year = {2002}
}

@article{Framme2002,
   author = {Framme, C. and Brinkmann, R. and Birngruber, R. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Autofluorescence imaging after selective RPE laser treatment in macular diseases and clinical outcome: a pilot study},
   journal = {British Journal of Ophthalmology},
   volume = {86},
   number = {10},
   pages = {1099-1106},
   note = {595YE
Times Cited:47
Cited References Count:35},
   abstract = {Aim: Selective retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) laser treatment is a new technique which selectively damages the RPE while sparing the neural retina. One difficulty is the inability to visualise the laser lesions, The aim of the study was to investigate whether fundus autofluorescence (AF) is changed because of the RPE damage, and thus might be used for treatment control. Additionally, the clinical course of patients with various macular diseases was evaluated.
Methods: 26 patients with macular diseases (diabetic maculopathy (DMP), soft drusen maculopathy (AMD), and central serous retinopathy (CSR)) were treated and followed up for at least 6 months. Treatment was performed with a train of repetitive short laser pulses (800 ns) of a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser (parameters: 532 nm, 50 and 500 pulses at 100 and 500 Hz, retinal spot diameter 200 pm, pulse energies 75-175 muJ). AF was excited by 488 nm and detected by a barrier filter at 500 nm (HRA, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). Patients were examined by ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, and autofluorescence measurements at various times after treatment (10 minutes, 1 hour, 1 and 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months).
Results: Fluorescein angiography showed leakage from the irradiated areas for about I week after treatment. None of the laser lesions was ophthalmoscopically visible during treatment. Identification of the lesions was possible by AF imaging showing an intensity decay in the irradiated area in 22 out of 26 patients, predominantly in patients with CSR and AMD. Lesions could be identified 10 minutes after treatment as hypoautofluorescent spots, which were more pronounced I hour later. During follow up the laser spots became hyperautofluorescent. In patients with DMP some AF images were less helpful because of diffuse oedema and larger retinal thickness. In these cases ICG angiography was able to confirm therapeutic success very well. Most of the patients have had benefit from the treatment, with best results obtained for CSR patients.
Conclusion: Imaging of non-visible selective RPE laser effects can be achieved by AF measurements predominantly in patients without retinal oedema. Therefore, AF may replace invasive fluorescein angiography in many cases to verify therapeutic laser success, Selective laser treatment has the potential to improve the prognosis of macular diseases without the risk of laser scotomas.},
   keywords = {retinal-pigment epithelium
primate retina
fundus autofluorescence
scanning ophthalmoscope
photocoagulation
lipofuscin
krypton
fluorescence
melanin
lesions},
   ISSN = {0007-1161},
   DOI = {DOI 10.1136/bjo.86.10.1099},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000178135200010},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Framme2002,
   author = {Framme, C. and Schuele, G. and Roider, J. and Kracht, D. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Threshold determinations for selective retinal pigment epithelium damage with repetitive pulsed microsecond laser systems in rabbits},
   journal = {Ophthalmic Surgery and Lasers},
   volume = {33},
   number = {5},
   pages = {400-409},
   note = {596HY
Times Cited:18
Cited References Count:28},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In both clinical and animal studies, it has been shown that repetitive short laser pulses can cause selective retinal pigment epithelium damage (RPE) with sparing of photoreceptors. Our purpose was to determine the ophthalmoscopic and angiographic damage thresholds as a function of pulse durations by using different pulsed laser systems to optimize treatment modalities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chinchilla-breed rabbits were narcotized and placed in a special holding system. Laser lesions were applied using a commercial laser slit lamp, contact lens, and irradiation with a frequency-doubled Nd:YLF laser (wavelength: 527 nm; repetition rate: 500 Hz; number of pulses: 100; pulse duration: 5 mus, 1.7 mus, 200 ns) and an argon-ion laser (514 nm, 500 Hz, 100 pulses, 5 mus and 200 ins). In all eyes, spots with different energies were placed into the regio macularis with a diameter of 102 mum (tophat profile). After treatment, fundus photography and fluorescein angiography were performed and radiant exposure for ED50 damage determined. Speckle measurements at the fiber tips were performed to determine intensity peaks in the beam profile.
RESULTS: Using the Nd:YLF laser system, the ophthalmoscopic ED50 threshold energies were 25.4 lJ (5 mus), 32 muJ (1.7 mus), and 30 muJ (200 ns). The angiographic ED50 thresholds were 13.4 muJ (5 mus), 9.2 muJ (1.7 mus), and 6.7 muJ (200 ns). With the argon laser, the angiographic threshold for 5 mus pulses was 5.5 muJ. The ophthalmoscopic threshold could not be determined because of a lack of power; however, it was > 12 muJ. For 200 ms, the ED50 radiant exposures were 20.4 mW ophthalmoscopically and 19.2 mW angiographically. Speckle factors were found to be 1.225 for the Nd:YLF and 3.180 for the argon laser. Thus, the maximal ED50-threshold radiant exposures for the Nd:YLF were calculated to be 362 mJ/cm(2) (5 mus), 478 mJ/cm(2) (1.7 mus), and 438 mJ/cm(2) (200 ns) ophthalmoscopically. Angiographically, the thresholds were 189 mJ/cm(2) (5 mus), 143 mJ/cm(2) (1.7 mus), and 97 mJ/cm(2) (200 ns). For the argon laser, the maximal ED50 radiant exposure threshold was 170 mJ/cm(2) angiographically.
CONCLUSION: The gap between the angiographic and the ophthalmoscopic thresholds for the 200 ns regime (4.5 times above angiographic ED50) was wider than for the 1.7 mus regime (3.3 times above the angiographic ED50). This would suggest the appropriate treatment would be 200 ns pulses. However, histologies have yet to prove that nonvisible mechanical effects increase with shorter pulse durations and could reduce the "therapeutic window." When comparing the thresholds with 5 mus pulses from the argon and Nd:YLF laser, it demonstrates that intensity modulations in the beam profile must be considered.},
   keywords = {primate eye
photocoagulation
neovascularization
nanosecond
lesions
model},
   ISSN = {0022-023X},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000178160100008},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Framme2002,
   author = {Framme, C. and Schuele, G. and Roider, J. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Threshold determinations for selective RPE damage with repetitively pulsed microsecond laser systems in rabbits},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {43},
   pages = {U595-U595},
   note = {Suppl. 1
709CF
2530
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000184606602462},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Müller-Velten2002,
   author = {Muller-Velten, R. and Hillmann, K. and Birngruber, R. and Noack, J. and Schmidt-Erfurth, U.},
   title = {Topographic imaging and quantification of retinal vascular leakage in venous branch occlusion},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {43},
   pages = {U805-U805},
   note = {Suppl. 2
709CG
2859
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000184606700021},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hoerauf2002,
   author = {Hoerauf, H. and Winkler, J. and Scholz, C. and Wirbelauer, C. and Gordes, R. S. and Koch, P. and Engelhardt, R. and Laqua, H. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Transscleral optical coherence tomography--an experimental study in ex-vivo human eyes},
   journal = {Lasers Surg Med},
   volume = {30},
   number = {3},
   pages = {209-15},
   note = {0196-8092 (Print)
Journal Article},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potentials of a 1310-nm optical coherence tomography (OCT) system to penetrate the highly backscattering sclera in enucleated human eyes and provide visualization of intraocular structures by transscleral imaging. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: OCT-images were generated by an experimental prototype (Medical Laser Center, Lubeck, Germany) using a superluminescence diode with a wavelength of 1310 nm. OCT-images were taken from two enucleated human eyes using 100-200 axial scans with 60 Hz line scan frequency and compared to subsequent histologic sections. RESULTS: Transscleral OCT allowed penetration of the sclera and the anterior chamber angle could be completely identified. Some change within the anterior eye segment could be demonstrated with high accuracy. Additionally, limited demonstration of the ciliary body region was achieved. Due to limited signal intensity no detailed imaging of the pars plana and pars plicata region was possible. However, more posterior measurements allowed transscleral visualization of a retinal detachment. CONCLUSIONS: OCT using lightsources with a wavelength longer than that used in conventional OCT provides a promising imaging technique at high resolution allowing transscleral imaging of the anterior eye segment.},
   keywords = {Anterior Chamber/cytology
Anterior Eye Segment/cytology
Ciliary Body/cytology
Equipment Design
Eye/*cytology
Humans
Tomography/instrumentation/*methods},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11891740},
   year = {2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hoerauf2002,
   author = {Hoerauf, H. and Scholz, C. and Koch, P. and Engelhardt, R. and Laqua, H. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Transscleral optical coherence tomography: a new imaging method for the anterior segment of the eye},
   journal = {Arch Ophthalmol},
   volume = {120},
   number = {6},
   pages = {816-9},
   note = {0003-9950 (Print)
Journal Article},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To present a new imaging method for the anterior segment of the eye. METHODS: Transscleral optical coherence tomographic images were generated in healthy volunteers using a slitlamp-adapted prototype equipped with a superluminescence diode with an infrared wavelength of 1310 nm. RESULTS: The optical coherence tomographic system used allowed penetration of human sclera in vivo and high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of the anterior chamber angle and the ciliary body. CONCLUSION: The 1310-nm optical coherence tomographic image shows a significant potential as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for the anterior segment of the eye.},
   keywords = {Anatomy, Cross-Sectional/*methods
Anterior Eye Segment/*anatomy & histology
*Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological
Humans
Interferometry
Light
Sclera
Tomography/methods},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12049589},
   year = { 2002},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Schuele-2002,
   author = {Schuele, Georg and Huettmann, Gereon and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Noninvasive temperature measurements during laser irradiation of the retina with optoacoustic techniques},
   editor = {Fabrice, Manns and Per, G. Soederberg and Arthur, Ho},
   publisher = {Proc. SPIE},
   volume = {4611},
   pages = {64-71},
year = { 2002},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.470601} 
}