@article{Verbytskyi2017,
   author = {Verbytskyi, Ievgen and Münter, Michael and Buj, Christian and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {A Problem of a Displacement Calculation of Tissue Surface in Non-Contact Photoacoustic Tomography},
   journal = {Naukovi Visti NTUU KPI},
   number = {2},
   pages = {58-64},
   ISSN = {2519-8890},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1810-0546.2017.2.98021},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@conference{Latus2017,
title = {An Approach for Needle Based Optical Coherence Elastography Measurements},
author = {Latus, S; Otte, C; Schl\"{u}ter, M; Rehra,J; Bizon, K; Schulz-Hildebrandt, H; Saathoff, T; H\"{u}ttmann, Gereon and Schlaefer, A},
editor = {Springer International Publishing},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-66185-8_74},
isbn = {978-3-319-66185-8},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-09-01},
booktitle = {Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention − MICCAI 2017},

pages = {655--663},
organization = {Springer},
abstract = {© Springer International Publishing AG 2017. 
While navigation and interventional guidance are typically based on image data, the images do not necessarily reflect mechanical tissue properties. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) presents a modality with high sensitivity and very high spatial and temporal resolution. However, OCE has a limited field of view of only 2\textendash5 mm depth. We present a side-facing needle probe to image externally induced shear waves from within soft tissue. A first method of quantitative needle-based OCE is provided. Using a time of flight setup, we establish the shear wave velocity and estimate the tissue elasticity. For comparison, an external scan head is used for imaging. Results for four different phantoms indicate a good agreement between the shear wave velocities estimated from the needle probe at different depths and the scan head. The velocities ranging from 0.9\textendash3.4 m/s agree with the expected values, illustrating that tissue elasticity estimates from within needle probes are feasible.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2254792,
author = {Tom Pfeiffer and Wolfgang Draxinger and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Markus Petermann and Robert Huber},
title = {{Analysis of FDML lasers with meter range coherence}},
volume = {10053},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXI},
editor = {James G. Fujimoto and Joseph A. Izatt and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {100531T},
abstract = {FDML lasers provide sweep rates in the MHz range at wide optical bandwidths, making them ideal sources for high
speed OCT. Recently, at lower speed, ultralong-range swept-source OCT has been demonstrated using a tunable
vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and also using a Vernier-tunable laser. These sources provide relatively
high sweep rates and meter range coherence lengths. In order to achieve similar coherence, we developed an extremely
well dispersion compensated Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser, running at 3.2 MHz sweep rate and 120 nm
spectral bandwidth. We demonstrate that this laser offers meter range coherence and enables volumetric long range OCT
of moving objects.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, tunable laser, Fourier domain mode locking, FDML, MHz OCT},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1117/12.2254792},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254792}
}

@article{Miura2017,
   author = {Rudolf, M; Mir Mohi Sefat, A; Miura, Y; Tura, A; Raasch, W; Ranjbar, M; Grisanti, S; Aherrahrou, Z; Wagner, A; Messinger, J D; Garber, D W; Anantharamaiah, G M and Curcio, C A},
   title = {ApoA-I Mimetic Peptide 4F Reduces Age-Related Lipid Deposition in Murine Bruch's Membrane and Causes Its Structural Remodeling},
   journal = {Curr Eye Res},
   pages = {1-12},
   ISSN = {0271-3683},
   DOI = {10.1080/02713683.2017.1370118},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article},

}

@inbook{Kepp2017,
   author = {Kepp, Timo and Koinzer, Stefan and Handels, Heinz and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Registrierung von nicht sichtbaren Laserbehandlungsarealen der Retina in Live-Aufnahmen des Fundus},
   booktitle = {Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2017: Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen. Proceedings des Workshops vom 12. bis 14. März 2017 in Heidelberg},
   editor = {Maier-Hein, geb Fritzsche Klaus Hermann and Deserno, geb Lehmann Thomas Martin and Handels, Heinz and Tolxdorff, Thomas},
   publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
   address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
   pages = {331-336},
   ISBN = {978-3-662-54345-0},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54345-0_74},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Book Section}
}

  @article{Jirauschek2017,
   author = {Jirauschek, Christian and Huber, Robert},
   title = {Efficient simulation of the swept-waveform polarization dynamics in fiber spools and Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers},
   journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America B},
   volume = {34},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1135-1146},
   DOI = {10.1364/JOSAB.34.001135},
   url = {http://josab.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-34-6-1135},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

   abstract = {We present a theoretical model and its efficient numerical implementation for the simulation of wavelength-swept waveform propagation in fiber systems such as Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers, fully accounting for the polarization dynamics in fiber spools and further polarization-dependent optical components in the setup. This approach enables us to perform long-time simulations of the FDML laser dynamics over more than 100,000 cavity round trips, as required for some FDML configurations to ensure convergence to the steady-state operating regime. The model is validated against experimental results for single propagation through a fiber spool and for stationary FDML operation. The polarization dynamics due to the fiber spool, inducing polarization-mode dispersion, bending birefringence as well as cross-phase modulation, and other optical components such as the Faraday-rotating mirror used for polarization compensation is thoroughly investigated.},
   keywords = {Laser theory
Lasers, tunable
Optical coherence tomography
Birefringence
Polarization
Pulses
AG-Huber_FDML},
   url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/josab/abstract.cfm?uri=josab-34-6-1135},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Miura2017,
   author = {Miura, Y; Pruessner, J; Mertineit, C L; Kern, K; Muenter, M; Moltmann, M; Danicke, V and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Continuous-wave Thulium Laser for Heating Cultured Cells to Investigate Cellular Thermal Effects},
   journal = {J Vis Exp},
   
   ISSN = {1940-087x},
   DOI = {10.3791/54326},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
  } 

@article{Kretschmer2017,
   author = {Kretschmer, S; Pieper, M; Klinger, A; Hüttmann, G. and König, P.},
   title = {Imaging of Wound Closure of Small Epithelial Lesions in the Mouse Trachea},
   journal = {Am J Pathol},
   ISSN = {0002-9440},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.07.006},
 
   year = {2017},
pages = {2451-2460},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Yao2017,
   author = {Yao, C; Rudnitzki, F; Hüttmann, G; Zhang, Zand Rahmanzadeh, R},
   title = {Important factors for cell-membrane permeabilization by gold nanoparticles activated by nanosecond-laser irradiation},
journal = {International Journal of Nanomedicine},
  
   pages = {5659-5672},
   DOI = {10.2147/IJN.S140620},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Pfäffle2017,
   author = {Pfäffle, Clara and Spahr, Hendrik and Hillmann, Dierck and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Koch, Peter and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Reduction of frame rate in full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography by numerical motion correction [Invited]},
   journal = {Biomedical Optics Express},
   volume = {8},
   number = {3},
   pages = {1499-1511},
   keywords = {Image reconstruction-restoration
Optical coherence tomography},
   url = {http://www.osapublishing.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-8-3-1499},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@conference{Borghesan2017,
title = {Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis and Particle Filtering for real-time retina detection from a single-fiber OCT},
author = {Gianni Borghesan and Mouloud Ourak and Eva Lankenau and Richard Neffin and Peter Koch and Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt and Koen Willekens and Peter Stalmans and Dominiek Reynaerts and Emmanuel Vander Poorten},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-06-02},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th Joint Workshop on New Technologies for Computer/Robot Assisted Surgery},
abstract = {Vitreo-retinal surgery concerns a set of particularly demanding micro-surgical interventions that take place at the back of the eye. Examples of such procedures are retinal vein cannulation (where the surgeon aims to insert a needle in a vein of the size of human hairs) and epiretinal membrane peeling (where a detached membrane must be removed from the retina). As severe retinal damage can be caused by undesired collisions, good instrument to retina distance perception would be very useful. We propose to use an OCT-fiber instrumented tool, and purposefully designed algorithms to interpret the measurements and extract a reliable real-time distance estimate. This abstract describes the progress that was made and includes a test conducted with a robotic platform on a synthetic eye mockup.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@article{Hillmann2017,
   author = {Hillmann, D; Spahr, H; Sudkamp, H; Hain, C; Hinkel, L; Franke, G and Hüttmann, G},
   title = {Off-axis reference beam for full-field swept-source OCT and holoscopy},
   journal = {Opt Expr},
   
   pages = {27770-27784},
   DOI = {10.1364/OE.25.027770},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Seiler2017,
   author = {Seiler, T G; Engler, M; Beck, E; Birngruber, R and Kochevar, I E},
   title = {Interface bonding with corneal crosslinking (CXL) after LASIK ex vivo},
   journal = {Investig Ophthal and Vis Scie},
   
   pages = {6292-6298},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.17-22426},
   
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Horstmann2017,
title = {Label-Free In Vivo Imaging of Corneal Lymphatic Vessels Using Microscopic Optical Coherence Tomography},
author = {Horstmann, J; Schulz-Hildebrandt, H; Bock, F; Siebelmann, S; Lankenau, E; H\"{u}ttmann, G; Steven, P and  Cursiefen, C},
editor = {The Association Research for in Vision and Ophthalmology},
doi = {10.1167/iovs.17-22286},
isbn = {1552-5783},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-25},
journal = { Investig Ophthal & Vis Scie},

pages = {5880-5886},
abstract = {Purpose: Corneal neovascularization, in particular lymphangiogenesis, is a limiting factor in corneal transplant survival. Novel treatment approaches focus on (selective) inhibition and regression of lymphatic vessels. Imaging clinically invisible corneal lymphatic vessels is a prerequisite for these strategies. Using a murine model, this study investigates whether corneal lymphatic vessels can be imaged using microscopic optical coherence tomography (mOCT). 

Methods: Corneal neovascularization was induced by intrastromal placement of 11.0 nylon sutures in one eye of BALB/c mice. After 2 weeks, cross-sectional images and volumes of the corneas with a 0.5 mm lateral and axial field of view were acquired using a custom-built mOCT system enabling a resolution of 1 μm at a B-scan rate of 165/s. Three of the six animals received an additional intrastromal injection of India ink 24 hours before the measurement to stain the corneal lymphatic system in vivo. Immunohistochemistry using CD31 and LYVE-1 was used to validate the mOCT findings. 

Results: Using mOCT, lymphatic vessels were visible as dark vessel-like structures with the lumen lacking a hyperreflective wall and mostly lacking cells. However, individual, slowly moving particles, which most likely are immune cells, occasionally could be observed inside the lumen. In lymphatic vessels of ink-stained corneas, hyperreflection and shadowing underneath was observed. Ink-filled lymphatic vessels were colocalized in consecutive corneal flat mounts of the same specimen. 

Conclusions: Corneal lymphatic vessels can be imaged using mOCT. This novel approach opens new options for noninvasive clinical imaging of corneal lymphatic vessels for diagnostic and therapeutic indications.},
keywords = {OCM},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Karpf:16,
author = {Sebastian Karpf and Matthias Eibl and Benjamin Sauer and Fred Reinholz and Gereon H\"{u}ttmann and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Fiber optics imaging; Nonlinear optics, fibers; Lasers, fiber; Fluorescence microscopy; Nonlinear microscopy; Femtosecond pulses; In vivo imaging; Laser sources; Nanosecond pulses; Optical systems; Ultrafast lasers},
number = {7},
pages = {2432--2440},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Two-photon microscopy using fiber-based nanosecond excitation},
volume = {7},
month = {Jul},
year = {2016},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-7-7-2432},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.7.002432},
abstract = {Two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy is a powerful technique for sensitive tissue imaging at depths of up to 1000 micrometers. However, due to the shallow penetration, for in vivo imaging of internal organs in patients beam delivery by an endoscope is crucial. Until today, this is hindered by linear and non-linear pulse broadening of the femtosecond pulses in the optical fibers of the endoscopes. Here we present an endoscope-ready, fiber-based TPEF microscope, using nanosecond pulses at low repetition rates instead of femtosecond pulses. These nanosecond pulses lack most of the problems connected with femtosecond pulses but are equally suited for TPEF imaging. We derive and demonstrate that at given cw-power the TPEF signal only depends on the duty cycle of the laser source. Due to the higher pulse energy at the same peak power we can also demonstrate single shot two-photon fluorescence lifetime measurements.},
}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02012,
author = {Huber, Robert and Dworak, Lars and Moser, Jacques E. and Grätzel, Michael and Wachtveitl, Josef},
title = {Beyond Vibrationally Mediated Electron Transfer: Coherent Phenomena Induced by Ultrafast Charge Separation},
journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
volume = {120},
number = {16},
pages = {8534-8539},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02012},

URL = { 
        https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02012
    
},
eprint = { 
        https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02012
    
}
,
    abstract = { Wave packet propagation succeeding electron transfer (ET) from alizarin dye molecules into the nanocrystalline TiO2 semiconductor has been studied by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Because of the ultrafast time scale of the ET reaction of about 6 fs, the system shows substantial differences to molecular ET systems. We show that the ET process is not mediated by molecular vibrations, and therefore classical ET theories lose their applicability. Here the ET reaction itself prepares a vibrational wave packet and not the electromagnetic excitation by the laser pulse. Furthermore, the generation of phonons during polaron formation in the TiO2 lattice is observed in real time for this system. The presented investigations enable an unambiguous assignment of the involved photoinduced mechanisms and can contribute to a corresponding extension of molecular ET theories to ultrafast ET systems like alizarin/TiO2. }
}

@inproceedings{Bliedtner2016,
   author = {Bliedtner, Katharina and Seifert, Eric and Stockmann, Leoni and Effe, Lisa and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Towards real time speckle controlled retinal photocoagulation},
   volume = {9693},
   pages = {96931A-96931A-6},
   note = {10.1117/12.2212703},
   abstract = {Photocoagulation is a laser treatment widely used for the therapy of several retinal diseases. Intra- and inter-individual variations of the ocular transmission, light scattering and the retinal absorption makes it impossible to achieve a uniform effective exposure and hence a uniform damage throughout the therapy. A real-time monitoring and control of the induced damage is highly requested. Here, an approach to realize a real time optical feedback using dynamic speckle analysis is presented. A 532 nm continuous wave Nd:YAG laser is used for coagulation. During coagulation, speckle dynamics are monitored by a coherent object illumination using a 633nm HeNe laser and analyzed by a CMOS camera with a frame rate up to 1 kHz. It is obvious that a control system needs to determine whether the desired damage is achieved to shut down the system in a fraction of the exposure time. Here we use a fast and simple adaption of the generalized difference algorithm to analyze the speckle movements. This algorithm runs on a FPGA and is able to calculate a feedback value which is correlated to the thermal and coagulation induced tissue motion and thus the achieved damage. For different spot sizes (50-200 μm) and different exposure times (50-500 ms) the algorithm shows the ability to discriminate between different categories of retinal pigment epithelial damage ex-vivo in enucleated porcine eyes. Furthermore in-vivo experiments in rabbits show the ability of the system to determine tissue changes in living tissue during coagulation.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2212703},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2016}
}

@inproceedings{Spahr2016,
   author = {Spahr, Hendrik and Hillmann, Dierck and Hain, Carola and Pfäffle, Clara and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Imaging vascular dynamics in human retina using full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation)},
   volume = {9697},
   pages = {96970E-96970E-1},
   note = {10.1117/12.2214303},
   abstract = {We demonstrate a new non-invasive method to assess the functional condition of the retinal vascular system. Phase-sensitive full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (PhS-FF-SS-OCT) is used to investigate retinal vascular dynamics at unprecedented temporal resolution. Motion of retinal tissue, that is induced by expansion of the vessels therein, is measured with an accuracy of about 10 nm. The pulse shape of arterial and venous pulsation, their temporal delay as well as the frequency dependent pulse propagation through the capillary bed are determined. For the first time, imaging speed and motion sensitivity are sufficient for a direct measurement of pulse waves propagating with more than 600 mm/s in retinal vessels of a healthy young subject.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2214303},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2016}
}

@inproceedings{Pieper2016,
   author = {Pieper, Mario and Schulz-Hildebrandt, Hinnerk and Hüttmann, Gereon and König, Peter},
   title = {Imaging of mucus clearance in the airways of living spontaneously breathing mice by optical coherence microscopy (Conference Presentation)},
   volume = {9691},
   pages = {969116-969116-1},
year = { 2016},
   note = {10.1117/12.2209054},
   abstract = {Mucus transport is essential to remove inhaled particles and pathogens from the lung. Impaired removal of mucus often results in worsening of lung diseases. To understand the mechanisms of mucus transport and to monitor the impact of therapeutic strategies, it is essential to visualize airways and mucus in living animals without disturbing transport processes by intubation or surgically opening the airways. We developed a custom-built optical coherence microscope (OCM) providing a lateral and axial resolution of approximately 1.5 µm with a field of view of 2 mm at up to 150 images/s. Images of the intact trachea and its mucus transport were recorded in anesthetized spontaneously breathing mice. NaCl solution (0.9% and 7%) or Lipopolysaccharide were applied intranasally. OCM resolved detailed structure of the trachea and enabled measuring the airway surface liquid (ASL) thickness through the tracheal wall. Without stimulation, the amount of ASL was only a few µm above the epithelium and remained constant. After intranasal application of 30 µl saline at different concentrations, an early fast cough-like fluid removal with velocities higher than 1 mm/s was observed that removed a high amount of liquid. The ASL thickness increased transiently and quickly returned to levels before stimulation. In contrast to saline, application of Lipopolysaccharide induced substantial mucus release and an additional slow mucus transport by ciliary beating (around 100 µm/s) towards the larynx was observed. In conclusion, OCM is appropriate unique tool to study mechanisms of mucus transport in the airways and effects of therapeutic interventions in living animals.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2209054},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@article{Yasui2016,
   author = {Yasui, Ayako and Yamamoto, Manabu and Hirayama, Kumiko and Shiraki, Kunihiko and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Brinkmann, Ralf and Miura, Yoko and Kohno, Takeya},
   title = {Retinal sensitivity after selective retina therapy (SRT) on patients with central serous chorioretinopathy},
   journal = {Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
   pages = {1-12},
   abstract = {To assess retinal sensitivity after selective retina therapy (SRT) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).},
   ISSN = {1435-702X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-016-3441-8},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Linz2016,
   author = {Linz, Norbert and Freidank, Sebastian and Liang, Xiao-Xuan and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Wavelength dependence of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown in water and implications for laser surgery},
   journal = {American Physical Society,Phys. Rev. B},
   volume = { 94},
   number = {2},
   pages = {1-19},
   url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.024113},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Schulz-Hildebrandt2016,
   author = {Schulz-Hildebrandt, H. and Pieper, M. and Kasper, J. and Traulsen, N. and Mall, M. and König, P. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Towards automated evaluation of mucus transport measured by microscopic OCT (mOCT) during hypertonic saline treatment of Cystic Fibrosis},
   journal = {Pneumologie},
   volume = {70},
   number = {07},
   pages = {1-48},
   ISSN = {0934-8387},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0036-1584651},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Strauch2017,
author={Strauch, M and Urbach, H P},
booktitle={2016 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)},
title={Surface harmonics on liquid lenses},
year={2016},

pages={248-249},
keywords={lenses;optical harmonic generation;optical tuning;oscillations;surface harmonics;liquid lenses;tunability;nonspherical surfaces;surface oscillations;Lenses;Liquids;Surface waves;Optical surface waves;Harmonic analysis;Shape;Optical switches},
doi={10.1109/IPCon.2016.7831063},
ISSN={},
month={Oct},}

@article{Kang1016,
   author = {Kang, S. and Park, Y. G. and Kim, J. R. and Seifert, E. and Theisen-Kunde, D and Brinkman, R and Roh, Y. J.},
   title = {Selective Retina Therapy in Patients With Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Pilot Study},
   journal = {Medicine (Baltimore)},
   volume = {95},
   number = {3},
   pages = {e2524},
   note = {1536-5964
Kang, Seungbum
Park, Young Gun
Kim, Jae Ryun
Seifert, Eric
Dirk, Theisen-Kunde
Ralf, Brinkmann
Roh, Young Jung
Journal Article
United States
Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Jan;95(3):e2524. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002524.},
   abstract = {We evaluated visual outcomes, changes of maximum macular thickness (MMT) and subretinal fluid (SRF), and safety in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) after treatment with selective retina therapy (SRT). Retrospective cohort study of patients with chronic CSC presenting to a university-based hospital from January 2014 through January 2015 was conducted. A total of 12 eyes of 12 patients with chronic CSC lasting for at least 3 months was recruited. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 12 months. Following evaluation of test spots at temporal arcades, SRT (Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride [Nd:YLF] laser; wavelength, 527 nm, pulse duration, 1.7 microsececond) was applied to the surrounding areas of leakage observed on fluorescein angiogram and/or pigment epithelial detachment (PED). Changes in best-correct visual acuity (BCVA), MMT, and SRF and macular sensitivity (MS) by microperimetry (MP) were evaluated. Eyes received treatment in a mean of 3.83 spots at the pulse energy of 65 to 90 muJ. Mean BCVA (logMAR) improved from 0.23 +/- 0.12 at baseline to 0.14 +/- 0.13 at 3 months. MMT decreased from 341.4 +/- 85.5 mum at baseline to 236.0 +/- 57.9 mum at 3 months. SRF completely resolved in 75% (9 eyes) at 3 months. Large PEDs (2 eyes) were flattened at 3 months. Retreatment was performed in 4 eyes. MP showed no evidence of scotoma around SRT-treated lesions. SRT treatment targeting the surrounding area of leakage point showed favorable visual and structural outcomes in chronic CSC patients without the risk of scotoma.},
   ISSN = {0025-7974},
   DOI = {10.1097/md.0000000000002524},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Park2016,
   author = {Park, Y. G. and Kim, J. R. and Kang, S. and Seifert, E. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Brinkmann, R. and Roh, Y. J.},
   title = {Safety and efficacy of selective retina therapy (SRT) for the treatment of diabetic macular edema in Korean patients},
   journal = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
   note = {1435-702x
Park, Young Gun
Kim, Jae Ryun
Kang, Seungbum
Seifert, Eric
Theisen-Kunde, Dirk
Brinkmann, Ralf
Roh, Young-Jung
Journal article
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016 Jan 23.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: Selective retina therapy (SRT) stimulates retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell migration and proliferation into irradiated areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SRT in Korean patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: Prospective non-randomized interventional case series study. Twenty-three eyes of 21 patients with clinically significant DME were treated with SRT and followed for 6 months. Patients underwent an evaluation of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters. Microperimetry was employed to measure macular sensitivity within the central 10 degrees field, and the central macular thickness (CMT) and maximum macular thickness (MMT) were measured. RESULTS: An improvement in BCVA of one to two ETDRS lines was observed in 41.2 % of patients and an improvement of greater than two lines in 29.4 %. Although there was no significant change in CMT (P > 0.05), MMT decreased from 465.8 +/- 87.4 mum to 434.3 +/- 83.9 mum (P = 0.006), and mean macular sensitivity increased from 20.8 +/- 3.4dB to 22.5 +/- 3.5dB (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The gains in BCVA and improvement in macular sensitivity demonstrated that SRT may be used as an effective and safe treatment modality in Korean patients with clinically significant DME.},
   keywords = {Diabetic macular edema
Dosimetry
Microperimetry
Retinal pigment epithelium
Selective retina therapy},
   ISSN = {0721-832x},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00417-015-3262-1},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hillmann2016,
   author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Spahr, Hendrik and Hain, Carola and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Pfäffle, Clara and Winter, Christian and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Aberration-free volumetric high-speed imaging of in vivo retina},
   journal = {Scientific Reports},
   volume = {6},
   pages = {1-11},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep35209},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Kim2016,
   author = {Kim, H. D. and Jang, S. Y. and Lee, S. H. and Kim, Y. S. and Ohn, Y. H. and Brinkmann, R. and Park, T. K.},
   title = {Retinal Pigment Epithelium Responses to Selective Retina Therapy in Mouse Eyes},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {57},
   number = {7},
   pages = {3486-95},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal damage induced by selective retina therapy (SRT) in mice, and to elucidate longitudinal changes in RPE cells. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice received SRT and continuous-wave laser photocoagulation (cwPC). The cell death pattern was evaluated using TUNEL assay, and proliferative potential of the RPE cells was evaluated using 5-ethynyl-2'-dexoyuridine (EdU) assay. To investigate the cell-cell integrity of RPE cells, beta-catenin staining was performed. The number and hexagonality of RPE cells in the SRT-treated area were estimated using a Voronoi diagram with time periods of 3 hours to 14 days. Antibodies to microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF) and orthodenticle homeobox 2 (Otx2) were used to confirm the specific characteristics of RPE cells in the SRT-treated area. RESULTS: The number of TUNEL-positive cells located in the neural retina was significantly lower in lesions treated with SRT compared to those treated with cwPC. EdU-positive RPE cells were first detected 3 to 12 hours after SRT, and increased until 3 to 7 days after SRT. beta-catenin staining showed that hexagonality was compromised and subsequently, RPE cells expanded in size within the targeted location. The number of RPE cells in SRT lesions decreased gradually until 12 hours after SRT and recovered by 14 days. Upregulated expression of MiTF and Otx2 was observed for 2 weeks in the SRT lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Selective retina therapy seems to induce selective RPE damage without collateral thermal injury in the neural retina. Furthermore, SRT-treated lesions recovered by proliferation of RPE cells that were present in the treated lesions and by expansion of adjacent RPE cells.},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.16-19508},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Wang2016,
   author = {Wang, S. and Huttmann, G. and Scholzen, T. and Zhang, Z. and Vogel, A. and Hasan, T. and Rahmanzadeh, R.},
   title = {A light-controlled switch after dual targeting of proliferating tumor cells via the membrane receptor EGFR and the nuclear protein Ki-67},
   journal = {Sci Rep},
   volume = {6},
   pages = {27032},
   note = {2045-2322
Wang, Sijia
Huttmann, Gereon
Scholzen, Thomas
Zhang, Zhenxi
Vogel, Alfred
Hasan, Tayyaba
Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin
Journal Article
England
Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 1;6:27032. doi: 10.1038/srep27032.},
   abstract = {Using nanotechnology for optical manipulation of molecular processes in cells with high spatial and temporal precision promises new therapeutic options. Especially tumor therapy may profit as it requires a combination of both selectivity and an effective cell killing mechanism. Here we show a dual targeting approach for selective and efficient light-controlled killing of cells which are positive for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ki-67. Liposomes with the covalently linked EGFR antibody Erbitux enabled selective uptake of FITC-labeled Ki-67 antibody TuBB-9 in EGFR-positive cells pre-loaded with the photoactive dye BPD. After irradiation at 690 nm, BPD disrupted the endosomal membranes and delivered the antibodies to the nucleoli of the cells. The second irradiation at 490 nm activated the FITC-labeled TuBB-9, which caused inactivation of the Ki-67 protein and subsequent cell death via apoptosis. Efficient cell killing was possible at nanomolar concentrations of TuBB-9 due to the effective transport by immune liposomes and the high efficacy of the Ki-67 light-inactivation. Delivery of the liposomal constructs and cell destruction correlated well with the EGFR expression pattern of different cell lines (HeLa, OVCAR-5, MCF-7, and human fibroblasts), demonstrating an excellent selectivity.},
   ISSN = {2045-2322},
   DOI = {10.1038/srep27032},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Maushagen2016,
   title        = {Effects of paclitaxel on permanent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and identification of anti-apoptotic caspase 9b},
   author       = {Maushagen, R. and Reers, S. and Pfannerstill, A. C. and Hahlbrock, A. and Stauber, R. and Rahmanzadeh, R. and Rades, D. and Pries, R. and Wollenberg, B.},
   year         = 2016,
   journal      = {J Cancer Res Clin Oncol},
   volume       = 142,
   number       = 6,
   pages        = {1261--71},
   doi          = {10.1007/s00432-016-2150-3},
   issn         = {0171-5216},
   note         = {1432-1335 Maushagen, Regina Reers, Stefan Pfannerstill, Ann-Christin Hahlbrock, Angelina Stauber, Roland Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin Rades, Dirk Pries, Ralph Wollenberg, Barbara Journal Article Germany J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2016 Jun;142(6):1261-71. doi: 10.1007/s00432-016-2150-3. Epub 2016 Apr 1.},
   abstract     = {PURPOSE: Paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against various human tumors inducing apoptosis via binding to beta-tubulin of microtubules and arresting cells mainly in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. However, the underlying specific molecular mechanisms of paclitaxel on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have not been identified yet. METHODS: The apoptotic effects and mechanisms of paclitaxel on different permanent HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines (UT-SCC-24A, UT-SCC-24B, UT-SCC-60A and UT-SCC-60B) were determined by flow cytometry assays, polymerase chain reaction analysis, immunofluorescence-based assays and sequencing studies. RESULTS: Paclitaxel induced a G2/M arrest in HNSCC cell lines followed by an increased amount of apoptotic cells. Moreover, the activation of caspase 8, caspase 10 and caspase 3, and the loss of the mitochondrial outer membrane potential could be observed, whereas an activation of caspase 9 could barely be detected. The efficient activation of caspase 9 was not affected by altered methylation patterns. Our results can show that the promoter region of apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) was not methylated in the HNSCC cell lines. By sequencing analysis two isoforms of caspase 9, the pro-apoptotic caspase 9 and the anti-apoptotic caspase 9b were identified. The anti-apoptotic caspase 9b is missing the catalytic site and acts as an endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis by blocking the binding of caspase 9 to Apaf-1 to form the apoptosome. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate the presence of anti-apoptotic caspase 9b in HNSCC, which may serve as a promising target to increase chemotherapeutic apoptosis induction.},
   keywords     = {Apoptosis Caspase 9b Caspases Head and neck cancer Paclitaxel},
   type         = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Ranjbar2016,
   author = {Ranjbar, M. and Brinkmann, M. P. and Zapf, D. and Miura, Y. and Rudolf, M. and Grisanti, S.},
   title = {Fc Receptor Inhibition Reduces Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress in Human RPE Cells Treated with Bevacizumab, but not Aflibercept},
   journal = {Cell Physiol Biochem},
   volume = {38},
   number = {2},
   pages = {737-47},
   note = {1421-9778
Ranjbar, Mahdy
Brinkmann, Max Philipp
Zapf, Dorinja
Miura, Yoko
Rudolf, Martin
Grisanti, Salvatore
Journal Article
Switzerland
Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;38(2):737-47. doi: 10.1159/000443030. Epub 2016 Feb 15.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: VEGF-A is induced by oxidative stress, and functions as a survival factor for various cell types, including retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs like aflibercept and bevacizumab have shown to be most effective in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), however uptake of the drugs might lead to interference with cell physiology. Herein, we evaluated the significance of the Fc receptor (FcR) within this context and moreover explored the impact of VEGF inhibition under normal conditions as well as under oxidative stress, in terms of potential adverse effects. METHODS: ARPE-19 (human RPE) cells were treated with aflibercept and bevacizumab in presence or absence of H2O2 as oxidative stress stimulus. After 24h cells were evaluated for drug uptake, VEGF-A expression and secretion, levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as cell proliferation. Experiments were repeated with cells being pre-incubated with an FcR inhibitor prior to drug application. RESULTS: Both drugs inhibited extracellular levels of VEGF-A and were taken up into the RPE, resulting in significantly reduced intracellular levels of VEGF-A. When oxidative stress was applied, intracellular ROS levels in cells treated with both drugs rose, and cell proliferation was reduced. Prior incubation with the FcR inhibitor lessened the uptake of bevacizumab, but not aflibercept into RPE cells, and simultaneously enhanced cell survival under oxidative stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that uptake and accumulation of aflibercept and bevacizumab within RPE cells affect the intracellular VEGF-A metabolism negatively, leading to a biologically relevant reduced cell survival under oxidative stress. The FcR plays a substantial role in the uptake of bevacizumab, but not aflibercept, which allows an enhanced RPE cell survival through FcR blockage in an environment dominated by oxidative stress, as clinically significant for various inflammatory retinal disorders.},
   ISSN = {1015-8987},
   DOI = {10.1159/000443030},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hüttmann2016,
   author = {Huttmann, Gereon and Moltmann, Moritz and Spahr, Hendrik and Tode, Jan and de Roeck, Anna and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Birngruber, Reginald and Koinzer, Stefan and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Retinal lesion formation during photocoagulation investigated by high-speed 1060 nm Doppler-OCT: first clinical results},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {57},
   number = {12},
   pages = {5852-5852},
   abstract = {Abstract Purpose : The molecular processes during heating with a photocoagulation laser, particularly in sub-visible or mere thermal stimulation treatment, have only partly been understood, and different theories exist that try to explain its clinical efficacy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was successfully used to grade lesions with high accuracy 1 hour after the treatments and beyond. During the irradiation, changes in tissue scattering and, by use of the Doppler signal, tissue motion caused by thermal expansion and coagulation-induced tissue contraction were shown to correlate ex-vivo and in rabbits with the strength of photocoagulation lesions. Aim of this study was to validate feasibility and reproducibility of these results in humans. Methods : In an ongoing study more than 100 lesions of three patients have been imaged with a slitlamp-based OCT (1060 nm, 90,000 A-scans/s) with varying irradiance during laser exposure. Durations of the exposure were 50 ms and 200 ms; spot size was 300 µm. Eye movements and heart beat were corrected by cross-correlation of the images. Increased tissue scattering and movement of the neuronal retina due to thermal expansion were determined from the image sequences with 3 ms temporal resolution. Results : In the first treatments with this prototype device, we received acceptable image quality in 1/3 of the lesions. Changes in the neuronal retina were successful visualized during and after the laser irradiation, demonstrating the feasibility of a real-time assessment of initial effects of photocoagulation in humans. Lesion visibility in standard, reflection-based OCT was much weaker during treatment compared to 1 hour afterwards. Increased tissue scattering was observed in stronger lesions already during the laser irradiation. At reduced irradiance, scattering increase was only observed after the end of irradiation. However, tissue motion towards the vitreous was still observed in these cases. Conclusions : In conclusion, high-speed OCT recording during photocoagulation measures initial tissue changes during photocoagulation in humans. It may enhance our understanding of the tissue dynamics right after laser irradiation. It may provide useful information for a real-time dosage control as well. This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2016 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 2016.},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{WANG2016622,
title = {Heartbeat OCT and Motion-Free 3D In Vivo Coronary Artery Microscopy},
journal = {JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {622-623},
year = {2016},
issn = {1936-878X},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.08.010},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936878X15006713},
author = {Tianshi Wang and Tom Pfeiffer and Evelyn Regar and Wolfgang Wieser and Heleen {van Beusekom} and Charles T. Lancee and Geert Springeling and Ilona Krabbendam-Peters and Antonius F.W. {van der Steen} and Robert Huber and Gijs {van Soest}}
}

@article{Spahr2016,
   author = {Spahr, H. and Hillmann, D. and Hain, C. and Pfäffle, C. and Sudkamp, H. and Franke, G. and Koch, P. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Darstellung von Blutfluss und Pulsation in retinalen Gefäßen mit Full-Field-Swept-Source-OCT},
   journal = {Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd},
   volume = {233},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1324-1330},
   ISSN = {0023-2165},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0042-120279},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{RN5040,
   author = {Tromberg, B. J. and Anderson, R. R. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R. and Berns, M. W. and Parrish, J. A. and Apiou-Sbirlea, G.},
   title = {Biomedical optics centers: forty years of multidisciplinary clinical translation for improving human health},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   volume = {21},
   number = {12},
   pages = {124001},
   ISSN = {1560-2281 (Electronic)
1083-3668 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.JBO.21.12.124001},
  
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hillmann2016,
   author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Spahr, Hendrik and Pfäffle, Clara and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {In vivo optical imaging of physiological responses to photostimulation in human photoreceptors},
   journal = {PNAS Early Edition},
   pages = {1-6},
   abstract = {Noninvasive functional imaging of molecular and cellular processes of vision may have immense impact on research and clinical diagnostics. Although suitable intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) have been observed ex vivo and in immobilized animals in vivo, detecting IOSs of photoreceptor activity in living humans was cumbersome and time consuming. Here, we observed clear spatially and temporally resolved changes in the optical path length of the photoreceptor outer segment as a response to an optical stimulus in the living human eye. To witness these changes, we evaluated phase data obtained with a parallelized and computationally aberration-corrected optical coherence tomography system. The noninvasive detection of optical path length changes shows neuronal photoreceptor activity of single cones in living human retina, and therefore, it may provide diagnostic options in ophthalmology and neurology and could provide insights into visual phototransduction in humans.},
   url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/10/10/1606428113.abstract},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{RN4897,
   author = {Sudkamp, Helge and Koch, Peter and Spahr, Hendrik and Hillmann, Dierck and Franke, Gesa and Münst, Michael and Reinholz, Fred and Birngruber, Reginald and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {In-vivo retinal imaging with off-axis full-field time-domain optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Optics Letters},
   volume = {41},
   number = {21},
   pages = {4987-4990},
   DOI = {10.1364/OL.41.004987},
   url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-41-21-4987},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Wang2016,
   author = {Wang, Sijia and Hüttmann, Gereon and Rudnitzki, Florian and Diddens-Tschoeke, Heyke and Zhang, Zhenxi and Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin},
   title = {Indocyanine green as effective antibody conjugate for intracellular molecular targeted photodynamic therapy},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {21},
   number = {7},
   pages = {078001-078001},
   note = {10.1117/1.JBO.21.7.078001},
   abstract = {Abstract.  The fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) is clinically approved and has been applied for ophthalmic and intraoperative angiography, measurement of cardiac output and liver function, or as contrast agent in cancer surgery. Though ICG is known for its photochemical effects, it has played a minor role so far in photodynamic therapy or techniques for targeted protein-inactivation. Here, we investigated ICG as an antibody-conjugate for the selective inactivation of the protein Ki-67 in the nucleus of cells. Conjugates of the Ki-67 antibody TuBB-9 with different amounts of ICG were synthesized and delivered into HeLa and OVCAR-5 cells through conjugation to the nuclear localization sequence. Endosomal escape of the macromolecular antibodies into the cytoplasm was optically triggered by photochemical internalization with the photosensitizer BPD. The second light irradiation at 690 nm inactivated Ki-67 and subsequently caused cell death. Here, we show that ICG as an antibody-conjugate can be an effective photosensitizing agent. Best effects were achieved with 1.8 ICG molecules per antibody. Conjugated to antibodies, the ICG absorption peaks vary proportionally with concentration. The absorption of ICG above 650 nm within the optical window of tissue opens the possibility of selective Ki-67 inactivation deep inside of tissues.},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Pieper2016,
   author = {Pieper, M. and Schulz-Hildebrandt, H. and Mall, M. and Hüttmann, G. and König, P.},
   title = {Intravital microscopy of mucus transport in mice provides mechanistic insight into hypertonic saline treatment of Cystic Fibrosis},
   journal = {Pneumologie},
   volume = {70},
   number = {07},
   pages = {SOP2},
   ISSN = {0934-8387},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0036-1584654},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Schlott2016,
   author = {Schlott, Kerstin and Koinzer, Stefan and Baade, Alexander and Birngruber, Reginald and Roider, Johann and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Lesion strength control by automatic temperature guided retinal photocoagulation},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {21},
   number = {9},
   pages = {098001-098001},
   note = {10.1117/1.JBO.21.9.098001},
   abstract = {Abstract.  Laser photocoagulation is an established treatment for a variety of retinal diseases. However, when using the same irradiation parameter, the size and strength of the lesions are unpredictable due to unknown inter- and intraindividual optical properties of the fundus layers. The aim of this work is to investigate a feedback system to generate desired lesions of preselectable strengths by automatically controlling the irradiation time. Optoacoustics were used for retinal temperature monitoring. A 532-nm continuous wave Nd:YAG laser was used for photocoagulation. A 75-ns/523-nm Q-switched Nd:YLF laser simultaneously excited temperature-dependent pressure transients, which were detected at the cornea by an ultrasonic transducer embedded in a contact lens. The temperature data were analyzed during the irradiation by a LabVIEW routine. The treatment laser was switched off automatically when the required lesion strength was achieved. Five different feedback control algorithms for different lesion sizes were developed and tested on rabbits in vivo. With a laser spot diameter of 133  μm, five different lesion types with ophthalmoscopically visible diameters ranging mostly between 100 and 200  μm, and different appearances were achieved by automatic exposure time control. The automatically controlled lesions were widely independent of the treatment laser power and the retinal pigmentation.},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.JBO.21.9.098001},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2214758,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Thomas Klein and Matthias Eibl and Tom Pfeiffer and Wolfgang Wieser and Robert Huber},
title = {{Megahertz FDML laser with up to 143nm sweep range for ultrahigh resolution OCT at 1050nm}},
volume = {9697},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XX},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {969703},
abstract = {We present a new design of a Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser (FDML laser), which provides a new record in sweep
range at ~1μm center wavelength: At the fundamental sweep rate of 2x417 kHz we reach 143nm bandwidth and 120nm
with 4x buffering at 1.67MHz sweep rate. The latter configuration of our system is characterized: The FWHM of the
point spread function (PSF) of a mirror is 5.6μm (in tissue). Human in vivo retinal imaging is performed with the MHz
laser showing more details in vascular structures. Here we could measure an axial resolution of 6.0μm by determining
the FWHM of specular reflex in the image. Additionally, challenges related to such a high sweep bandwidth such as
water absorption are investigated.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, tunable laser, Fourier domain mode locking, FDML, MHz OCT},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1117/12.2214758},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2214758}
}

@article{Horstmann2016,
   author = {Horstmann, J. and Siebelmann, S. and Schulz-Hildebrandt, H. and Glasunow, I. and Schadschneider, A. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {OCT verstehen – Teil 1: Physikalische Grundlagen},
   journal = {Augenheilkunde up2date},
   volume = {6},
   number = {04},
   pages = {289-300},
   ISSN = {1616-9719},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0042-113337},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Horstmann2016,
   author = {Horstmann, J. and Siebelmann, S. and Schulz-Hildebrandt, H. and Glasunow, I. and Schadschneider, A. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {OCT verstehen – Teil 2: Praktische Aspekte und Anwendung},
   journal = {Augenheilkunde up2date},
   volume = {6},
   number = {04},
   pages = {305-320},
   ISSN = {1616-9719},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0042-117459},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Ranjbar2016,
   author = {Ranjbar, Mahdy and Brinkmann, Max Philipp and Tura, Aysegül and Rudolf, Martin and Miura, Yoko and Grisanti, Salvatore},
   title = {Ranibizumab interacts with the VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway in human RPE cells at different levels},
   journal = {Cytokine},
   volume = {83},
   pages = {210-216},
   abstract = {Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in ocular homeostasis, but also in diseases, most notably age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To date, anti-VEGF drugs like ranibizumab have been shown to be most effective in treating these pathologic conditions. However, clinical trials suggest that the RPE could degenerate and perish through anti-VEGF treatment. Herein, we evaluated possible pathways and outcomes of the interaction between ranibizumab and human RPE cells (ARPE-19). Results indicate that ranibizumab affects the VEGF-A metabolism in RPE cells from an extra- as well as intracellular site. The drug is taken up into the cells, with the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) being involved, and decreases VEGF-A protein levels within the cells as well as extracellularly. Oxidative stress plays a key role in various inflammatory disorders of the eye. Our results suggest that oxidative stress inhibits RPE cell proliferation. This anti-proliferative effect on RPE cells is significantly enhanced through ranibizumab, which does not inhibit RPE cell proliferation substantially in absence of relevant oxidative stress. Therefore, we emphasize that anti-VEGF treatment should be selected carefully in AMD patients with preexistent extensive RPE atrophy.},
   keywords = {Ranibizumab
RPE
VEGF-A
VEGFR-2
Oxidative stress},
   ISSN = {1043-4666},
   url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043466616300722},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Wang:15,
author = {Tianshi Wang and Tom Pfeiffer and Evelyn Regar and Wolfgang Wieser and Heleen van Beusekom and Charles T. Lancee and Geert Springeling and Ilona Krabbendam and Antonius F.W. van der Steen and Robert Huber and Gijs van Soest},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Fiber optics imaging; Three-dimensional image acquisition; Medical optics instrumentation; Scanners; Endoscopic imaging; Medical and biological imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Image quality; Image registration; Imaging techniques; Laser modes; Mode locking; Optical coherence tomography},
number = {12},
pages = {5021--5032},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Heartbeat OCT: in vivo intravascular megahertz-optical coherence tomography},
volume = {6},
month = {Dec},
year = {2015},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-6-12-5021},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.6.005021},
abstract = {Cardiac motion artifacts, non-uniform rotational distortion and undersampling affect the image quality and the diagnostic impact of intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT). In this study we demonstrate how these limitations of IV-OCT can be addressed by using an imaging system that we called \&\#x201C;Heartbeat OCT\&\#x201D;, combining a fast Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser, fast pullback, and a micromotor actuated catheter, designed to examine a coronary vessel in less than one cardiac cycle. We acquired in vivo data sets of two coronary arteries in a porcine heart with both Heartbeat OCT, working at 2.88 MHz A-line rate, 4000 frames/s and 100 mm/s pullback speed, and with a commercial system. The in vivo results show that Heartbeat OCT provides faithfully rendered, motion-artifact free, fully sampled vessel wall architecture, unlike the conventional IV-OCT data. We present the Heartbeat OCT system in full technical detail and discuss the steps needed for clinical translation of the technology.},
}

@article{10.1167/iovs.15-16670,
    author = {Mohler, Kathrin J. and Draxinger, Wolfgang and Klein, Thomas and Kolb, Jan Philip and Wieser, Wolfgang and Haritoglou, Christos and Kampik, Anselm and Fujimoto, James G. and Neubauer, Aljoscha S. and Huber, Robert and Wolf, Armin},
    title = "{Combined 60° Wide-Field Choroidal Thickness Maps and High-Definition En Face Vasculature Visualization Using Swept-Source Megahertz OCT at 1050 nm}",
    journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
    volume = {56},
    number = {11},
    pages = {6284-6293},
    year = {2015},
    month = {10},
    abstract = "{   To demonstrate ultrahigh-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) at 1.68 million A-scans/s for choroidal imaging in normal and diseased eyes over a ∼60° field of view. To investigate and correlate wide-field three-dimensional (3D) choroidal thickness (ChT) and vascular patterns using ChT maps and coregistered high-definition en face images extracted from a single densely sampled Megahertz-OCT (MHz-OCT) dataset.    High-definition, ∼60° wide-field 3D datasets consisting of 2088 × 1024 A-scans were acquired using a 1.68 MHz prototype SS-OCT system at 1050 nm based on a Fourier-domain mode-locked laser. Nine subjects (nine eyes) with various chorioretinal diseases or without ocular pathology are presented. Coregistered ChT maps, choroidal summation maps, and depth-resolved en face images referenced to either the retinal pigment epithelium or the choroidal–scleral interface were generated using manual segmentation.    Wide-field ChT maps showed a large inter- and intraindividual variance in peripheral and central ChT. In only four of the nine eyes, the location with the largest ChT was coincident with the fovea. The anatomy of the large lumen vessels of the outer choroid seems to play a major role in determining the global ChT pattern. Focal ChT changes with large thickness gradients were observed in some eyes.    Different ChT and vascular patterns could be visualized over ∼60° in patients for the first time using OCT. Due to focal ChT changes, a high density of thickness measurements may be favorable. High-definition depth-resolved en face images are complementary to cross sections and thickness maps and enhance the interpretation of different ChT patterns.  }",
    issn = {1552-5783},
    doi = {10.1167/iovs.15-16670},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.15-16670},
    eprint = {https://arvojournals.org/arvo/content\_public/journal/iovs/934564/i1552-5783-56-11-6284.pdf},
}

@article{Reznicek2015,
   author = {Reznicek, Lukas and Kolb, Jan P. and Klein, Thomas and Mohler, Kathrin J. and Wieser, Wolfgang and Huber, Robert and Kernt, Marcus and Märtz, Josef and Neubauer, Aljoscha S.},
   title = {Wide-Field Megahertz OCT Imaging of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy},
   journal = {Journal of Diabetes Research},
   volume = {2015, Article ID 305084},
   pages = {1-5},
   DOI = {10.1155/2015/305084},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/305084},
   year = {2015},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
   type = {Journal Article}

}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2183768,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Wolfgang Draxinger and Robert Huber},
title = {{High definition in vivo retinal volumetric video rate OCT at 0.6 Giga-voxels per second}},
volume = {9541},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media},
editor = {Brett E. Bouma and Maciej Wojtkowski},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {95410Z},
abstract = {We present full volumetric high speed OCT imaging of the retina with multiple settings varying in volume size and volume rate. The volume size ranges from 255x255 A-scans to 160x40 A-scans with 450 samples per depth scan with volume rates varying between 20.8 V/s for the largest volumes to 195.2 V/s for the smallest. The system is based on a 1060nm Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser with 1.6MHz line rate. Scanning along the fast axis is performed with a 2.7 kHz or 4.3 kHz resonant scanner operated in bidirectional scanning mode, while a standard galvo scanner is used for the slow axis. The performance is analyzed with respect to various potential applications, like intraoperative OCT.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, tunable laser, Fourier domain mode locking, FDML, MHz-OCT},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2183768},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183768}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2183822,
author = {Matthias Eibl and Sebastian Karpf and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
title = {{Hyperspectral stimulated Raman microscopy with two fiber laser sources}},
volume = {9536},
booktitle = {Advanced Microscopy Techniques IV; and Neurophotonics II},
editor = {Emmanuel Beaurepaire and Peter T. C. So and Francesco Pavone and Elizabeth M. Hillman},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {953604},
abstract = {A fast all fiber based setup for stimulated Raman microscopy based on a rapidly wavelength swept cw-laser is presented. The applied Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser is a fiber ring laser, providing a continuously changing wavelength output over time. This fast swept source allows us to rapidly change the wavelength and, thereby the energy difference with respect to a single color pump laser. The pump laser is a master oscillator power amplifier based on a fiber amplified laser diode and a Raman shifter. By controlled variation of the relative timing between probe and pump laser with an arbitrary waveform generator, the Raman signals are encoded in time and they are directly acquired with a synchronized, fast analog-to-digital converter. This setup is capable of acquiring rapidly high resolution spectra (up to 0.5 cm<sup>-1</sup>) with shot noise limited sensitivity over a broadband (750 cm<sup>-1</sup> to 3150 cm<sup>-1</sup>) spectral region. Here, we show the performance of this system for imaging in the CH-stretch region around 3000 cm<sup>-1</sup> and in the fingerprint region around 1600 cm<sup>-1</sup>. We present hyperspectral images of a plant stem slice with molecular contrast of lignin and a lipid representative as well as images of PS (polystyrene) and PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate) beads with an acquisition speed of 18 &mu;s per spectral point.},
keywords = {stimulated Raman, multiphoton, microscopy, coherent Raman, fiber laser, FDML, TICO, hyperspectral},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2183822},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183822}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2183854,
author = {Sebastian Karpf and Matthias Eibl and Robert Huber},
title = {{Nanosecond two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging with a multi color fiber MOPA laser}},
volume = {9536},
booktitle = {Advanced Microscopy Techniques IV; and Neurophotonics II},
editor = {Emmanuel Beaurepaire and Peter T. C. So and Francesco Pavone and Elizabeth M. Hillman},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {953616},
abstract = {A system is presented that uses a fiber based Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) with nanosecond-range pulses for two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) imaging. The robust laser in the extended near infrared is based on an actively modulated electro-optical modulator (EOM), enabling free synchronization of the pulses to any other light source or detection unit. Pulses with a freely programmable duration between 0.4 and 10 ns are generated and then amplified to up to kilowatts of peak power with ytterbium doped fiber amplifiers (YDFA). Since we achieve peak power and duty cycles comparable to standard femto- and picosecond setups, the TPEF signal levels are similar, but realized with a robust and inexpensive fiber-based setup. The delivery fiber is further used as an optional, electronically controllable Raman shifter to effectively shift the 1064 nm light to 1122 nm and to 1186 nm. This allows imaging of a manifold of fluorophores, like e.g. TexasRed, mCherry, mRaspberry and many more. We show TPEF imaging of the autofluorescence of plant leaves of moss and algae, acquired in epi-direction. This modular laser unit can be integrated into existing systems as either a fiber-based, alignment free excitation laser or an extension for multi-modal imaging.},
keywords = {multi-photon imaging, TPEF, MOPA, TPA, fiber laser, Raman shifter, non-linear imaging, multi-modal imaging},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2183854},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183854}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2183431,
author = {Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Draxinger and Robert Huber},
title = {{Fully automated 1.5 MHz FDML laser with more than 100mW output power at 1310 nm}},
volume = {9541},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media},
editor = {Brett E. Bouma and Maciej Wojtkowski},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {954116},
abstract = {While FDML lasers with MHz sweep speeds have been presented five years ago, these devices have required manual control for startup and operation. Here, we present a fully self-starting and continuously regulated FDML laser with a sweep rate of 1.5 MHz. The laser operates over a sweep range of 115 nm centered at 1315 nm, and provides very high average output power of more than 100 mW. We characterize the laser performance, roll-off, coherence length and investigate the wavelength and phase stability of the laser output under changing environmental conditions. The high output power allows optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging with an OCT sensitivity of 108 dB at 1.5 MHz.},
keywords = {OCT, optical coherence tomography, swept laser, wavelength-swept laser, fiber laser, MHz-OCT, Fourier-domain mode-locking, FDML},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2183431},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183431}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2183859,
author = {Sebastian Karpf and Matthias Eibl and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
title = {{Time-encoded Raman scattering (TICO-Raman) with Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) lasers}},
volume = {9541},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media},
editor = {Brett E. Bouma and Maciej Wojtkowski},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {95410F},
abstract = {We present a new concept for performing stimulated Raman spectroscopy and microscopy by employing rapidly wavelength swept Fourier Domain Mode locked (FDML) lasers [1]. FDML lasers are known for fastest imaging in swept-source optical coherence tomography [2, 3]. We employ this continuous and repetitive wavelength sweep to generate broadband, high resolution stimulated Raman spectra with a new, time-encoded (TICO) concept [4]. This allows for encoding and detecting the stimulated Raman gain on the FDML laser intensity directly in time. Therefore we use actively modulated pump lasers, which are electronically synchronized to the FDML laser, in combination with a fast analog-to-digital converter (ADC) at 1.8 GSamples/s. We present hyperspectral Raman images with color-coded, molecular contrast.},
keywords = {swept lasers, FDML, TICO-Raman, fiber lasers, stimulated Raman microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, molecular contrast, multi-modal imaging},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2183859},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183859}
}

@article{Jirauschek:15,
author = {Christian Jirauschek and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Laser theory; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; Distributed Bragg reflectors; Laser light; Laser sources; Quantum well lasers; Swept lasers; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers},
number = {7},
pages = {2448--2465},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Wavelength shifting of intra-cavity photons: Adiabatic wavelength tuning in rapidly wavelength-swept lasers},
volume = {6},
month = {Jul},
year = {2015},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-6-7-2448},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.6.002448},
abstract = {We analyze the physics behind the newest generation of rapidly wavelength tunable sources for optical coherence tomography (OCT), retaining a single longitudinal cavity mode during operation without repeated build up of lasing. In this context, we theoretically investigate the currently existing concepts of rapidly wavelength-swept lasers based on tuning of the cavity length or refractive index, leading to an altered optical path length inside the resonator. Specifically, we consider vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirrors as well as Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) and Vernier-tuned distributed Bragg reflector (VT-DBR) lasers. Based on heuristic arguments and exact analytical solutions of Maxwell's equations for a fundamental laser resonator model, we show that adiabatic wavelength tuning is achieved, i.e., hopping between cavity modes associated with a repeated build up of lasing is avoided, and the photon number is conserved. As a consequence, no fundamental limit exists for the wavelength tuning speed, in principle enabling wide-range wavelength sweeps at arbitrary tuning speeds with narrow instantaneous linewidth.},
}

@article{Huber:15,
author = {Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Photon. News},
keywords = {Image processing; Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Medical optics and biotechnology; Optical coherence tomography; Image processing; Imaging techniques; Line scan cameras; Medical imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {6},
pages = {32--39},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {4-D Real-Time Optical Coherence Tomography},
volume = {26},
month = {Jun},
year = {2015},
url = {https://www.optica-opn.org/abstract.cfm?URI=opn-26-6-32},
doi = {10.1364/OPN.26.6.000032},
abstract = {Advances in OCT techniques, combined with the processing power of moderncomputer hardware, are adding a new dimension---time---to a familiar 3-D imaging method.The result could be new applications in research and the biomedicalclinic.},
}

@article{Jirauschek:15,
author = {Christian Jirauschek and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Laser theory; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Birefringence; Polarization; Pulses; Cross phase modulation; Mode locking; Optical components; Picosecond pulses; Polarization mode dispersion; Pulse generation},
number = {10},
pages = {2385--2388},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Modeling and analysis of polarization effects in Fourier domain mode-locked lasers},
volume = {40},
month = {May},
year = {2015},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-40-10-2385},
doi = {10.1364/OL.40.002385},
abstract = {We develop a theoretical model for Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers in a non-polarization-maintaining configuration, which is the most widely used type of FDML source. This theoretical approach is applied to analyze a widely wavelength-swept FDML setup, as used for picosecond pulse generation by temporal compression of the sweeps. We demonstrate that good agreement between simulation and experiment can only be obtained by including polarization effects due to fiber bending birefringence, polarization mode dispersion, and cross-phase modulation into the theoretical model. Notably, the polarization dynamics are shown to have a beneficial effect on the instantaneous linewidth, resulting in improved coherence and thus compressibility of the wavelength-swept FDML output.},
}

@article{Kolb:15,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Thomas Klein and Corinna L. Kufner and Wolfgang Wieser and Aljoscha S. Neubauer and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Medical optics instrumentation; Lasers, fiber; Medical and biological imaging; Ophthalmic optics and devices ; Optical coherence tomography; Adaptive optics; Full field optical coherence tomography; Image quality; Imaging techniques; Laser scanning; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {5},
pages = {1534--1552},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Ultra-widefield retinal MHz-OCT imaging with up to 100 degrees viewing angle},
volume = {6},
month = {May},
year = {2015},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-6-5-1534},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.6.001534},
abstract = {We evaluate strategies to maximize the field of view (FOV) of in vivo retinal OCT imaging of human eyes. Three imaging modes are tested: Single volume imaging with 85{\textdegree} FOV as well as with 100{\textdegree} and stitching of five 60{\textdegree} images to a 100{\textdegree} mosaic (measured from the nodal point). We employ a MHz-OCT system based on a 1060nm Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser with a depth scan rate of 1.68MHz. The high speed is essential for dense isotropic sampling of the large areas. Challenges caused by the wide FOV are discussed and solutions to most issues are presented. Detailed information on the design and characterization of our sample arm optics is given. We investigate the origin of an angle dependent signal fall-off which we observe towards larger imaging angles. It is present in our 85{\textdegree} and 100{\textdegree} single volume images, but not in the mosaic. Our results suggest that 100{\textdegree} FOV OCT is possible with current swept source OCT technology.},
}

@Article{HU_2015_Karpf_a,
  Title                    = {A Time-Encoded Technique for fibre-based hyperspectral broadband stimulated Raman microscopy},
  Author                   = {Karpf, Sebastian and Eibl, Matthias and Wieser, Wolfgang and Klein, Thomas and Huber, Robert},
  Journal                  = {Nature Communications},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Volume = {6},
  pages = {6784 1--6},
keywords = {AG-Huber_NL},
  Doi                      = {10.1038/ncomms7784}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2214788,
author = {Tom Pfeiffer and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Markus Petermann and Jan-Phillip Kolb and Matthias Eibl and Robert Huber},
title = {{Flexible A-scan rate MHz OCT: computational downscaling by coherent averaging}},
volume = {9697},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XX},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {96970S},
abstract = {In order to realize fast OCT-systems with adjustable line rate, we investigate averaging of image data from an FDML based
MHz-OCT-system. The line rate can be reduced in software and traded in for increased system sensitivity and image
quality. We compare coherent and incoherent averaging to effectively scale down the system speed of a 3.2 MHz FDML
OCT system to around 100 kHz in postprocessing. We demonstrate that coherent averaging is possible with MHz systems
without special interferometer designs or digital phase stabilisation. We show OCT images of a human finger knuckle joint
in vivo with very high quality and deep penetration.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, Fourier domain mode locking, FDML, MHz OCT, averaging, tunable laser},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1117/12.2214788},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2214788}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2077147,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Wolfgang Draxinger and Robert Huber},
title = {{Full volumetric video rate OCT of the posterior eye with up to 195.2 volumes/s}},
volume = {9312},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XIX},
editor = {James G. Fujimoto and Joseph A. Izatt and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {931202},
abstract = {Full volumetric high speed OCT imaging of the retina with multiple settings varying in volume size and volume rate is
presented. The volume size ranges from 255x255 A-scans to 160x40 A-scans with 450 samples per depth scan. The
volume rates vary between 20.8 V/s for the largest volumes to 195.2 V/s for the smallest. The system is based on a
1060nm Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser with 1.6MHz line rate. Scanning along the fast axis is performed
with a 2.7 kHz or 4.3 kHz resonant scanner operated in bidirectional scanning mode, while a standard galvo scanner is
used for the slow axis. The performance is analyzed with respect to various potential applications, like intraoperative
OCT.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, tunable laser, Fourier domain mode lockng, FDML, MHz OCT},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2077147},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2077147}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2077659,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Philipp Schwarz and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Robert Huber},
title = {{Dual parametric compounding approach for speckle reduction in OCT}},
volume = {9312},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XIX},
editor = {James G. Fujimoto and Joseph A. Izatt and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {93123G},
abstract = {OCT as a coherent imaging technique inherently suffers from speckle. We present a new dual parametric compounding approach to reduce speckle. The approach is to acquire several OCT volumes with different numerical apertures (NAs). Then in post processing, a first spatial compounding step is performed by averaging of adjacent B-frames. In a second step data from the different volume is averaged. Retinal imaging data comparing this idea with standard spatial compounding is presented and analyzed and necessary parameters such as the required variation of the NA and number of different NAs are discussed},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, tunable laser, Fourier domain mode lockng, FDML, MHz OCT},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2077659},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2077659}
}

@article{Niu2015,
   author = {Niu, C. J. and Fisher, C. and Scheffler, K. and Wan, R. and Maleki, H. and Liu, H. and Sun, Y. and A. Simmons, C. and Birngruber, R. and Lilge, L.},
   title = {Polyacrylamide gel substrates that simulate the mechanical stiffness of normal and malignant neuronal tissues increase protoporphyin IX synthesis in glioma cells},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {20(9)},
   Year = { 2015},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.JBO.20.9.098002},
  
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Baade2015,
   author = {Baade, A and Schwarzer, W and Koinzer, S and Schlott, K and Birngruber, R and Brinkman, R},
   title = {Power-controlled temperature guided retinal photocoagulation },
   booktitle = {Photonic West BIOS},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083042},
year = { 2015}
}

@article{Linz2015,
   author = {Linz, Norbert and Freidank, Sebastian and Liang, Xiao-Xuan and Vogelmann, Hannes and Trickl, Thomas and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Wavelength dependence of nanosecond infrared laser-induced breakdown in water: Evidence for multiphoton initiation via an intermediate state},
   journal = {Physical Review B},
   volume = {91},
   number = {13},
   pages = {134114},
   note = {PRB},
   DOI = {doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.134114},
   url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.134114},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Steiner2015,
   author = {Steiner, Patrick and Ebneter, Andreas and Berger, Lieselotte Erika and Zinkernagel, Martin and Považay, Boris and Meier, Christoph and Kowal, Jens H. and Framme, Carsten and Brinkmann, Ralf and Wolf, Sebastian and Sznitman, Raphael},
   title = {Time-Resolved Ultra–High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography for Real-Time Monitoring of Selective Retina TherapyTime-Resolved Ultra–High Resolution OCT During SRT},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {56},
   number = {11},
   pages = {6654-6662},
   note = {10.1167/iovs.15-17151},
   abstract = {Abstract Purpose: Selective retina therapy (SRT) is a novel treatment for retinal pathologies, solely targeting the RPE. During SRT, the detection of an immediate tissue reaction is challenging, as tissue effects remain limited to intracellular RPE photodisruption. Time-resolved ultra-high axial resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) is thus evaluated for the monitoring of dynamic optical changes at and around the RPE during SRT. Methods: An experimental OCT system with an ultra-high axial resolution of 1.78 μm was combined with an SRT system and time-resolved OCT M-scans of the target area were recorded from four patients undergoing SRT. Optical coherence tomography scans were analyzed and OCT morphology was correlated with findings in fluorescein angiography, fundus photography, and cross-sectional OCT. Results: In cases in which the irradiation caused RPE damage proven by fluorescein angiography, the lesions were well discernible in time-resolved OCT images but remained invisible in fundus photography and cross-sectional OCT acquired after treatment. If RPE damage was introduced, all applied SRT pulses led to detectable signal changes in the time-resolved OCT images. The extent of optical signal variation seen in the OCT data appeared to scale with the applied SRT pulse energy. Conclusions: The first clinical results proved that successful SRT irradiation induces detectable changes in the OCT M-scan signal while it remains invisible in conventional ophthalmoscopic imaging. Thus, real-time high-resolution OCT is a promising modality to monitor and analyze tissue effects introduced by selective retina therapy and may be used to guide SRT in an automatic feedback mode (www.swissmedic.ch number, 2011-MD-0006).},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.15-17151},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Koinzer2015,
   author = {Koinzer, S. and Baade, A. and Schlott, K. and Hesse, C. and Caliebe, A. and Roider, J. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Temperature-Controlled Retinal Photocoagulation Reliably Generates Uniform Subvisible, Mild, or Moderate Lesions},
   journal = {Transl Vis Sci Technol},
   volume = {4},
   number = {5},
   pages = {9},
   note = {Koinzer, Stefan
Baade, Alexander
Schlott, Kerstin
Hesse, Carola
Caliebe, Amke
Roider, Johann
Brinkmann, Ralf
Journal article
Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2015 Oct 6;4(5):9. eCollection 2015 Oct.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: Conventional retinal photocoagulation produces irregular lesions and does not allow reliable control of ophthalmoscopically invisible lesions. We applied automatically controlled retinal photocoagulation, which allows to apply uniform lesions without titration, and aimed at five different predictable lesion intensities in a study on rabbit eyes. METHODS: A conventional 532-nm photocoagulation laser was used in combination with a pulsed probe laser. They facilitated real-time fundus temperature measurements and automatic exposure time control for different predefined time/temperature dependent characteristics (TTC). We applied 225 control lesions (exposure time 200 ms) and 794 TTC lesions (5 intensities, exposure times 7-800 ms) in six rabbit eyes with variable laser power (20-66.4 mW). Starting after 2 hours, we examined fundus color and optical coherence tomographic (OCT) images over 3 months and classified lesion morphologies according to a seven-stage OCT classifier. RESULTS: Visibility rates in funduscopy (OCT) after 2 hours were 17% (68%) for TTC intensity group 1, 38% (90%) for TTC group 2 and greater than 94% (>98%) for all consecutive groups. TTC groups 1 through 4 correlated to increasing morphological lesion intensities and increasing median funduscopic and OCT diameters. Group 5 lesions were as large as, but more intense than group 4 lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Automatic, temperature controlled photocoagulation allows to apply predictable subvisible, mild, or moderate lesions without manual power titration. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: The technique will facilitate standardized, automatically controlled low and early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) intensity photocoagulation independently of the treating physician, the treated eye and lesion location.},
   keywords = {Oct
animal model
laser photocoagulation
optoacoustics
real-time temperature measurement
spectral domain
sub-visible},
   ISSN = {2164-2591 (Print)
2164-2591},
   DOI = {10.1167/tvst.4.5.9},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Lange2015,
   author = {Lange, B. and Cordes, J. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Stone/tissue differentiation for holmium laser lithotripsy using autofluorescence},
   journal = {Lasers Surg Med},
   volume = {47},
   number = {9},
   pages = {737-44},
   note = {1096-9101
Lange, Birgit
Cordes, Jens
Brinkmann, Ralf
Journal Article
United States
Lasers Surg Med. 2015 Nov;47(9):737-44. doi: 10.1002/lsm.22418. Epub 2015 Sep 22.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Holmium laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective method to disintegrate urinary stones of all compositions in an endoscopic procedure. However, handling and safety could be improved by a real-time feedback system permanently monitoring the position of the treatment fiber. The laser is fired only when the fiber is identified as being placed in front of stone. This work evaluates the potential of fluorescence detection with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm for this purpose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A fiber-based fluorescence measurement was set-up to acquire autofluorescence signals from several human renal calculi, artificial stones, and porcine tissue samples (renal calix and ureter). Three different approaches were investigated. First, experiments were performed with a pulsed laser source with a wavelength of 532 nm, pulse energy 36.5 +/- 1 muJ, pulse duration 1.2 +/- 0.5 nanoseconds, and a repetition rate of 1 kHz with 15 urinary concretions. In the second step, a series of measurements on 42 human urinary calculi samples was carried out using low power continuous wave excitation of 0.4 +/- 0.1 mW. Fluorescence was also measured simultaneously to stone fragmentation by holmium laser pulses (pulse energy 240 +/- 50 mJ, repetition rate 10 Hz). Finally, a modulated excitation/detection scheme (lock-in technique) was implemented to render fluorescence detection insensitive to white background light. RESULTS: Unlike porcine renal calix, ureter, and artificial stone human urinary calculi show a strong fluorescence signal when excited with 532 nm. With pulsed excitation on urinary stone (20,000 +/- 11,000) counts were registered at 587 nm with the CCD-array of a grating spectrometer in an integration time of 50 milliseconds. Tissue gave lower count rates of </=(5,500 +/- 1,100) even with longer integration times (500 milliseconds/1 second). With a cw excitation power of 0.4 mW (13,000 +/- 11,000) counts were registered in an integration time of 200 milliseconds at 587 nm (porcine renal calix: (770 +/- 340)). Modulated excitation (66 Hz) with an average power of 0.3 mW and detection with a photodiode resulted in a lock-in amplifier signal of 1.5-4.3V on stone (background and skin: <0.5V). CONCLUSION: With the lock-in technique, autofluorescence from stones can be detected with only the average excitation power of a green aiming beam overlaid to the Ho:YAG-laser beam (power </= 1 mW). Since tissue shows very little autofluorescence when excited with 532 nm, this fluorescence signal enables monitoring of the correct position of the treatment fiber during ureteroscopic procedures. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:737-744, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
   keywords = {Holmium laser
feedback control
fluorescence
laser lithotripsy},
   ISSN = {0196-8092},
   DOI = {10.1002/lsm.22418},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Buj2015,
   author = {Buj, C and Horstmann, J and Münter, M and Brinkman, R},
   title = {Speckle-based off-axis holographic detection for non-contact photoacoustic tomography},
   journal = {Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering},
   volume = {1},
   pages = {356-360},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Klinger2017,
   author = {Klinger, A. and Krapf, L. and Orzekowsky-Schroeder, R. and Koop, N. and Vogel, A. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {Intravital autofluorescence 2-photon microscopy of murine intestinal mucosa with ultra-broadband femtosecond laser pulse excitation: image quality, photodamage, and inflammation},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   volume = {20},
   number = {11},
   pages = {116001},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.jbo.20.11.116001},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Schulz-Hildebrandt2015,
   author = {Schulz-Hildebrandt, H. and Pieper, M. and König, P. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Improved endoscopic optical coherence microscopy for imaging of humans airways in patients},
   journal = {Pneumologie},
   volume = {69},
   number = {07},
   pages = {A49},
   ISSN = {0934-8387},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0035-1556641},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Spahr2015,
   author = {Spahr, Hendrik and Hillmann, Dierck and Hain, Carola and Pfäffle, Clara and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Imaging pulse wave propagation in human retinal vessels using full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Optics Letters},
   volume = {40},
   number = {20},
   pages = {4771-4774},
   abstract = {We demonstrate a new noninvasive method to assess biomechanical properties of the retinal vascular system. Phase-sensitive full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (PhS-FF-SS-OCT) is used to investigate retinal vascular dynamics at unprecedented temporal resolution. The motion of retinal tissue that is induced by expansion of the vessels therein is measured with an accuracy of about 10 nm. The pulse shapes of arterial and venous pulsations, their temporal delays, as well as the frequency-dependent pulse propagation through the capillary bed, are determined. For the first time, imaging speed and motion sensitivity are sufficient for a direct measurement of pulse waves propagating with more than 600 mm/s in retinal vessels of a healthy young subject.},
   keywords = {Optical coherence tomography
Ophthalmology
Time-resolved imaging
Functional monitoring and imaging},
   DOI = {10.1364/OL.40.004771},
   url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-40-20-4771},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Spahr2015,
   author = {Spahr, Hendrik and Hain, Carola and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Hillmann, Dierck and Huttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Functional Microangiography of in vivo human retina by Full-Field OCT},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {56},
   number = {7},
   pages = {5974-5974},
   abstract = { PurposeOCT based functional microangiography of the retina requires high speed acquisition of a large number of volumetric datasets. Imaging speed of conventional scanning OCT devices is limited by the applicable radiant power and the mechanics used to scan the focused beam over the desired field of view. Full-Field Swept-Source OCT (FF-SS-OCT) resolves both issues, using an areal illumination, which dramatically increases the allowed amount of radiation, and an ultrafast camera for a highly parallelized acquisition.  MethodsThe retina of healthy volunteers was illuminated with wavelengths between 816 and 867 nm by the extended beam of a tunable laser (Broadsweeper, Superlum). Retinal irradiance was below the maximum permissable exposure (MPE). Light backscattered from the retina was imaged onto an ultrafast CMOS camera (SA-Z, Photron), where it interfered with an extended reference beam. From a series of interference images at different wavelengths, volumetric OCT images of the retina were reconstructed.  ResultsWe demonstrate in vivo retinal imaging at 9.9 billion voxels per second (40 million A-scans/s with 256 axial pixels). Sacrificing depth resolution by reducing the number of axial pixels, the A-scan rate was increased to more than 1 billion A-scans per second. FF-SS-OCT allowed imaging of all important retinal structures with good quality at unprecedented imaging speed (see fig. 1). Fast volumetric imaging at up to 3000 volumes/s was used to visualize small capillaries and to analyze the pulsation of retinal arteries and veins (see fig. 2). Imaging time for an area of 4 mm x 2 mm (896 x 368 A-scans) was only 316 µs. The high volume rate and the inherent phase stability enabled quantitative measurement of the change of retinal thickness due to blood pulsation with approx. 10 nm precision. A delay of the venous pulsation with respect to the arteries was observed (approx. 11 ms). The amplitudes of higher frequency components of the venous pulsation were considerably attenuated.  ConclusionsFF-SS-OCT provides fast volumetric imaging of the retina with good image quality. The capillary network can be analyzed with high spatial and temporal resolution. Analysis of retinal pulsation may provide information on pathological changes of vessels and capillaries. Angiographic OCT acquired with the FF-SS-OCT setup. Functional angiography showing the pulsation of retinal artery and vein.},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Kim2015,
   author = {Kim, H. D. and Han, J. W. and Ohn, Y. H. and Brinkmann, R. and Park, T. K.},
   title = {Functional evaluation using multifocal electroretinogram after selective retina therapy with a microsecond-pulsed laser},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {56},
   number = {1},
   pages = {122-31},
   note = {1552-5783
Kim, Hoon Dong
Han, Jung Woo
Ohn, Young-Hoon
Brinkmann, Ralf
Park, Tae Kwann
Journal Article
United States
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Dec 11;56(1):122-31. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-15132.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes of retinal function with multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), and estimate the association between functional and structural changes after selective retina therapy (SRT) with microsecond-pulsed laser in comparison to continuous wave laser photocoagulation (cwPC). METHODS: Selective retina therapy and cwPC were applied with 10 x 10 shots and 1/2 lesion-width on the retina in the right and left eyes of 20 healthy Chinchilla Bastard rabbits, respectively. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and mfERG were performed before, and on days 1, 7, and 30 after both laser treatments. The mean ratios of amplitudes and implicit times of N1 and P1 from eight hexagons covering laser-treated retinal lesions/total retina were measured. Histology was obtained after killing three rabbits at each time period to observe the anatomic changes after both laser treatments. RESULTS: The mean ratios of amplitudes of N1 and P1 in SRT lesions did not change significantly for 30 days after laser treatment. Only subtle reductions of the mean ratios of N1 and P1 amplitudes on day 1, thereafter the amplitudes showed the trend to recover toward baseline values. Histology and OCT revealed temporary and reversible morphologic changes after SRT, which restored to normal within 1 month. However, the mean ratios of N1 amplitudes on days 7 and 30 (P = 0.010, P < 0.001, respectively), and P1 amplitudes on days 7 and 30 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively) declined significantly in cwPC lesions compared with baseline. Disorganization and atrophic changes were identified on histology and OCT after cwPC. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that SRT preserved retinal function as well as anatomical structure after treatment.},
   keywords = {continuous wave laser photocoagulation (cwPC)
multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG)
selective retina therapy (SRT)},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.14-15132},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Horstmann2015,
   title        = {Full-field speckle interferometry for non-contact photoacoustic tomography},
   author       = {Horstmann, J. and Spahr, H. and Buj, C. and Munter, M. and Brinkmann, R.},
   journal      = {Phys Med Biol},
   volume       = 60,
   number       = 10,
   pages        = {4045--58},
   note         = {1361-6560 abstract = {A full-field speckle interferometry method for non-contact and prospectively high speed Photoacoustic Tomography is introduced and evaluated as proof of concept. Thermoelastic pressure induced changes of the objects topography are acquired in a repetitive mode without any physical contact to the object. In order to obtain high acquisition speed, the object surface is illuminated by laser pulses and imaged onto a high speed camera chip. In a repetitive triple pulse mode, surface displacements can be acquired with nanometre sensitivity and an adjustable sampling rate of e.g. 20 MHz with a total acquisition time far below one second using kHz repetition rate lasers. Due to recurring interferometric referencing, the method is insensitive to thermal drift of the object due to previous pulses or other motion. The size of the investigated area and the spatial and temporal resolution of the detection are scalable. In this study, the approach is validated by measuring a silicone phantom and a porcine skin phantom with embedded silicone absorbers. The reconstruction of the absorbers is presented in 2D and 3D. The sensitivity of the measurement with respect to the photoacoustic detection is discussed. Potentially, Photoacoustic Imaging can be brought a step closer towards non-anaesthetized in vivo imaging and new medical applications not allowing acoustic contact, such as neurosurgical monitoring or burnt skin investigation.}, ISSN = {0031-9155}, DOI = {10.1088/0031-9155/60/10/4045}, year = {2015}, type = {Journal Article}}
}

@article{Han2015,
   author = {Han, Bing and Köhler, Karsten and Jungnickel, Kerstin and Mettin, Robert and Lauterborn, Werner and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Dynamics of laser-induced bubble pairs},
   journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
   volume = {771},
   pages = {706-742},
   keywords = {bubble dynamics,cavitation,jets},
   ISSN = {1469-7645},
   DOI = {doi:10.1017/jfm.2015.183},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.183},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Apiou-Sbirlea2015,
   author = {Apiou-Sbirlea, Gabriela and Tearney, Guillermo J. and Birngruber, Reginald and Hasan, Tayyaba and Anderson, Richard Rox},
   title = {Anatomy and physiology of translation: the academic research imperative},
   journal = {Clinical Investigation},
   volume = {5},
   number = {10},
   pages = {797-804},
   ISSN = {2041-6792},
   DOI = {10.4155/cli.15.46},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Wang2015,
   author = {Wang, S. and Huttmann, G. and Zhang, Z. and Vogel, A. and Birngruber, R. and Tangutoori, S. and Hasan, T. and Rahmanzadeh, R.},
   title = {Light-Controlled Delivery of Monoclonal Antibodies for Targeted Photoinactivation of Ki-67},
   journal = {Mol Pharm},
   note = {1543-8392
Wang, Sijia
Huttmann, Gereon
Zhang, Zhenxi
Vogel, Alfred
Birngruber, Reginald
Tangutoori, Shifalika
Hasan, Tayyaba
Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin
Journal article
Mol Pharm. 2015 Aug 13.},
   abstract = {The selective inhibition of intracellular and nuclear molecules such as Ki-67 holds great promise for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. However, the choice of the target protein and the intracellular delivery of the functional agent remain crucial challenges. Main hurdles are (a) an effective delivery into cells, (b) endosomal escape of the delivered agents, and (c) an effective, externally triggered destruction of cells. Here we show a light-controlled two-step approach for selective cellular delivery and cell elimination of proliferating cells. Three different cell-penetrating nano constructs, including liposomes, conjugates with the nuclear localization sequence (NLS), and conjugates with the cell penetrating peptide Pep-1, delivered the light activatable antibody conjugate TuBB-9-FITC, which targets the proliferation associated protein Ki-67. HeLa cells were treated with the photosensitizer benzoporphyrin monoacid derivative (BPD) and the antibody constructs. In the first optically controlled step, activation of BPD at 690 nm triggered a controlled endosomal escape of the TuBB-9-FITC constructs. In more than 75% of Ki-67 positive, irradiated cells TuBB-9-FITC antibodies relocated within 24 h from cytoplasmic organelles to the cell nucleus and bound to Ki-67. After a second light irradiation at 490 nm, which activated FITC, cell viability decreased to approximately 13%. Our study shows an effective targeting strategy, which uses light-controlled endosomal escape and the light inactivation of Ki-67 for cell elimination. The fact that liposomal or peptide-assisted delivery give similar results leads to the additional conclusion that an effective mechanism for endosomal escape leaves greater variability for the choice of the delivery agent.},
   keywords = {endosomal entrapment
liposome
nanotechnology
nuclear localization sequence (NLS)
photodynamic therapy},
   ISSN = {1543-8384},
   DOI = {10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00260},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Park2015,
   author = {Park, Young Gun and Kang, Seungbum and Brinkmann, Ralf and Roh, Young-Jung},
   title = {A Comparative Study of Retinal Function in Rabbits after Panretinal Selective Retina Therapy versus Conventional Panretinal Photocoagulation},
   journal = {Journal of Ophthalmology},
   volume = {2015},
   pages = {8},
   DOI = {10.1155/2015/247259},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/247259},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Zarnescu2015,
   author = {Zarnescu, Livia and Leung, Michael C. and Abeyta, Michael and Sudkamp, Helge and Baer, Thomas and Behr, Barry and Ellerbee, Audrey K.},
   title = {Label-free characterization of vitrification-induced morphology changes in single-cell embryos with full-field optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {20},
   number = {9},
   pages = {096004-096004},
   note = {10.1117/1.JBO.20.9.096004},
   abstract = {Abstract.  Vitrification is an increasingly popular method of embryo cryopreservation that is used in assisted reproductive technology. Although vitrification has high post-thaw survival rates compared to other freezing techniques, its long-term effects on embryo development are still poorly understood. We demonstrate an application of full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) to visualize the effects of vitrification on live single-cell (2 pronuclear) mouse embryos without harmful labels. Using FF-OCT, we observed that vitrification causes a significant increase in the aggregation of structures within the embryo cytoplasm, consistent with reports in literature based on fluorescence techniques. We quantify the degree of aggregation with an objective metric, the cytoplasmic aggregation (CA) score, and observe a high degree of correlation between the CA scores of FF-OCT images of embryos and of fluorescence images of their mitochondria. Our results indicate that FF-OCT shows promise as a label-free assessment of the effects of vitrification on embryo mitochondria distribution. The CA score provides a quantitative metric to describe the degree to which embryos have been affected by vitrification and could aid clinicians in selecting embryos for transfer.},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.JBO.20.9.096004},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.20.9.096004},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Ansari2015,
   author = {Ansari, R. and Buj, C. and Pieper, M. and Konig, P. and Schweikard, A. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {Micro-anatomical and functional assessment of ciliated epithelium in mouse trachea using optical coherence phase microscopy},
   journal = {Opt Express},
   volume = {23},
   number = {18},
   pages = {23217-24},
   note = {1094-4087
Ansari, Rehman
Buj, Christian
Pieper, Mario
Konig, Peter
Schweikard, Achim
Huttmann, Gereon
Journal Article
United States
Opt Express. 2015 Sep 7;23(18):23217-24. doi: 10.1364/OE.23.023217.},
   abstract = {Motile cilia perform a range of important mechanosensory and chemosensory functions, along with expulsion of mucus and inhaled pathogens from the lungs. Here we demonstrate that spectral domain optical coherence phase microscopy (SD-OCPM), which combines the principles of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal microscopy, is particularly well-suited for characterization of both morphology and the ciliary dynamics of mouse trachea. We present micro-anatomical images of mouse trachea, where different cell types can be clearly visualized. The phase contrast, which measures the sub-nanometer changes in axial optical pathlength is used to determine the frequency and direction of cilia beatings.},
   ISSN = {1094-4087},
   DOI = {10.1364/oe.23.023217},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Diddens-Tschoeke2015,
   author = {Diddens-Tschoeke, Heyke C. and Hüttmann, Gereon and Gruber, Achim D. and Pottier, Roy H. and Hanken, Henning},
   title = {Localized thermal tumor destruction using dye-enhanced photothermal tumor therapy},
   journal = {Lasers in Surgery and Medicine},
   pages = {n/a-n/a},
   keywords = {photothermal therapy
naphthalocyanine derivative
in-vivo
laser
dye-enhanced},
   ISSN = {1096-9101},
   DOI = {10.1002/lsm.22356},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.22356},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Framme2015,
   author = {Framme, C. and Walter, A. and Berger, L. and Prahs, P. and Alt, C. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Kowal, J. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Selective Retina Therapy in Acute and Chronic-Recurrent Central Serous Chorioretinopathy},
   journal = {Ophthalmologica},
   volume = {234},
   number = {4},
   pages = {177-88},
   note = {1423-0267
Framme, Carsten
Walter, Andreas
Berger, Lieselotte
Prahs, Philipp
Alt, Clemens
Theisen-Kunde, Dirk
Kowal, Jens
Brinkmann, Ralf
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Switzerland
Ophthalmologica. 2015;234(4):177-88. doi: 10.1159/000439188. Epub 2015 Sep 15.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: Selective retina therapy (SRT), the confined laser heating and destruction of retinal pigment epithelial cells, has been shown to treat acute types of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) successfully without damaging the photoreceptors and thus avoiding laser-induced scotoma. However, a benefit of laser treatment for chronic forms of CSC is questionable. In this study, the efficacy of SRT by means of the previously used 1.7-micros and shorter 300-ns pulse duration was evaluated for both types of CSC, also considering re-treatment for nonresponders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a two-center trial, 26 patients were treated with SRT for acute (n = 10) and chronic-recurrent CSC (n = 16). All patients presented with subretinal fluid (SRF) in OCT and leakage in fluorescein angiography (FA). SRT was performed using a prototype SRT laser system (frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YLF-laser, wavelength 527 nm) with adjustable pulse duration. The following irradiation settings were used: a train of 30 laser pulses with a repetition rate of 100 Hz and pulse durations of 300 ns and 1.7 micros, pulse energy 120-200 microJ, retinal spot size 200 microm. Because SRT lesions are invisible, FA was always performed 1 h after treatment to demonstrate laser outcome (5-8 single spots in the area of leakage). In cases where energy was too low, as indicated by missing FA leakage, energy was adjusted and the patient re-treated immediately. Observation intervals were after 4 weeks and 3 months. In case of nonimprovement of the disease after 3 months, re-treatment was considered. RESULTS: Of 10 patients with active CSC that presents focal leakage in FA, 5 had completely resolved fluid after 4 weeks and all 10 after 3 months. Mean visual acuity increased from 76.6 ETDRS letters to 85.0 ETDRS letters 3 months after SRT. Chronic-recurrent CSC was characterized by less severe SRF at baseline in OCT and weaker leakage in FA than in acute types. Visual acuity changed from baseline 71.6 to 72.8 ETDRS letters after 3 months. At this time, SRF was absent in 3 out of 16 patients (19%), FA leakage had come to a complete stop in 6 out of 16 patients (38%). In 6 of the remaining chronic CSC patients, repeated SRT with higher pulse energy was considered because of persistent leakage activity. After the re-treatment, SRF resolved completely in 5 patients (83.3%) after only 25 days. CONCLUSION: SRT showed promising results in treating acute CSC, but was less effective in chronic cases. Interestingly, re-treatment resulted in enhanced fluid resolution and dry conditions after a considerably shorter time in most patients. Therefore, SRT including re-treatment if necessary might be a valuable CSC treatment alternative even in chronic-recurrent cases.},
   ISSN = {0030-3755},
   DOI = {10.1159/000439188},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hüttmann2015,
   author = {Huttmann, Gereon and Koinzer, Stefan Otto Johannes and Müller, Heike and Ellerkamp, Iris and Baade, Alex and Moltmann, Moritz and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Lange, Birgit and Brinkmann, Ralf and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Predicting ophthalmoscopic visibility of retinal photocoagulation lesions byhigh-speedOCT: an animal studyinrabbits},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {56},
   number = {7},
   pages = {5980-5980},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@Article{HU_2014_Zhang_a,
  Title                    = {{Optical coherence tomography guided laser cochleostomy: towards the accuracy on tens of micrometer scale}},
  Author                   = {Zhang, Yaokun and Pfeiffer, Tom and Weller, Marcel and Wieser, Wolfgang and Huber, Robert and Raczkowsky, J\"{o}rg and Schipper, J\"{o}rg and W\"{o}rn, Heinz and Klenzner, Thomas},
  Journal                  = {BioMed research international},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Month                    = jan,
  Pages                    = {251814--24},
  Volume                   = {2014},
  Doi                      = {10.1155/2014/251814},
  ISSN                     = {2314-6141},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
  Url                      = {http://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/251814/}
}

@article{Wieser:14,
author = {Wolfgang Wieser and Wolfgang Draxinger and Thomas Klein and Sebastian Karpf and Tom Pfeiffer and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Endoscopic imaging; Full field optical coherence tomography; Functional imaging; Image quality; Ophthalmic imaging; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers},
number = {9},
pages = {2963--2977},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {High definition live 3D-OCT in vivo: design and evaluation of a 4D OCT engine with 1 GVoxel/s},
volume = {5},
month = {Sep},
year = {2014},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-5-9-2963},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.5.002963},
abstract = {We present a 1300 nm OCT system for volumetric real-time live OCT acquisition and visualization at 1 billion volume elements per second. All technological challenges and problems associated with such high scanning speed are discussed in detail as well as the solutions. In one configuration, the system acquires, processes and visualizes 26 volumes per second where each volume consists of 320 x 320 depth scans and each depth scan has 400 usable pixels. This is the fastest real-time OCT to date in terms of voxel rate. A 51 Hz volume rate is realized with half the frame number. In both configurations the speed can be sustained indefinitely. The OCT system uses a 1310 nm Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser operated at 3.2 MHz sweep rate. Data acquisition is performed with two dedicated digitizer cards, each running at 2.5 GS/s, hosted in a single desktop computer. Live real-time data processing and visualization are realized with custom developed software on an NVidia GTX 690 dual graphics processing unit (GPU) card. To evaluate potential future applications of such a system, we present volumetric videos captured at 26 and 51 Hz of planktonic crustaceans and skin.},
}

@inproceedings{Buj14,
   author = {Buj, C and Horstmann, J and Münter, M and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Speckle-based holographic detection for non-contact Photoacoustic Tomography},
   booktitle = {48th annual conference of the German Society for Biomedical Engineering},
   volume = {59},
   pages = {844-847},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
Year = { 2014}
}

@Article{HU_2014_Karpf_a,
  Title                    = {{Time-Encoded Raman: Fiber-based, hyperspectral, broadband stimulated Raman microscopy}},
  Author                   = {Karpf, Sebastian and Eibl, Matthias and Wieser, Wolfgang and Klein, Thomas and Huber, Robert},
  journal = {ArXiv e-prints},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Archiveprefix            = {arXiv},
  Arxivid                  = {1405.4181},
  Eprint                   = {1405.4181},
keywords = {AG-Huber_NL},
  Url                      = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.4181}
}

@article{Iwami2014,
   author = {Iwami, H. and Pruessner, J. and Shiraki, K. and Brinkmann, R. and Miura, Y.},
   title = {Protective effect of a laser-induced sub-lethal temperature rise on RPE cells from oxidative stress},
   journal = {Exp Eye Res},
   volume = {124c},
   pages = {37-47},
   note = {1096-0007
Iwami, Hisashi
Pruessner, Joachim
Shiraki, Kunihiko
Brinkmann, Ralf
Miura, Yoko
Journal article
Exp Eye Res. 2014 May 5;124C:37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.04.014.},
   abstract = {Recently introduced new technologies that enable temperature-controlled laser irradiation on the RPE allowed us to investigate temperature-resolved RPE cell responses. In this study we aimed primarily to establish an experimental setup that can realize laser irradiation on RPE cell culture with the similar temperature distribution as in the clinical application, with a precise time/temperature history. With this setup, we conducted investigations to elucidate the temperature-dependent RPE cell biochemical responses and the effect of transient hyperthermia on the responses of RPE cells to the secondary-exposed oxidative stress. Porcine RPE cells cultivated in a culture dish (inner diameter = 30 mm) with culture medium were used, on which laser radiation (lambda = 1940 nm, spot diameter = 30 mm) over 10 s was applied as a heat source. The irradiation provides a radially decreasing temperature profile which is close to a Gaussian shape with the highest temperature in the center. Power setting for irradiation was determined such that the peak temperature (Tmax) in the center of the laser spot at the cells reaches from 40 degrees C to 58 degrees C (40, 43, 46, 50, 58 degrees C). Cell viability was investigated with ethidium homodimer III staining at the time points of 3 and 24 h following laser irradiation. Twenty four hours after laser irradiation the cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 5 h, followed by the measurement of intracellular glutathione, intracellular 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) protein adducts, and secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The mean temperature threshold for RPE cell death after 3 h was found to be around 52 degrees C, and for 24 h around 50 degrees C with the current irradiation setting. A sub-lethal preconditioning on Tmax = 43 degrees C significantly induced the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, and decreased H2O2-induced increase of intracellular 4-HNE protein adducts. Although sub-lethal hyperthermia (Tmax = 40 degrees C, 43 degrees C, and 46 degrees C) caused a slight increase of VEGF secretion in 6 h directly following irradiation, secondary exposed H2O2-induced VEGF secretion was significantly reduced in the sub-lethally preheated groups, where the largest effect was seen following the irradiation with Tmax = 43 degrees C. In summary, the current results suggest that sub-lethal thermal laser irradiation on the RPE at Tmax = 43 degrees C for 10 s enhances cell defense system against oxidative stress, with increasing the GSH/GSSG ratio. Together with the results that the decreased amount of H2O2-induced 4-HNE in sub-lethally preheated RPE cells was accompanied by the lower secretion of VEGF, it is also strongly suggested that the sub-lethal hyperthermia may modify RPE cell functionality to protect RPE cells from oxidative stress and associated functional decrease, which are considered to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration and other chorioretinal degenerative diseases.},
   ISSN = {0014-4835},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.exer.2014.04.014},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@Article{HU_2014_Reznicek_a,
  Title                    = {{Megahertz ultra-wide-field swept-source retina optical coherence tomography compared to current existing imaging devices.}},
  Author                   = {Reznicek, Lukas and Klein, Thomas and Wieser, Wolfgang and Kernt, Marcus and Wolf, Armin and Haritoglou, Christos and Kampik, Anselm and Huber, Robert and Neubauer, Aljoscha S},
  Journal                  = {Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv f\"{u}r klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie},
  Year                     = {2014},

  Month                    = jun,
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1009--16},
  Volume                   = {252},

  Doi                      = {10.1007/s00417-014-2640-4},
  ISSN                     = {1435-702X},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
  Url                      = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs00417-014-2640-4}
}

@article{Kortuem2014,
   author = {Kortuem, Karsten Ulrich and Kolb, Jan Philip and Klein, Thomas and Mohler, Kathrin and Kampik, Anselm and Neubauer, Aljoscha S. and Wieser, Wolfgang and Huber, Robert and Haritoglou, Christos},
   title = {Wide Field MHz OCT imaging of the vitreoretinal interface},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {55},
   number = {13},
   pages = {1619-1619},
   abstract = { PurposeTo investigate changes caused by vitreoretinal interface disease with a multi-MHz OCT over a wide field of view of 60°.  MethodsWe used custom swept-source OCT device with a 1060nm Fourier-domain mode-locked laser source achieving a line rate of 1.68MHz. Within 1.82s datasets consisting of 2088x1024 A-scans over 60° were acquired from 5 patients with vitreoretinal traction due to VMTS and 3 patients with vascular pathology. The densely sampled three dimensional datasets were investigated in B-Scan cross-sections as well as en-face images and 3D reconstructions.  ResultsVitreoretinal traction could be imaged well in most of the cases, although the current sensitivity of the system limited image quality. Across the whole 60° field of view in the OCT datasets vitreoretinal tractions could be topographically assessed, always including the macula and optic disc, where vitreous anchorage could be shown. By means of the depth-scans as part of the 3D OCT volume we could image traction-associated retinal changes such as retinal elevation or RPE detachment.  ConclusionsThis unique three dimensional visualization of the retina over 60° field of view with a MHz OCT is feasible in patients with vitreoretinal interface disease and might offer additional clinical insights on the three-dimensional topology of tractional changes. Three dimensional Wide Field MHz OCT retinal and vitreous visualization.},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/},
   year = {2014},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Klein2014,
   author = {Klein, Thomas and Draxinger, Wolfgang and Mohler, Kathrin and Kolb, Jan Philip and Wieser, Wolfgang and Kampik, Anselm and Neubauer, Aljoscha S. and Wolf, Armin and Huber, Robert},
   title = {Wide-field choroidal thickness and en-face maps of patients created with MHz-OCT},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {55},
   number = {13},
   pages = {1620-1620},
   abstract = { PurposeTo study the feasibility of simultaneous peripheral and central choroidal thickness measurement and en-face visualization in patients with a variety of diseases, using a single high-resolution wide-field MHz-OCT dataset spanning more than 50 degrees field of view.  MethodsIn this retrospective study, choroidal morphology of 29 patients imaged with MHz-OCT was assessed. MHz-OCT is a custom SS-OCT operating at 1060nm and an axial line rate of 1.68MHz. The high speed, more than 30 times faster than current commercial devices, enabled a very high resolution scan protocol of 2088x1024 A-scans over a wide field of ~60 degrees. However, due to the very high speed, signal strength is lower compared to slower devices. Hence, thickness and structure maps were only created for selected datasets: The positions of Bruch’s membrane and choroid sclera junction were determined manually by a trained observer a subset of all A-scans, from which thickness and intensity maps were created.  ResultsDespite relative low signal strength, the choroid sclera junction could be clearly observed over the entire unshadowed image area in 15 of 29 patients. Apart from shadowing, visibility of this junction shows strong variation even within a single dataset due to varying retinal thickness, eye-blinks, saccades and retinal curvature. Thus, thickness could be evaluated at least in some areas for all 29 patients, especially in the periphery. Moreover, choroidal thickness varied considerably intra- and interindividually. In two patients, abrupt changes of the choroid were observed in the temporal periphery, which may resemble morphology or imaging artifact. In addition to thickness, en-face choroidal structure maps were extracted from the segmented OCT datasets. Visibility of choroidal vasculature in these maps correlates with choroidal thickness.  ConclusionsChoroidal thickness and structure in patients could be visualized over large areas for the first time. Due to focal choroidal thickness changes with large thickness gradients, high-density scan protocols may be favorable for OCT-based investigations of the choroid. En-face images of the choroid can be extracted from these high-resolution datasets, but the influence of choroidal thickness on the image information should be taken into account. Choroidal en-face image (top), color-coded thickness map with superimposed structural image (middle) and OCT B-frame (bottom) for two eyes (A,B).},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/},
   year = {2014},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Kolb2014,
   author = {Kolb, Jan Philip and Klein, Thomas and Mohler, Kathrin and Wieser, Wolfgang and Reznicek, Lukas and Kernt, Marcus and Kampik, Anselm and Neubauer, Aljoscha S. and Huber, Robert},
   title = {Widefield Megahertz (MHz) OCT of diabetic retinopathy},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {55},
   number = {13},
   pages = {5018-5018},
   abstract = { PurposeTo investigate morphological appearance of diabetic retinopathy and laser effects in panretinal laser photocoagulation with a widefield MHz OCT (60° field of view, 120° center angle).  MethodsA custom swept-source OCT device with a 1060nm Fourier-domain mode-locked laser source achieving a line rate of 1.68MHz was used to investigate 15 consecutive patients with diabetic retinopathy. Within 1.82s datasets consisting of 2088x1024 A-scans over 60° were acquired. The densely sampled three dimensional datasets were investigated in various B-Scan cross-sections as well as en-face images and 3D reconstructions. Selected findings were compared with SLO images from a widefield SLO (Optos, Dunfermeline, UK).  ResultsOn the densely sampled 3D and en-face images, hard exsudates, peripheral laser spots as well as proliferative neovascularization were readily detected. Characteristic structural changes resulting from laser burns could easily be visualized across the whole field of view in the OCT datasets. In addition, depth-scans and B-scans allowed to identify additional structural changes including IS/OS disruption, RPE detachment or neovascularisation reaching into the vitreous across the field of view.  ConclusionsThree dimensional visualization of the retina over 60° field of view with a MHz OCT is feasible in patients with diabetic retinopathy. It might allow additional clinical insights in peripheral changes such as laser spots or retinal neovascularisation. 3D reconstruction of OCT dataset of patient with diabetic retinopathy with neovascularization (green), hard exsudates (yellow), epiretinal membrane and peripheral retinal scars after panretinal laser treatment (blue). Indications with arrows are examplatory. Top: En-face of same patient as in figure 1. Red line indicates the position of B-Frame below. Retinal scars due to focal laser coagulation temporal of the fovea visible. Bottom: Neovascularisation (green) reaching into the vitreous is visible on the left side. Retinal scars especially on RPE level due to panretinal laser treatment (blue) are observable.},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/},
   year = {2014},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Rohde2014,
   author = {Rohde, Ingo and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Gain broadening and mode-locking in overcoupled second harmonic Q-switched microsecond pulses},
   journal = {Journal of Optics},
   volume = {16},
   number = {10},
   pages = {105209},
   abstract = {An intracavity frequency doubled, Q-switched Nd:YLF emitting at a wavelength of 527 nm was designed with the goal to temporally stretch the Q-switched pulses up to some microseconds at pulse energies of several millijoules. With different resonator configurations pulse durations between 12 μ s and 3 μ s with energies of 1 mJ–4.5 mJ have been achieved, which is demanded for an application in ophthalmology. For tighter intracavity foci and high pump power, however, strong power modulations by trains of picosecond pulses on the rear flank of the microsecond pulses were observed, indicating the occurrence of cascading nonlinearities and mode-locking. Simultaneously a significant increase of the fundamental spectrum up to 5 nm was found. A similar effect, which is referred to as gain broadening, has previously been observed by using ppKTP for intracavity second harmonic generation. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first observation of this effect with unpoled second harmonic media.},
   ISSN = {2040-8986},
   url = {http://stacks.iop.org/2040-8986/16/i=10/a=105209},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@Article{HU_2014_Wieser_b,
  Title                    = {{A 4-D OCT Engine with 1 GVoxel/s}},
  Author                   = {Wieser, Wolfgang and Draxinger, Wolfgang and Klein, Thomas and Karpf, Sebastian and Pfeiffer, Tom and Huber, Robert},
  Journal                  = {Optics and Photonics News},
  Year                     = {2014},

  Month                    = dec,
  Number                   = {12},
  Pages                    = {36 },
  Volume                   = {25},
keywords = {AG-Huber_FDML, AG-Huber_OCT},

  Publisher                = {OSA},
  Url                      = { http://www.osa-opn.org/home/articles/volume_25/december_2014/extras/a_4-d_oct_engine_with_1_gvoxel_s/#.VcH21Pl5raw}
}

@article{Vogel2014,
   author = {Vogel, A and Freidank, S and Linz, N },
   title = {Alternativen zur Femtosekundentechnologie: UV Subnanosekunden-pulse und Ringfoki für LASIK Flaperzeugung (at press)},
   journal = {Ophthalomologe },
   volume = {111},
   number = {6},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Eibl:14,
author = {Matthias Eibl and Sebastian Karpf and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
booktitle = {CLEO: 2014},
journal = {CLEO: 2014},
keywords = {Lasers, tunable; Scattering, stimulated Raman; Spectroscopy, Raman; Laser light; Laser sources; Master oscillator power amplifiers; Raman spectroscopy; Self phase modulation; Stimulated Raman scattering},
pages = {ATu3P.4},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Broadband, High Resolution Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy with Rapidly Wavelength Swept cw-Lasers},
year = {2014},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_AT-2014-ATu3P.4},
doi = {10.1364/CLEO_AT.2014.ATu3P.4},
abstract = {A fast all fiber based setup for stimulated Raman spectroscopy with a rapidly wavelength swept cw-laser is presented. It enables flexible acquisition of broadband (750 cm{\textminus}1 to 3150 cm{\textminus}1) spectra with high resolution (0.5 cm{\textminus}1).},
}

@article{Koinzer2014,
title        = {Calibration of histological retina specimens after fixation in Margo's solution and paraffin embedding to in-vivo dimensions, using photography and optical coherence tomography},
author       = {Koinzer, S. and Bajorat, S. and Hesse, C. and Caliebe, A. and Bever, M. and Brinkmann, R. and Roecken, C. and Roider, J.},
year         = 2014,
journal      = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
volume       = 252,
number       = 1,
pages        = {145--53},
doi          = {10.1007/s00417-013-2457-6},
issn         = {0721-832x},
note         = {1435-702x Koinzer, Stefan Bajorat, Sandra Hesse, Carola Caliebe, Amke Bever, Marco Brinkmann, Ralf Roecken, Christoph Roider, Johann Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Germany Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014 Jan;252(1):145-53. doi: 10.1007/s00417-013-2457-6. Epub 2013 Sep 14.},
abstract     = {BACKGROUND: The extent of retinal tissue deformation by histological processing needs to be separately measured for every workup protocol. This work presents a simple approach for its quantitative assessment, and shows lateral and axial scaling factors for a common protocol. We calibrated histological measurements by in-vivo photographic and optical coherence tomographic (OCT) measurements, using retinal photocoagulation lesions as calibration markers. METHODS: We evaluated four rabbit eyes that were examined histologically after fixation in Margo's solution(1% paraformaldehyde:1.25% glutaraldehyde), isopropanol dehydration, paraffin embedding and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Distances between 51 pairs of laser lesions were compared in photographs and on histological slides. Retinal thickness measurements were performed at 15 anatomically defined sites in these eyes, and related to anatomically matched OCT thickness measurements of six different rabbit eyes. RESULTS: We found that the ratio of histological over photographic lesion distances was 1.17 (95% CI 1.13-1.22), indicating 17% lateral retinal stretching or expansion by the processing. Thickness measurements in histology were 65.6% of the in-vivo thickness as measured in OCT, indicating 1/3 axial tissue compression or shrinkage. CONCLUSIONS: We provide an analysis of retinal tissue deformation after fixation in Margo's solution and paraffin embedding. In spite of protocol optimization for reduced tissue deformation, the workup caused 1/3 axial compression/shrinkage and 17% lateral elongation, which was unexpected. We show a simple way how to calibrate retina specimens by fundus photography and OCT, two methods that are readily available to most ophthalmologists. Our findings underline the necessity to calibrate specimens prior to morphometry.},
keywords     = {Animals Calibration *Histological Techniques Laser Coagulation *Paraffin Embedding Photography/*methods Rabbits *Retina *Tissue Fixation Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods},
type         = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Karpf:14,
author = {Sebastian Karpf and Matthias Eibl and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
booktitle = {CLEO: 2014},
journal = {CLEO: 2014},
keywords = {Lasers, tunable; Scattering, stimulated Raman; Raman microscopy; Biological imaging; Medical imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Raman microscopy; Raman scattering; Swept lasers},
pages = {SM3P.3},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Microscopy with Fiber-based, Rapidly Wavelength Swept cw-Lasers},
year = {2014},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_SI-2014-SM3P.3},
doi = {10.1364/CLEO_SI.2014.SM3P.3},
abstract = {A hyperspectral stimulated Raman microscopy system using rapidly wavelength swept lasers is presented. Imaging of biological samples with shot noise limited detection is demonstrated with the fiber based setup.},
}

@article{Rudolf2014,
   author = {Rudolf, M. and Mohi, A. and Dettbarn, M. C. and Miura, Y. and Aherrahrou, Z. and Ranjbar, M. and Mutus, B. and Knobloch, J. K.},
   title = {Detection of esterified cholesterol in murine Bruch's membrane wholemounts with a perfringolysin O-based cholesterol marker},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {55},
   number = {8},
   pages = {4759-67},
   note = {1552-5783
Rudolf, Martin
Mohi, Armin
Dettbarn, Marie C
Miura, Yoko
Aherrahrou, Zouhair
Ranjbar, Mahdy
Mutus, Bulent
Knobloch, Johannes K M
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Jul 1;55(8):4759-67. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-14311.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of Bruch's membrane (BrM) neutral lipid deposition in mouse models and its significance to aging and age-related macular degeneration, it is essential to reliably detect small quantities of neutral lipids including esterified cholesterol (EC). In chorioretinal sections and BrM wholemounts, we tested a novel fluorescent cholesterol marker based on the bacterial toxin perfringolysin O (PFO) and compared results with those obtained with the classic cholesterol dye filipin. METHODS: An engineered plasmid containing the specific cholesterol binding domain (D4) of PFO fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) was expressed in cultured E. coli, isolated, purified, and concentrated. A total of 150 BrM-choroid wholemounts and chorioretinal sections of 11- to 13-month-old ApoE(null) mice were prepared and stained with PFO/D4-GFP or filipin for EC. Samples were examined by epifluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: The fluorescence intensity of PFO/D4-GFP was strong, stable, and, if small quantities of EC were present, superior to filipin. In all specimens, we could sharply locate the PFO/D4-GFP signal to BrM. A semiquantitative evaluation of BrM lipid deposition is possible by measuring PFO/D4-GFP fluorescence intensity. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PFO/D4-GFP allowed a robust and direct detection of EC in aged murine BrM. In wholemount samples, its strong and stable fluorescence facilitated a semiquantitative evaluation of BrM-EC content over a large area. The patterns of EC deposition in murine BrM wholemounts are comparable with findings in human BrM wholemounts. Perfringolysin O/D4-GFP could be an important tool for investigating the effects of BrM lipid deposition in mouse models.},
   keywords = {Aging/*metabolism/pathology
Animals
Bacterial Toxins
Bruch Membrane/*metabolism/ultrastructure
Cells, Cultured
Cholesterol Esters/*metabolism
Clostridium perfringens
Disease Models, Animal
Feasibility Studies
Female
Hemolysin Proteins/*diagnostic use
Humans
Macular Degeneration/*diagnosis/metabolism
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.14-14311},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Koinzer2014,
   title        = {Comprehensive detection, grading, and growth behavior evaluation of subthreshold and low intensity photocoagulation lesions by optical coherence tomographic and infrared image analysis},
   author       = {Koinzer, S. and Caliebe, A. and Portz, L. and Saeger, M. and Miura, Y. and Schlott, K. and Brinkmann, R. and Roider, J.},
   year         = 2014,
   journal      = {Biomed Res Int},
   volume       = 2014,
   pages        = 492679,
   doi          = {10.1155/2014/492679},
   url          = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/492679},
   note         = {2314-6141 Koinzer, Stefan Caliebe, Amke Portz, Lea Saeger, Mark Miura, Yoko Schlott, Kerstin Brinkmann, Ralf Roider, Johann Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:492679. doi: 10.1155/2014/492679. Epub 2014 May 12.},
   abstract     = {PURPOSE: To correlate the long-term clinical effect of photocoagulation lesions after 6 months, as measured by their retinal damage size, to exposure parameters. We used optical coherence tomographic (OCT)-based lesion classes in order to detect and assess clinically invisible and mild lesions. METHODS: In this prospective study, 488 photocoagulation lesions were imaged in 20 patients. We varied irradiation diameters (100/300 microm), exposure-times (20-200 ms), and power. Intensities were classified in OCT images after one hour, and we evaluated OCT and infrared (IR) images over six months after exposure. RESULTS: For six consecutive OCT-based lesion classes, the following parameters increased with the class: ophthalmoscopic, OCT and IR visibility rate, fundus and OCT diameter, and IR area, but not irradiation power. OCT diameters correlated with exposure-time, irradiation diameter, and OCT class. OCT classes discriminated the largest bandwidth of OCT diameters. CONCLUSION: OCT classes represent objective and valid endpoints of photocoagulation intensity even for "subthreshold" intensities. They are suitable to calculate the treated retinal area. As the area is critical for treatment efficacy, OCT classes are useful to define treatment intensity, calculate necessary lesion numbers, and universally categorize lesions in clinical studies.},
   type         = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Ansari2014,
   author = {Ansari, Rehman and Myrtus, Christian and Aherrahrou, Redouane and Erdmann, Jeanette and Schweikard, Achim and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed spectral domain optical coherence phase microscopy},
   journal = {Optics Letters},
   volume = {39},
   number = {1},
   pages = {45-47},
   abstract = {We present an ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed spectral domain optical coherence phase microscopy (SD-OCPM) system that combines submicrometer transverse spatial resolution and subnanometer optical path length sensitivity, with an acquisition speed of over 217,000  voxels/s. The proposed SD-OCPM system overcomes two significant drawbacks of traditional common-path interferometers—limited transverse spatial resolution and suboptimal detection sensitivity—while maintaining phase stability that is comparable with common-path interferometer setups. The transverse and axial spatial resolution of the setup is measured to be 0.6 and 1.9 μm, respectively, with a phase sensitivity of 0.0027 rad (corresponds to optical path length sensitivity of 110 pm). High-speed acquisition allows for phase-sensitive 4D imaging of biological samples with subcellular resolution.},
   keywords = {Microscopy
Coherence imaging
Three-dimensional microscopy},
   DOI = {10.1364/OL.39.000045},
   url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-39-1-45},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Miura2014,
   author = {Yoko, Miura},
   title = {Retinal Laser Therapy: Recent Unique Developments Behind the Brilliant Front Stage of Anti-VEGF Treatment},
   journal = {J Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
   volume = {5},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1-2},
   note = {-},
   DOI = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9570.1000e114},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Ansari2014,
   author = {Ansari, R; Myrtus, C; Aherrahrou, R; Erdmann, J;Schweikard, A and Hüttmann, G},
   title = {Ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed spectral domain optical coherence phase microscopy},
   journal = {Opt Lett} {39(1)},
   
   pages = {45-47},
   abstract = {We present an ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed spectral domain optical coherence phase microscopy (SD-OCPM) system that combines submicrometer transverse spatial resolution and subnanometer optical path length sensitivity, with an acquisition speed of over 217,000  voxels/s. The proposed SD-OCPM system overcomes two significant drawbacks of traditional common-path interferometers—limited transverse spatial resolution and suboptimal detection sensitivity—while maintaining phase stability that is comparable with common-path interferometer setups. The transverse and axial spatial resolution of the setup is measured to be 0.6 and 1.9 μm, respectively, with a phase sensitivity of 0.0027 rad (corresponds to optical path length sensitivity of 110 pm). High-speed acquisition allows for phase-sensitive 4D imaging of biological samples with subcellular resolution.},
   keywords = {Microscopy
Coherence imaging
Three-dimensional microscopy},
   DOI = {10.1364/OL.39.000045},
   url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-39-1-45},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Evers2014,
   author = {Evers, M. and Ha, L. and Welford, D. and Birngruber, R. and Manstein, D.},
   title = {Wavelength-Dependence of Fractional Ablations in Biological Materials Using a Tunable Cr2+:Znse/S Infrared Laser},
   journal = {Lasers in Surgery and Medicine},
   volume = {46},
   pages = {38-39},
   note = {Suppl. 25
Ad2hq
119
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0196-8092},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000333055800109},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Rohde2014,
   author = {Rohde, I. and Masch, J. M. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Marczynski-Bühlow, M. and Bombien Quaden, R. and Lutter, G. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Resection of Calcified Aortic Heart Leaflets In Vitro by Q-Switched 2 µm Microsecond Laser Radiation},
   journal = {Journal of Cardiac Surgery},
   volume = {30},
   number = {2},
   pages = {157-162},
   ISSN = {1540-8191},
   DOI = {10.1111/jocs.12481},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocs.12481},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{
   author = {Horstmann, J and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Optical full-field holographic detection system for non-contact photoacoustic tomography},
   publisher = {Proc. SPIE},
year = {2014},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@book{Strauch2015,
   author = {Strauch, M;Livshits, I L;Bociort, F and Urbach, H P},
   title = {Wide-angle spectral imaging using a Fabry-Pérot interferometer},
   volume = {10},
   series = {2015},
   ISBN = {1990-2573|escape}},
   url = {https://www.jeos.org/index.php/jeos_rp/article/view/15037%J Journal of the European Optical Society - Rapid publications},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Book}
}

@article{Li2014,
   author = {Li, Z. X. and Roussakis, E. and Koolen, P. G. L. and Ibrahim, A. M. S. and Kim, K. and Rose, L. F. and Wu, J. and Nichols, A. J. and Baek, Y. and Birngruber, R. and Apiou-Sbirlea, G. and Matyal, R. and Huang, T. and Chan, R. and Lin, S. J. and Evans, C. L.},
   title = {Non-invasive transdermal two-dimensional mapping of cutaneous oxygenation with a rapid-drying liquid bandage},
   journal = {Biomedical Optics Express},
   volume = {5},
   number = {11},
   pages = {3748-3764},
   ISSN = {2156-7085},
   DOI = {10.1364/Boe.5.003748},
  
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Guder2014,
   author = {Guder, Ellen and Lankenau, Eva and Fleischhauer, F. and Schulz-Hildebrandt, H. and Hüttmann, G. and Pau, H. W. and Just, Tino},
   title = {Microanatomy of the tympanic membrane in chronic myringitis obtained with optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology},
   pages = {1-7},
   keywords = {Optical coherence tomography
Tympanic membrane
Chronic myringitis},
   ISSN = {0937-4477},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00405-014-3373-z},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-014-3373-z},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0081499,
    doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0081499},
    author = {Choi, WooJhon AND Mohler, Kathrin J. AND Potsaid, Benjamin AND Lu, Chen D. AND Liu, Jonathan J. AND Jayaraman, Vijaysekhar AND Cable, Alex E. AND Duker, Jay S. AND Huber, Robert AND Fujimoto, James G.},
    journal = {PLOS ONE},
    publisher = {Public Library of Science},
    title = {Choriocapillaris and Choroidal Microvasculature Imaging with Ultrahigh Speed OCT Angiography},
    year = {2013},
    month = {12},
    volume = {8},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081499},
    pages = {1-8},
    abstract = {We demonstrate in vivo choriocapillaris and choroidal microvasculature imaging in normal human subjects using optical coherence tomography (OCT). An ultrahigh speed swept source OCT prototype at 1060 nm wavelengths with a 400 kHz A-scan rate is developed for three-dimensional ultrahigh speed imaging of the posterior eye. OCT angiography is used to image three-dimensional vascular structure without the need for exogenous fluorophores by detecting erythrocyte motion contrast between OCT intensity cross-sectional images acquired rapidly and repeatedly from the same location on the retina. En face OCT angiograms of the choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature are visualized by acquiring cross-sectional OCT angiograms volumetrically via raster scanning and segmenting the three-dimensional angiographic data at multiple depths below the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Fine microvasculature of the choriocapillaris, as well as tightly packed networks of feeding arterioles and draining venules, can be visualized at different en face depths. Panoramic ultra-wide field stitched OCT angiograms of the choriocapillaris spanning ∼32 mm on the retina show distinct vascular structures at different fundus locations. Isolated smaller fields at the central fovea and ∼6 mm nasal to the fovea at the depths of the choriocapillaris and Sattler's layer show vasculature structures consistent with established architectural morphology from histological and electron micrograph corrosion casting studies. Choriocapillaris imaging was performed in eight healthy volunteers with OCT angiograms successfully acquired from all subjects. These results demonstrate the feasibility of ultrahigh speed OCT for in vivo dye-free choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature imaging, in addition to conventional structural imaging.},
    number = {12},

}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2032723,
author = {Tianshi Wang and Wolfgang Wieser and Geert Springeling and Robert Beurskens and Charles T. Lancee and Tom Pfeiffer and Antonius F. W. van der Steen and Robert Huber and Gijs van Soest},
title = {{Ultrahigh-speed intravascular optical coherence tomography imaging at 3200 frames per second}},
volume = {8802},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Techniques VI},
editor = {Brett E. Bouma and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {88020O},
abstract = {We demonstrated intravascular OCT imaging with frame rate up to 3.2 kHz (192,000 rpm scanning). This was achieved by
using a custom-built catheter in which the circumferential scanning was actuated by a 1.0 mm diameter synchronous
motor. The OCT system was based on a Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser operating at an A-line rate of 1.6 MHz. The
diameter of the catheter was 1.1 mm at the tip. Ex vivo images of human coronary artery (~78.4 mm length) were acquired
at a pullback speed of 100 mm/s. True 3D volumetric imaging of the entire artery, with adequate sampling in all
dimensions, was performed in < 1 second acquisition time.},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1117/12.2032723},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2032723}
}

@inproceedings{Karpf:13,
author = {Sebastian Karpf and Matthias Eibl and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
booktitle = {CLEO: 2013},
journal = {CLEO: 2013},
keywords = {Lasers, fiber; Scattering, stimulated Raman; Spectroscopy, Raman; Fourier domain mode locking; Lasers; Optical coherence tomography; Raman lasers; Raman spectroscopy; Swept lasers},
pages = {CTu2H.5},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {FDML Raman: High Speed, High Resolution Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy with Rapidly Wavelength Swept Lasers},
year = {2013},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_SI-2013-CTu2H.5},
doi = {10.1364/CLEO_SI.2013.CTu2H.5},
abstract = {An all fiber based system for high speed, high resolution Raman sensing is presented. The system is based on a wavelength swept Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser for the detection of the Raman signal.},
}

@Article{HU_2013_Eigenwillig_b,
  Title                    = {{Picosecond pulses from wavelength-swept continuous-wave Fourier domain mode-locked lasers}},
  Author                   = {Eigenwillig, Christoph M and Wieser, Wolfgang and Todor, Sebastian and Biedermann, Benjamin R and Klein, Thomas and Jirauschek, Christian and Huber, Robert},
  Journal                  = {Nature communications},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Month                    = jan,
  Pages                    = {1848--1855},
  Volume                   = {4},
  Doi                      = {10.1038/ncomms2870},
  ISSN                     = {2041-1723},
keywords = {AG-Huber_FDML, AG-Huber_OCT},
  Url                      = {http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v4/n5/abs/ncomms2870.html}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{6801995,
  author={Karpf, Sebastian and Eibl, Matthias and Wieser, Wolfgang and Klein, Thomas and Huber, Robert},
  booktitle={2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC}, 
  title={FDML Raman: New high resolution SRS with ultra broadband spectral coverage}, 
  year={2013},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-1},
  doi={10.1109/CLEOE-IQEC.2013.6801995}}

@INPROCEEDINGS{6801076,
  author={Eigenwillig, Christoph M. and Todor, Sebastian and Wieser, Wolfgang and Biedermann, Benjamin R. and Klein, Thomas and Jirauschek, Christian and Huber, Robert},
  booktitle={2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC}, 
  title={Picosecond pulses from a Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser}, 
  year={2013},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-1},
  doi={10.1109/CLEOE-IQEC.2013.6801076}}

@article{Wang:13,
author = {Tianshi Wang and Wolfgang Wieser and Geert Springeling and Robert Beurskens and Charles T. Lancee and Tom Pfeiffer and Antonius F. W. van der Steen and Robert Huber and Gijs van Soest},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Endoscopic imaging; Endoscopic imaging; Fourier domain mode locking; Image quality; Laser modes; Optical coherence tomography; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {10},
pages = {1715--1717},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Intravascular optical coherence tomography imaging at 3200 frames per second},
volume = {38},
month = {May},
year = {2013},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-38-10-1715},
doi = {10.1364/OL.38.001715},
abstract = {We demonstrate intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging with frame rate up to 3.2\&\#xA0;kHz (192,000\&\#xA0;rpm scanning). This was achieved by using a custom-built catheter in which the circumferential scanning was actuated by a 1.0\&\#xA0;mm diameter synchronous motor. The OCT system, with an imaging depth of 3.7\&\#xA0;mm (in air), is based on a Fourier domain mode locked laser operating at an A-line rate of 1.6\&\#xA0;MHz. The diameter of the catheter is 1.1\&\#xA0;mm at the tip. Ex vivo images of human coronary artery (78.4\&\#xA0;mm length) were acquired at a pullback speed of 100\&\#x2009;\&\#x2009;mm/s. True 3D volumetric imaging of the entire artery, with dense and isotropic sampling in all dimensions, was performed in \<1 second acquisition time.},
}

@article{Klein:13,
author = {Thomas Klein and Raphael Andr\'{e} and Wolfgang Wieser and Tom Pfeiffer and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Speckle; Medical optics instrumentation; Medical and biological imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Functional imaging; High speed imaging; Image quality; Imaging techniques; Medical imaging; Ophthalmic imaging},
number = {4},
pages = {619--634},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Joint aperture detection for speckle reduction and increased collection efficiency in ophthalmic MHz OCT},
volume = {4},
month = {Apr},
year = {2013},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-4-4-619},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.4.000619},
abstract = {Joint-aperture optical coherence tomography (JA-OCT) is an angle-resolved OCT method, in which illumination from an active channel is simultaneously probed by several passive channels. JA-OCT increases the collection efficiency and effective sensitivity of the OCT system without increasing the power on the sample. Additionally, JA-OCT provides angular scattering information about the sample in a single acquisition, so the OCT imaging speed is not reduced. Thus, JA-OCT is especially suitable for ultra high speed in-vivo imaging. JA-OCT is compared to other angle-resolved techniques, and the relation between joint aperture imaging, adaptive optics, coherent and incoherent compounding is discussed. We present angle-resolved imaging of the human retina at an axial scan rate of 1.68 MHz, and demonstrate the benefits of JA-OCT: Speckle reduction, signal increase and suppression of specular and parasitic reflections. Moreover, in the future JA-OCT may allow for the reconstruction of the full Doppler vector and tissue discrimination by analysis of the angular scattering dependence.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2006979,
author = {Yaokun Zhang and Tom Pfeiffer and Wolfgang Wieser and Marcel Weller and Robert Huber and Thomas Klenzner and J{\"o}rg Raczkowsky and Heinz W{\"o}rn},
title = {{History compounding: a novel speckle reduction technique for OCT guided cochleostomy}},
volume = {8571},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVII},
editor = {James G. Fujimoto and Joseph A. Izatt and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {85713H},
abstract = {Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising candidate for monitoring the bottom of the drilled channel during
cochleostomy to prevent injury to the critical structure under the bone tissue. While the thickness of the overlaying bone
tissue is changed during the drilling process, the wave front of the backscattered light is also altered, resulting in
changing speckle patterns of the observed structures in the sequential historical scans. By averaging the different patterns
in these scans, named history compounding, the speckles can be reduced and the detection of critical structure becomes
much easier. Before averaging, the refractive index of bone tissue ???????? has to be compensated so that the speckles of the
same structure in different historical scans can be aligned together. An accurate method for measuring the refractive
index n<sub>b</sub> using OCT is presented. Experiments were conducted to evaluate history compounding and the new technique
is proved to be an effective, flexible and intuitive speckle reduction technique for OCT guided cochleostomy as well as
hard tissue ablation of other kind.},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, speckle reduction, refractive index, cochleostomy, hard tissue ablation},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1117/12.2006979},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006979}
}

@article{10.1117/1.JBO.18.2.026008,
author = {Teresa Torzicky and Sebastian Marschall and Michael Pircher and Bernhard Baumann and Marco Bonesi and Stefan Zotter and Erich G{\"o}tzinger and Wolfgang Trasischker and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Robert A. Huber and Peter E. Andersen and Christoph K. Hitzenberger},
title = {{Retinal polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm with 350 kHz A-scan rate using an Fourier domain mode locked laser}},
volume = {18},
journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
number = {2},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {026008},
abstract = {We present a novel, high-speed, polarization-sensitive, optical coherence tomography set-up for retinal imaging operating at a central wavelength of 1060 nm which was tested for in vivo imaging in healthy human volunteers. We use the system in combination with a Fourier domain mode locked laser with active spectral shaping which enables the use of forward and backward sweep in order to double the imaging speed without a buffering stage. With this approach and with a custom designed data acquisition system, we show polarization-sensitive imaging with an A-scan rate of 350 kHz. The acquired three-dimensional data sets of healthy human volunteers show different polarization characteristics in the eye, such as depolarization in the retinal pigment epithelium and birefringence in retinal nerve fiber layer and sclera. The increased speed allows imaging of large volumes with reduced motion artifacts. Moreover, averaging several two-dimensional frames allows the generation of high-definition B-scans without the use of an eye-tracking system. The increased penetration depth of the system, which is caused by the longer probing beam wavelength, is beneficial for imaging choroidal and scleral structures and allows automated segmentation of these layers based on their polarization characteristics.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, Polarization, Birefringence, Imaging systems, Data acquisition, Image segmentation, Modulation, Mode locking, 3D acquisition, Retinal scanning},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1117/1.JBO.18.2.026008},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.18.2.026008}
}

@inproceedings{Bliedtner2013,
   author = {Bliedtner, Kathrin and Seifert, Eric and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Temperature induced tissue deformation monitored
by dynamic speckle interferometry},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Universität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2013},
url = { http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.714.8862&rep=rep1&type=pdf}
}

@article{Koinzer2013,
   author = {Koinzer, Stefan and Saeger, Mark and Hesse, Carola and Portz, Lea and Kleemann, Susanne and Schlott, Kerstin and Brinkmann, Ralf and Roider, Johann},
   title = {Correlation with OCT and histology of photocoagulation lesions in patients and rabbits},
   journal = {Acta Ophthalmologica},
   pages = {no-no},
   abstract = {Purpose:  To examine spectral domain optical coherence tomographic (OCT) and histological images from comparable retinal photocoagulation lesions in rabbits, and to correlate these images with comparable OCT images from patients. Methods:  508 rabbit lesions were examined by HE-stained paraffin histology. 1019 rabbit lesions versus 236 patient lesions were examined by OCT, all at the time-points 1 hr, 1 week and 4 weeks after photocoagulation. We analysed 100 μm lesions (in humans) and 133 μm lesions (in rabbits) of 200 ms exposures at powers titrated from the histological threshold up to intense damage. Lesions were matched according to morphological criteria. Results:  Dome-shaped layer alterations, retinal infiltration by round, pigmented cells, outer nuclear layer interruption, and eventually full thickness retinal coagulation are detectable in histology and OCT. Horizontal damage extensions are found 1½ times larger in OCT. More intense irradiation was necessary to induce comparable layer affection in rabbit OCT as in histology. Restoration of the inner retinal layers is only shown in the OCT images. Comparable primary lesions caused more pronounced OCT changes in patients than in rabbits during healing. Conclusions:  Optical coherence tomographic images indicate different tissue changes than histologic images. After photocoagulation, they show wider horizontal damage diameters, but underestimate axial damage particularly during healing. Conclusions on retinal restoration should not be drawn from OCT findings alone. Retinal recovery after comparable initial lesions appears to be more complete in rabbit than in patient OCTs.},
   keywords = {histology
laser
optical coherence tomography
photocoagulation
retina
retinal healing},
   year = {2013}
}

@inproceedings{Fink2013,
   author = {Fink, Peer K and Hillmann, Dierck and Franke, Gesa L and Ramm, Dirk and Koch, P and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Stray light rejection by structured illumination},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Universität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Fleischhauer2013,
   author = {Fleischhauer, Felix and Schulz-Hildebrandt, Hinnerk and Bonin, Tim and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography on different tissues samples for tumor discrimination},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Universität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
url = { https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a581/a18366acff021e12dcc090b40890ea70dcb8.pdf},
 year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Baade2013,
   author = {Baade, Alexander and Schlott, Kerstin and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {A numerical model for heat and pressure propagation for temperature controlled retinal photocoagulation},
   volume = {8803},
   pages = {88030O-88030O-9},
   note = {10.1117/12.2033590},
   abstract = {Retinal photocoagulation is an established treatment for various retinal diseases. The temperature development during a treatment can be monitored by applying short laser pulses in addition to the treatment laser light. The laser pulses induce thermoelastic pressure waves that can be detected at the cornea. We present a numerical model to examine the temperature development during the treatment as well as the formation and propagation of the ultrasonic waves. Using the model, it is possible to determine the peak temperature during retinal photocoagulation from the measured signal, and investigate the behaviour of the temperature profile and the accuracy of the temperature determination under varying conditions such as inhomogeneous pigmentation or change in irradiation parameters. It was shown that there is an uncertainty of 2.5 -9% in the determination of the peak temperature when the absorption coefficient between the absorbing layers is varied by a factor of 2. Furthermore the model was extended in order to incorporate the photoacoustic pressure generation and wave propagation. It was shown that for an irradiation pulse duration of 75 ns the resulting pressure wave energy is attenuated by 76 % due to frequency dependent attenuation in water.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2033590},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}, 
year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Sudkamp2013,
   author = {Sudkamp, Helge and Lee, H Y and Hüttmann, Gereon and Kellerbee, A K},
   title = {An approach to increase the speed of Optical Coherence Tomography using a Virtually Imaged Phased Array},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Universität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year= { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Rohde2013,
   author = {Rohde, Ingo and Masch, Jennifer- M. and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Marczynski-Bühlow, Martin and Lutter, Georg and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Cardiovascular damage after cw and Q-switched 2μm laser irradiation},
   volume = {8803},
   pages = {88030I-88030I-6},
   note = {10.1117/12.2033550},
   abstract = {Aiming for laser-assisted resection of calcified aortic valve structures for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), a Q-switched Tm:YAG laser emitting at a wavelength of 2.01 μm was used to evaluate the cutting efficiency on highly calcified human aortic leaflets in-vitro. The calcified aortic leaflets were examined regarding ablation rates and debris generation, using a pulse energy of 4.3 mJ, a pulse duration of 0.8-1 μs and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The radiation was transmitted via a 200 μm core diameter quartz fiber. Resection was performed in a fiber-tissue contact mode on water-covered samples in a dish. The remnant particles were analyzed with respect to quantity and size by light microscopy. Additionally, soft tissue of porcine aortic vessels was examined for histologically detectable thermo-mechanical damage after continuous wave and Q-switched 2μm laser irradiation. An ablation rate of 36.7 ± 25.3 mg/min could be realised on highly calcified aortic leaflets, with 85.4% of the remnant particles being <6 μm in diameter. The maximum damaged area of the soft tissue was < 1 mm for both, cw and pulsed laser irradiation. This limits the expected collateral damage of healthy tissue during the medical procedure. Overall, the Q-switched Tm:YAG laser system showed promising results in cutting calcified aortic valves, transmitting sufficient energy through a small flexible fibre.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2033550},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Wurster2013,
   author = {Wurster, Lara M and Warger, W C and Gora, M J and Carruth, R and Tearny, G J and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Design and development of a miniaturized scanning probe},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Universität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
URL = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.726.9913&rep=rep1&type=pdf},
year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Theisen-Kunde2013,
   author = {Theisen-Kunde, D. and Wolken, H. and Ellebrecht, D. and Danicke, V. and Wurster, L. and Kleemann, M. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Investigation of water spray to reduce collateral thermal damage during laser resection of soft tissue},
   volume = {8803},
   pages = {88030F-88030F-4},
   note = {10.1117/12.2032384},
   abstract = {To reduce unwanted collateral thermal damage to surrounding tissue and organs during laparoscopic laser dissection (cw, wavelength: 1.9μm) of porcine liver water spray was used. Size and amount of the produced water droplets of the water spray were photographed by short time imaging and analyzed by imaging software. At in vivo measurements on fresh porcine liver the depth of thermal damage was reduced by 85 % with water spray and the lateral size of thermal damage at the tissue surface could be reduced by 67%. This results show that especially for laparoscopic laser surgery water spray application might be a useful tool to avoid unwanted collateral thermal damage.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2032384},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@inproceedings{Klawitter2013,
   author = {Klawitter, Dominico and Hillmann, Dierck and Pieper, M and Steven, Philipp and Wenzel, J and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Speckle variance optical coherence tomography for
imaging microcirculation},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Universität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
url = { http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.716.940&rep=rep1&type=pdf},
year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Horstmann2013,
   author = {Horstmann, Jens and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Non-contact photoacoustic tomography using holographic full field detection},
   publisher = {Proc. SPIE},
   volume = {8800},
   pages = {880007-880007-6},
   note = {10.1117/12.2033599},
   abstract = {An innovative very fast non-contact imaging technique for Photoacoustic Tomography is introduced. It is based on holographic optical speckle detection of a transiently altering surface topography for the reconstruction of absorbing targets. The surface movement is obtained by parallel recording of speckle phase changes known as Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry. Due to parallelized 2-D camera detection and repetitive excitation with variable delay with respect to the image acquisition, data recording of whole volumes for Photoacoustic Imaging can be completed in times far below one second. The size of the detected area is scalable by optical magnification. As a proof of concept, an interferometric setup is realized, capable of surface displacement detection with an axial resolution of less than 3 nm. The potential of the proposed method for in vivo Photoacoustic Imaging is discussed.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2033599},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Evers2013,
   author = {Evers, Michael and Welford, David and Manstein, Dieter and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Mid-infrared laser spectroscopy using a tunable gain-switched Cr2+: ZnSe laser},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Unversität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
URL = { http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.727.5163&rep=rep1&type=pdf},
year = { 2013}
}

@inbook{Lauterborn2013,
   author = {Lauterborn, Werner and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Shock Wave Emission by Laser Generated Bubbles},
   booktitle = {Bubble Dynamics and Shock Waves},
   pages = {67-103},
   year = {2013}
}

@article{Franke2013,
   author = {Franke, Gesa Lilith and Hillmann, Dierck and Lührs, Christian and Koch, Peter and Wollenzin, Jörn and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Towards microscopic resolution in holoscopy},
   pages = {85711O-85711O},
   note = {10.1117/12.2006806},
   abstract = {Holoscopy is a new imaging approach combining digital holography and full-field Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. The interference pattern between light scattered by a sample and a defined reference wave is recorded and processed numerically. During reconstruction numerical refocusing is applied, overcoming the limitation of the focal depth and thus a uniform, diffraction limited lateral resolution over the whole measurement depth can be obtained. The advantage of numerical refocusing becomes especially significant for imaging at high numerical apertures (NAs). We use a high-resolution setup based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an high-resolution microscope objective (NA = 0.75). For reliable reconstruction of a sample volume the Rayleigh length of the microscope objective and the axial resolution, given by the spectral range of the light source, need to be matched. For a 0.75 NA objective a tunable light source with a sweeping range of ! 300nm is required. Here we present as a first step a tunable Ti:sapphire laser with a tuning range of 187 nm. By characterizing the spectral properties of the Ti:sapphire laser and determining the axial point spread function we demonstrate the feasibility of this light source for high-resolution holoscopy.},
   DOI = {10.1117/12.2006806},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2006806},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Lee2013,
   author = {Lee, Hee Yoon and Sudkamp, Helge and Marvdashti, Tahereh and Ellerbee, Audrey K.},
   title = {Interleaved optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Optics Express},
   volume = {21},
   number = {22},
   pages = {26542-26556},
   abstract = {We present a novel and cost-effective technique – interleaved optical coherence tomography (iOCT) – to enhance the imaging speed of swept source OCT systems by acquiring data from multiple lateral positions simultaneously during a single wavelength sweep, using a single detector and a virtually imaged phase array (VIPA) as a multi-band demultiplexer. This technique uses spectral encoding to convert coherence length into higher imaging speed; the speed enhancement factor is independent of the source speed or center wavelength, and the effective A-scan rate scales linearly with sweep speed. The optical configuration requires only a change in the sample arm of a traditional OCT system and preserves the axial resolution and fall-off characteristic of a traditional SS-OCT using the same light source. Using 10kHz, 20kHz and 100kHz sources we provide a first demonstration of image speed enhancement factors of up to 12, 6 and 10, respectively, which yield effective A-scan rates of 120kHz, 120kHz and 1MHz for B-scan imaging, with a sensitivity of up to 82.5 dB. We also show that iOCT can image faster dynamics than traditional OCT B-scan imaging and is capable of 3D biological imaging. The iOCT concept suggests a new route to high-speed OCT imaging for laser developers: that is, by focusing on improving the coherence length and linewidth of existing and emerging sources. Hence, iOCT is a nice complement to ongoing research and commercial efforts to enable faster imaging through development of lasers with faster sweep rates, and offers new hope for existing sources with slow sweep rates and potential for enhancement of coherence length to compete with faster sources to achieve high-speed OCT.},
   keywords = {Optical design of instruments
Imaging systems
Coherence imaging
Optical coherence tomography
Optical diagnostics for medicine},
   DOI = {10.1364/OE.21.026542},
   url = {http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-22-26542},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hillmann2013,
   author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Franke, Gesa and Hinkel, Laura and Bonin, Tim and Koch, Peter and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Off-axis full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography using holographic refocusing},
   pages = {857104-857104},
   note = {10.1117/12.2006436},
   abstract = {We demonstrate a full-field swept-source OCT using an off-axis geometry of the reference illumination. By using holographic refocusing techniques, a uniform lateral resolution is achieved over the measurement depth of approximately 80 Rayleigh lengths. Compared to a standard on-axis setup, artifacts and autocorrelation signals are suppressed and the measurement depth is doubled by resolving the complex conjugate ambiguity. Holographic refocusing was done efficiently by Fourier-domain resampling as demonstrated before in inverse scattering and holoscopy. It allowed to reconstruct a complete volume with about 10μm resolution over the complete measurement depth of more than 10mm. Off-axis full-field swept-source OCT enables high measurement depths, spanning many Rayleigh lengths with reduced artifacts.},
   DOI = {10.1117/12.2006436},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2006436},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Koop2013,
   author = {Koop, N},
   title = {Schreib‘ mal wieder! Neue Laser-Markierungsverfahren und spezielle Mikrobearbeitungen},
   journal = {GIT Labor-Fachzeitschrift},
   number = {9},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Oepen2013,
   author = {van Oepen, Alexander and Horstmann, Jens and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Characterization of an Electronic Speckle Pattern Detection System},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@article{Brinkmann2013,
   author = {Brinkmann, Ralf and Iwami, Hisashi and Pruessner, Joachim and Danicke, Veit and Miura, Yoko},
   title = {Temperature-dependent response of retinal pigment epithelial cells to laser irradiation},
   journal = {Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.},
   volume = {54},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1809-},
   abstract = {PurposeSublethal thermal therapy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is discussed as a new prophylactic therapy for age-related macular degeneration. However, temperature-dependent RPE cell effects have not been well elucidated. We investigated the biochemical responses of RPE cells following sublethal to lethal thermal laser irradiation. MethodsPorcine RPE cells cultured in a dish (33mm) were heated with a Thulium laser (1.92{micro}m, 1-20W, 10s) over a spot of 3mm. Temperatures during irradiation were measured with thermocouples. Cell viability was examined using annexin-V, ethidium homodimer III and Hoechst 33342 for detecting apoptotic, necrotic and living cell, respectively, by using fluorescence microscopy for localization and flow cytometry for quantification. Secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for 6h following irradiation on different temperatures was assessed with Elisa assay. In order to examine a protective effect of sublethal hyperthremia, the cells were heated up to 45C 24h prior to the exposure of 2 mM hydroxyl peroxide (H2O2) for 5 h. The involvement of TRPV (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid)-1 receptor, which is activated with temperatures > 43C, was investigated by adding capsazepin, a TRPV-1 inhibitor, before irradiation. ResultsCell apoptosis and necrosis was observed 24 h after irradiation with a central peak temperature [&ge;]52C. Fluorescence microscopy revealed apoptotic cells around the central necrotic area. VEGF secretion for 6h after irradiation was significantly increased at peak temperatures between 40 and 52C in a temperature dependent manner (max. 110%, p<0.05), whereas the total secretion decreases with temperatures > 52C. Pre-irradiation onto 45C significantly reduced H2O2-induced cell death after 5h compared to non-heated cells (total cell death: 15.6% to 10.2%, necrosis: 6% to 4 %, early apoptosis: 5.1% to 3.6%; p<0.01). These effects were not observed in the existence of capsazepin during laser irradiation. ConclusionsThe number of apoptotic and necrotic RPE cells increase at least over 24h following thermal laser irradiation. Sublethal temperatures between 40 and 52C seem to induce various cellular responses as VEGF secretion, which might be related to the protective effect against oxidative stress. Results with capsazepin suggest that TRPV-1 channel activation by hyperthermia is essential to exert this protective effect.},
   url = {http://abstracts.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/54/6/1809},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@misc{Miura2013,
   author = {Miura, Y and Huettmann, G and Orzekowsky-Schroeder, R and Steven, P and Szaszák, M and Koop, N and Brinkmann, R },
   title = {Two-photon Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Analysis of Lipid Peroxidation Product in Photoreceptor Outer Segment and in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell},
   publisher = {ARVO Meeting Abstracts},
   month = {March 26, 2012 },
   url = {http://www.abstractsonline.com/Plan/ViewAbstract.aspx?sKey=57630548-893d-4e45-9ddc-b6f547dd4ff0&cKey=d08a30bc-fe98-40a2-8a1c-1b171e4becd3&mKey=f0fce029-9bf8-4e7c-b48e-9ff7711d4a0e},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Poster}
}

@article{Cordes2013,
   author = {Cordes, Jens and Nguyen, Felix and Lange, Birgit and Brinkmann, Ralf and Jocham, Dieter},
   title = {Damage of Stone Baskets by Endourologic Lithotripters: A Laboratory Study of 5 Lithotripters and 4 Basket Types},
   journal = {Advances in Urology},
   volume = {2013},
   pages = {6},
   DOI = {10.1155/2013/632790},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/632790},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Miura2013,
   author = {Miura, Y. and Huettmann, G. and Orzekowsky-Schroeder, R. and Steven, P. and Szaszak, M. and Koop, N. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Two-Photon Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells under Oxidative Stress},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   note = {Miura, Yoko
Huettmann, Gereon
Orzekowsky-Schroeder, Regina
Steven, Philipp
Szaszak, Marta
Koop, Norbert
Brinkmann, Ralf
ENG
2013/04/06 06:00
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Apr 4. pii: iovs.13-11808v1. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-11808.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the autofluorescence (AF) of the RPE with two-photon microscopy (TPM) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) under normal and oxidative stress conditions. METHODS: Porcine RPE-choroid explants were used for investigation. The RPE-choroid tissue was preserved in a perfusion organ culture system. Oxidative stress was induced by laser photocoagulation with frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) and by exposure to different concentrations (0, 1, 10 mM) of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) for 1 hr. At indicated time points after exposure, the tissue was examined with TPM and FLIM. Intracellular reactive oxygen species around the photocoagulation lesion were detected with chloromethyl-2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA). Melanosomes were isolated from RPE cells and its fluorescence properties were investigated under normal and oxidized conditions. RESULTS: Under normal condition, AF in RPE cells with TPM is mostly originated from melanosomes, which has a very short fluorescence lifetime (FLT) (mean=117 ps). Under oxidative stress induced by laser irradiation and FeSO4 exposure, bright granular AF appears inside and around RPE cells, whose FLT is significantly longer (mean=1388 ps) than the FLT of the melanosome-AF. Excitation and emission peaks are found at 710-750 nm and 450-500 nm, respectively. Oxidative stress increases the fluorescence intensity of the melanosomes but does not change their FLT. CONCLUSION: TPM reveals acute oxidative stress-induced bright AF granules inside and around RPE cells which can be clearly discriminated from melanosomes by FLIM. TPM combined with FLIM is a useful tool of live-cell analysis to investigate functional alterations of the RPE.},
   year = {2013}
}

@inproceedings{Seifert2013,
   author = {Seifert, Eric and Roh, Young-Jung and Fritz, Andreas and Park, Young Gun and Kang, Seungbum and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Automatic irradiation control by an optical feedback technique for selective retina treatment (SRT) in a rabbit model},
   volume = {8803},
   pages = {880303-880303-6},
year = {2013},
   note = {10.1117/12.2033560},
   abstract = {Selective Retina Therapy (SRT) targets the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) without effecting neighboring layers as the photoreceptors or the choroid. SRT related RPE defects are ophthalmoscopically invisible. Owing to this invisibility and the variation of the threshold radiant exposure for RPE damage the treating physician does not know whether the treatment was successful or not. Thus measurement techniques enabling a correct dosing are a demanded element in SRT devices. The acquired signal can be used for monitoring or automatic irradiation control. Existing monitoring techniques are based on the detection of micro-bubbles. These bubbles are the origin of RPE cell damage for pulse durations in the ns and μs time regime 5μs. The detection can be performed by optical or acoustical approaches. Monitoring based on an acoustical approach has already been used to study the beneficial effects of SRT on diabetic macula edema and central serous retinopathy. We have developed a first real time feedback technique able to detect micro-bubble induced characteristics in the backscattered laser light fast enough to cease the laser irradiation within a burst. Therefore the laser energy within a burst of at most 30 pulses is increased linearly with every pulse. The laser irradiation is ceased as soon as micro-bubbles are detected. With this automatic approach it was possible to observe invisible lesions, an intact photoreceptor layer and a reconstruction of the RPE within one week.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2033560},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@article{Trost2013,
   author = {Trost, Andrea and Schroedl, Falk and Strohmaier, Clemens A and Bogner, Barbara and Runge, Christian and Kaser-Eichberger, Alexandra and Krefft, Karolina Anna and Vogel, Alfred and Linz, Norbert and Freidank, Sebastian and Hilpert, Andrea and Zimmermann, Inge and Grabner, Günther and Reitsamer, Herbert A},
   title = {A new nanosecond UV-laser at 355 nm: early results of corneal flap cutting in a rabbit model},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   abstract = {Purpose: A new 355nm UV laser was used for corneal flap cutting in an animal model and tested for clinical and morphological alterations. Methods: Corneal flaps were created (Chinchilla Bastards; n=25) with an UV-nanosecond laser at 355nm (150kHz, pulse duration 850ps, spot-size 1µm, spot-spacing 6x6µm, side-cut Δz 1µm; cutting depth 130µm) and pulse energies of 2.2 or 2.5µJ, respectively. Following slit lamp examination, animals were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24hrs after treatment. Corneas were prepared for histology (HE, TUNEL-assay) and evaluated statistically, followed by ultrastructural investigations. Results: Laser treatment was tolerated well, flap lift was easier at 2.5µJ compared to 2.2µJ. Standard HE at 24hrs revealed intact epithelium in the horizontal cut, with similar increase in corneal thickness at both energies. Irrespective of energy levels, TUNEL assay revealed comparable numbers of apoptotic cells in the horizontal and vertical cut at 6/12/24hrs, becoming detectable in the horizontal cut as an acellular stromal band at 24hrs. Ultrastructural analysis revealed regular morphology in the epi- and endothelium, while in the stroma, disorganized collagen lamellae were detectable representing the horizontal cut, again irrespective of energy levels applied. Conclusions:This new UV-laser revealed no epithelial nor endothelial damage at energies feasible for corneal flap cutting. Observed corneal swelling was lower compared to existing UV-lasers-studies, albeit total energy applied here was much higher. Observed loss of stromal keratinocytes is comparable to available laser systems. Therefore, this new laser is suitable for refractive surgery, awaiting its test in a chronic environment.},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.13-12580},
   url = {http://www.iovs.org/content/early/2013/10/28/iovs.13-12580.abstract},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Klein:13,
author = {Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Lukas Reznicek and Aljoscha Neubauer and Anselm Kampik and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Medical optics instrumentation; Lasers, fiber; Medical and biological imaging; Ophthalmic optics and devices ; Optical coherence tomography; Adaptive optics; Distributed Bragg reflectors; Fiber Bragg gratings; Functional imaging; Image quality; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {10},
pages = {1890--1908},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Multi-MHz retinal OCT},
volume = {4},
month = {Oct},
year = {2013},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-4-10-1890},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.4.001890},
abstract = {We analyze the benefits and problems of in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the human retina at A-scan rates in excess of 1 MHz, using a 1050 nm Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) laser. Different scanning strategies enabled by MHz OCT line rates are investigated, and a simple multi-volume data processing approach is presented. In-vivo OCT of the human ocular fundus is performed at different axial scan rates of up to 6.7 MHz. High quality non-mydriatic retinal imaging over an ultra-wide field is achieved by a combination of several key improvements compared to previous setups. For the FDML laser, long coherence lengths and 72 nm wavelength tuning range are achieved using a chirped fiber Bragg grating in a laser cavity at 419.1 kHz fundamental tuning rate. Very large data sets can be acquired with sustained data transfer from the data acquisition card to host computer memory, enabling high-quality averaging of many frames and of multiple aligned data sets. Three imaging modes are investigated: Alignment and averaging of 24 data sets at 1.68 MHz axial line rate, ultra-dense transverse sampling at 3.35 MHz line rate, and dual-beam imaging with two laser spots on the retina at an effective line rate of 6.7 MHz.},
}

@article{Bonesi:12,
author = {Marco Bonesi and Harald Sattmann and Teresa Torzicky and Stefan Zotter and Bernhard Baumann and Michael Pircher and Erich G\"{o}tzinger and Christoph Eigenwillig and Wolfgang Wieser and Robert Huber and Christoph K. Hitzenberger},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Optical diagnostics for medicine; Polarization-selective devices; High speed imaging; Image quality; Laser modes; Mode locking; Single mode fibers; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {11},
pages = {2987--3000},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {High-speed polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography scan engine based on Fourier domain mode locked laser},
volume = {3},
month = {Nov},
year = {2012},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-11-2987},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.3.002987},
abstract = {We report on a new swept source polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography scan engine that is based on polarization maintaining (PM) fiber technology. The light source is a Fourier domain mode locked laser with a PM cavity that operates in the 1300 nm wavelength regime. It is equipped with a PM buffer stage that doubles the fundamental sweep frequency of 54.5 kHz. The fiberization allows coupling of the scan engine to different delivery probes. In a first demonstration, we use the system for imaging human skin at an A-scan rate of 109 kHz. The system illuminates the sample with circularly polarized light and measures reflectivity, retardation, optic axis orientation, and Stokes vectors simultaneously. Furthermore, depolarization can be quantified by calculating the degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU). The high scanning speed of the system enables dense sampling in both, the x- and y-direction, which provides the opportunity to use 3D evaluation windows for DOPU calculation. This improves the spatial resolution of DOPU images considerably.},
}

@article{Blatter:12,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Pu Zou and Wolfgang Wieser and Aart-Jan Verhoef and Robert Huber and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Optical coherence tomography; Photoacoustic imaging; Interferometric imaging ; Photoacoustics ; In vivo imaging; Interferometry; Linewidth; Medical imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Swept sources},
number = {21},
pages = {4368--4370},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Intrasweep phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography for noncontact optical photoacoustic imaging},
volume = {37},
month = {Nov},
year = {2012},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-37-21-4368},
doi = {10.1364/OL.37.004368},
abstract = {We introduce a method to extract the photoacoustic (PA) signal from the phase time evolution of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) swept source spectral sweep. This all-optical detection is achieved in a noncontact fashion directly on the sample surface by using its specular reflection. High-speed measurement and referencing allow for close to shot noise limited phase-sensitive detection. It offers a simple way to perform OCT and PA imaging by sharing the same system components.},
}

@article{Blatter:12,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Jessika Weingast and Aneesh Alex and Branislav Grajciar and Wolfgang Wieser and Wolfgang Drexler and Robert Huber and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Optical coherence tomography; Flow diagnostics; Functional monitoring and imaging ; Fourier domain mode locking; High speed imaging; Image processing; In vivo imaging; Speckle imaging; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {10},
pages = {2636--2646},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {In situ structural and microangiographic assessment of human skin lesions with high-speed OCT},
volume = {3},
month = {Oct},
year = {2012},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-10-2636},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.3.002636},
abstract = {We demonstrate noninvasive structural and microvascular contrast imaging of different human skin diseases in vivo using an intensity difference analysis of OCT tomograms. The high-speed swept source OCT system operates at 1310 nm with 220 kHz A-scan rate. It provides an extended focus by employing a Bessel beam. The studied lesions were two cases of dermatitis and two cases of basal cell carcinoma. The lesions show characteristic vascular patterns that are significantly different from healthy skin. In case of inflammation, vessels are dilated and perfusion is increased. In case of basal cell carcinoma, the angiogram shows a denser network of unorganized vessels with large vessels close to the skin surface. Those results indicate that assessing vascular changes yields complementary information with important insight into the metabolic demand.},
}

@article{Wieser:12,
author = {Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Desmond C. Adler and Francois Tr\'{e}panier and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Sebastian Karpf and Joseph M. Schmitt and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Amplified spontaneous emission; Crystalline lens; Gastrointestinal imaging; High speed imaging; Image quality; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {10},
pages = {2647--2657},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Extended coherence length megahertz FDML and its application for anterior segment imaging},
volume = {3},
month = {Oct},
year = {2012},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-10-2647},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.3.002647},
abstract = {We present a 1300 nm Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser for optical coherence tomography (OCT) that combines both, a high 1.6 MHz wavelength sweep rate and an ultra-long instantaneous coherence length for rapid volumetric deep field imaging. By reducing the dispersion in the fiber delay line of the FDML laser, the instantaneous coherence length and hence the available imaging range is approximately quadrupled compared to previously published MHz-FDML setups, the imaging speed is increased by a factor of 16 compared to previous extended coherence length results. We present a detailed characterization of the FDML laser performance. We demonstrate for the first time MHz-OCT imaging of the anterior segment of the human eye. The OCT system provides enough imaging depth to cover the whole range from the top surface of the cornea down to the crystalline lens.},
}

@article{10.1117/1.JBO.17.7.070505,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Tilman Schmoll and Rainer A. Leitgeb and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Raphael J. Andr{\'e} and Robert Huber},
title = {{Ultrahigh-speed non-invasive widefield angiography}},
volume = {17},
journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
number = {7},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {070505},
abstract = {Retinal and choroidal vascular imaging is an important diagnostic benefit for ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. The current gold standard for vessel visualization is fluorescence angiography. We present a potential non-invasive alternative to image blood vessels based on functional Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). For OCT to compete with the field of view and resolution of angiography while maintaining motion artifacts to a minimum, ultrahigh-speed imaging has to be introduced. We employ Fourier domain mode locking swept source technology that offers high quality imaging at an A-scan rate of up to 1.68 MHz. We present retinal angiogram over ∼ 48  deg acquired in a few seconds in a single recording without the need of image stitching. OCT at 1060 nm allows for high penetration in the choroid and efficient separate characterization of the retinal and choroidal vascularization.},
keywords = {Angiography, Optical coherence tomography, Image segmentation, Retina, Capillaries, Tissues, Visualization, Diagnostics, Gold, Vascular imaging},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/1.JBO.17.7.070505},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.17.7.070505}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.922313,
author = {Sebastian Marschall and Teresa Torzicky and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Michael Pircher and Erich G{\"o}tzinger and Stefan Zotter and Marco Bonesi and Benjamin Biedermann and Christian Pedersen and Robert Huber and Christoph Hitzenberger and Peter Andersen},
title = {{High-speed polarization-sensitive OCT at 1060 nm using a Fourier domain mode-locked swept source}},
volume = {8427},
booktitle = {Biophotonics: Photonic Solutions for Better Health Care III},
editor = {J{\"u}rgen Popp and Wolfgang Drexler and Valery V. Tuchin and Dennis L. Matthews},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {84271D},
abstract = {Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the 1060nm range is interesting for in vivo imaging of the human
posterior eye segment (retina, choroid, sclera), as it permits a long penetration depth. Complementary to
structural images, polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) images visualize birefringent, polarization-maintaining
or depolarizing areas within the sample. This information can be used to distinguish retinal layers and structures
with different polarization properties. High imaging speed is crucial for imaging ocular structures in vivo in order
to minimize motion artifacts while acquiring sufficiently large datasets. Here, we demonstrate PS-OCT imaging
at 350 kHz A-scan rate using a two-channel PS-OCT system in conjunction with a Fourier domain mode-locked
laser. The light source spectrum spans up to 100nm around the water absorption minimum at 1060 nm. By
modulating the laser pump current, we can optimize the spectrum and achieve a depth resolution of 9 μm in air
(6.5 μm in tissue). We acquired retinal images in vivo with high resolution and deep penetration into choroid and
sclera, and features like the depolarizing RPE or an increasing phase retardation at the chorio-scleral interface
are clearly visualized.},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, polarization-sensitive OCT, swept source, Fourier domain mode-locking, 1060 nm},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/12.922313},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.922313}
}

@inproceedings{Wieser:12,
author = {Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Desmond C. Adler and Francois Tr\'{e}panier and Sebastian Karpf and Christoph M Eigenwillig and Joseph M. Schmitt and Robert Huber},
booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012},
journal = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Fiber Bragg gratings; Fourier domain mode locking; Image quality; Laser modes; Mode locking; Optical coherence tomography},
pages = {JTh3J.2},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Dispersion Compensated Megahertz FDML Laser for Imaging of the Anterior Segment},
year = {2012},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_AT-2012-JTh3J.2},
doi = {10.1364/CLEO_AT.2012.JTh3J.2},
abstract = {We present a Fourier domain mode locked laser at 1.6 MHz scan rate with greatly improved coherence length by reducing the laser cavity dispersion and the application of this laser in optical coherence tomography.},
}

@article{Todor:12,
author = {Sebastian Todor and Benjamin Biedermann and Robert Huber and Christian Jirauschek},
journal = {J. Opt. Soc. Am. B},
keywords = {Laser theory; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Mode locking; Numerical simulation; Optical amplifiers; Power spectra; Swept lasers; Tunable lasers},
number = {4},
pages = {656--664},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Balance of physical effects causing stationary operation of Fourier domain mode-locked lasers},
volume = {29},
month = {Apr},
year = {2012},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/josab/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-29-4-656},
doi = {10.1364/JOSAB.29.000656},
abstract = {We present a detailed analysis of the optical field dynamics in a Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) laser. We employ a numerical simulation based on the FDML evolution equation, describing the propagation of the optical light field. The temporal evolution of the instantaneous power spectrum at different points in the laser cavity is investigated. The results are carefully validated against experimental data, yielding good agreement. Deeper insight is gained into the role of the physical effects governing FDML dynamics, such as gain recovery and linewidth enhancement in the semiconductor optical amplifier, dispersion and self-phase modulation in the optical fiber, and the sweep filter action.},
}

@Article{HU_2012_Wieser_a,
  Title                    = {{Chromatic polarization effects of swept waveforms in FDML lasers and fiber spools}},
  Author                   = {Wieser, Wolfgang and Palte, Gesa and Eigenwillig, Christoph M and Biedermann, Benjamin R and Pfeiffer, Tom and Huber, Robert},
  Journal                  = {Optics express},
  Year                     = {2012},

  Month                    = apr,
  Number                   = {9},
  Pages                    = {9819--32},
  Volume                   = {20},

  Doi                      = {10.1364/OE.20.009819},
  ISSN                     = {1094-4087},
keywords = {AG-Huber_FDML, AG-Huber_OCT},
  Url                      = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-20-9-9819\&id=231991}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.908798,
author = {Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Raphael Andr{\'e} and Tom Pfeiffer and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Robert Huber},
title = {{Multi-MHz FDML OCT: snapshot retinal imaging at 6.7 million axial-scans per second}},
volume = {8213},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVI},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {82131E},
abstract = {We demonstrate the acquisition of densely sampled wide-field 3D OCT datasets of the human retina in 0.3s. This
performance is achieved with a multi-MHz Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) laser source operating at 1050nm. A two-beam
setup doubles the 3.35MHz laser sweep rate to 6.7MHz, which is 16x faster than results achieved with any non-FDML
source used for retinal OCT. We discuss two main benefits of these high line rates: First, large datasets over an ultra-wide
field of view can be acquired with a low probability of distortions. Second, even if eye movements occur, now the scan rate
is high enough to directly correct even the fastest saccades without loss of information.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, MHz OCT, Fourier-domain mode-locking, FDML, retinal imaging},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/12.908798},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.908798}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.906148,
author = {Sebastian Marschall and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Teresa Torzicky and Michael Pircher and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Christian Pedersen and Christoph K. Hitzenberger and Robert Huber and Peter E. Andersen},
title = {{Broadband Fourier domain mode-locked laser for optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm}},
volume = {8213},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVI},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {82130R},
abstract = {Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the 1060nm range is interesting for in vivo imaging of the human
posterior eye segment (retina, choroid, sclera) due to low absorption in water and deep penetration into the
tissue. Rapidly tunable light sources, such as Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers, enable acquisition
of densely sampled three-dimensional datasets covering a wide field of view. However, semiconductor optical
amplifiers (SOAs)-the typical laser gain media for swept sources-for the 1060nm band could until recently
only provide relatively low output power and bandwidth. We have implemented an FDML laser using a new SOA
featuring broad gain bandwidth and high output power. The output spectrum coincides with the wavelength
range of minimal water absorption, making the light source ideal for OCT imaging of the posterior eye segment.
With a moderate SOA current (270 mA) we achieve up to 100nm total sweep range and 12 μm depth resolution
in air. By modulating the current, we can optimize the output spectrum and thereby improve the resolution to
9 μm in air (~6.5 μm in tissue). The average output power is higher than 20mW. Both sweep directions show
similar performance; hence, both can be used for OCT imaging. This enables an A-scan rate of 350 kHz without
buffering the light source output.},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, tunable laser, swept source, Fourier domain mode-locking, broadband semiconductor optical amplifier},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/12.906148},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.906148}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.909830,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Robert Huber and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
title = {{Deep skin structural and microcirculation imaging with extended-focus OCT}},
volume = {8207},
booktitle = {Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics VIII},
editor = {Anita Mahadevan-Jansen and E. Duco Jansen and Andreas Mandelis and Kenton W. Gregory M.D. and Guillermo J. Tearney M.D. and Laura Marcu and Nikiforos Kollias and Bernard Choi and Haishan Zeng and Melissa J. Suter and Stephen Lam and Matthew Brenner and Hyun Wook Kang and Bodo E. Knudsen M.D. and Henry Hirschberg M.D. and Steen Madsen and Brian Jet-Fei Wong M.D. and Justus F. Ilgner M.D. and Krzysztof Izdebski},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {82070B},
abstract = {We present an extended focus OCT system for dermatologic applications that maintains high lateral resolution over a
large depth range by using Bessel beam illumination. More, Bessel beams exhibit a self-reconstruction property that is
particularly useful to avoid shadowing from surface structures such as hairs. High lateral resolution and high-speed
measurement, thanks to a rapidly tuning swept source, allows not only for imaging of small skin structures in depth but
also for comprehensive visualization of the small capillary network within the human skin in-vivo. We use this
information for studying temporal vaso-responses to hypothermia. In contrast to other perfusion imaging methods such
as laser Doppler imaging (LDI), OCT gives specific access to vascular responses in different vascular beds in depth.},
keywords = {Optical Coherence Tomography, FDML Swept Source, Extended focus, Bessel beam, Self-reconstruction property, Microcirculation imaging, Vasomechanics},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/12.909830},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.909830}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.908148,
author = {Desmond C. Adler and Wolfgang Wieser and Francois Trepanier and Joseph M. Schmitt and Robert A. Huber},
title = {{Coherence length extension of Fourier domain mode locked lasers}},
volume = {8213},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVI},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {82130O},
abstract = {Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) lasers provide high sweep rates, broad tuning ranges, and high output powers for
optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems. However, presently-known FDML lasers at 1300 nm have relatively
short coherence lengths, limiting the size of samples that can be imaged. Furthermore, FDML lasers produce only one
useable sweep direction. We report FDML coherence length extension by incorporating advanced dispersion
compensation modules (DCMs). DCMs eliminate group velocity dispersion in the cavity, doubling coherence lengths
and ensuring uniform axial resolution over the imaging range. Additionally, forward and backward sweeps are nearly
identical, removing the need for external buffering stages.},
keywords = {Fourier domain mode locked lasers, FDML, swept source, optical coherence tomography, dispersion compensation},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/12.908148},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.908148}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.911443,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Boris Hermann and Robert Huber and Wolfgang Drexler and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
title = {{Simultaneous dark-bright field swept source OCT for ultrasound detection}},
volume = {8213},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVI},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {82131M},
abstract = {We introduce a swept source FDOCT imaging system that allows measuring simultaneously the reflected light and
scattered light (bright field) and the scattered light only (dark field) in two different channels through separate Gaussian
and Bessel detection. Specular reflections can then be used to obtain knowledge about the sample time evolution with
high SNR for phase analysis. Based on this configuration, we provide a proof-of principle study for resolving ultrasound
pulse trains with high temporal resolution on surfaces, which potentially provides a novel phase sensitive all optical
detection scheme for the combination of OCT with photoacoustic imaging.},
keywords = {Dark field imaging, Bessel beam, Extended focus, FDML Swept Source, Multichannel detection, Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, Phase sensitive},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/12.911443},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911443}
}

@inproceedings{Hagen-Eggert,
   author = {Hagen-Eggert, M. and Koch, P. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {Analysis of the signal fall-off in spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems},
   editor = {Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8213},
   pages = {82131K},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910921},
   year = { 2012}

}

@inproceedings{
   author = {Just, T. and Wiechmann, T. and Stachs, O. and Stave, J. and Guthoff, R. and Huttmann, G. and Pau, H. W.},
   title = {Confocal endomicroscopy of the larynx},
   editor = {Nikiforos, Kollias and Bernard, Choi and Haishan, Zeng and Hyun Wook, Kang and Bodo, E. Knudsen and Brian Jet-Fei, Wong and Justus, F. Ilgner and Krzysztof, Izdebski and Melissa, J. Suter and Stephen, Lam and Matthew, Brenner and Kenton, W. Gregory and Guillermo, J. Tearney and Laura, Marcu and Henry, Hirschberg and Steen, Madsen and Anita, Mahadevan-Jansen and Jansen, E. Duco and Andreas, Mandelis},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8207},
   pages = {82072H},

}

@inproceedings{Otte2012,
   author = {Otte, Christoph and Huttmann, Gereon and Schlaefer, Alexander},
   title = {Feasibiliy of optical detection of soft tissue deformation during needle insertion},
   editor = {David, R. Holmes, III and Kenneth, H. Wong},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8316},
   pages = {83160V},
year = { 2012},
url = { https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/8316/83160V/Feasibiliy-of-optical-detection-of-soft-tissue-deformation-during-needle/10.1117/12.912538.short}

}

@inproceedings{Franke-2012,
   author = {Franke, Gesa Lilith and Hillmann, Dierck and Claussen, Thorsten and Luhrs, Christian and Koch, Peter and Huttmann, Gereon},
   title = {High resolution holoscopy},
   editor = {Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8213},
   pages = {821324},
URL = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911166},
year = { 2012}

}

@inproceedings{Hüttmann2012,
   author = {Hüttmann, G. and Orzekowsky-Schröder, R.},
   title = {Imaging of immune cell dynamics in small intestine and the eye  by 2-photon microcopy},
   booktitle = {7th Workshop on Advanced Multiphoton and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Techniques (FLIM 2012)},
year = { 2012},
   abstract = {Autofluorescence based 2-photon microscopy was investigated as a
tool for studying the dynamics of immunological processes in vivo. Nearly
all tissue components were simultaneously visible by autofluorescence and a
nearly complete visualization of tissue architecture was possible. Within
the tissue, immune competent cells like lymphocytes, macrophages and
dendritic cells were visualized in their dynamic interaction with other
cells or surrounding tissues.
Immunological processes were studied in the small intestine and at the
surface of the eye. Excitation and emission spectra of the different mucosal
tissue components were quantitatively determined and a compared to the
respective spectra of endogenous chromophores. It was shown, that by using
only two excitation wavelengths within the tuning range of a Ti:Saphire
laser enterocytes, antigen presenting cells and lysosomes of the small
intestine could be discriminated based on the excitation and emission
properties. By additionally using an intravital nuclear stain, motion of
lymphocytes in the lamina propria and the epithelium of small intestine
villi was quantitatively analyzed. 

2-photon microscopy was also a powerful tool for studying the conjunctiva
and cornea of the eye. Lymphocyte dynamics and uptake of microspheres or
fluorescing heat-inactivated E. coli was followed over time in the
conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue of mice. In a different mouse model
of suture induced corneal hem- and lymphangiogenesis, immune cell migration
into lymphatic vessels and luminal transport of individual cells was
observed in vivo.

Autofluorescence based 2-photon intravital microscopy is a valuable tool to
study dynamic immunological processes. While tissue autofluorescence gives a
good overview over all relevant structures and allows for discriminating
different cell types by spectral analysis, the additional combination of
specific staining with external dyes or fluorescent proteins is easily
possible and enhances the potential of the technique further. },

}

@inproceedings{Spahr2012,
   author = {Spahr, Hendrik and Rudolph, Linda and Muller, Heike and Birngruber, Reginald and Huttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Imaging of photothermal tissue expansion via phase sensitive optical coherence tomography},
   editor = {Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8213},
   pages = {82131S},
year = { 2012},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911429}

}

@inproceedings{Ansari2012,
   author = {Ansari, Rehman and Aherrahrou, Redouane and Aherrahrou, Zouhair and Erdmann, Jeanette and Huttmann, Gereon and Schweikard, Achim},
   title = {Quantitative analysis of cardiomyocyte dynamics with optical coherence phase microscopy},
   editor = {Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8213},
   pages = {821338},
year = { 2012},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911781}

}

@article{Schlott2012,
   author = {Schlott, Kerstin and Koinzer, Stefan and Ptaszynski, Lars and Bever, Marco and Baade, Alex and Roider, Johann and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Automatic temperature controlled retinal photocoagulation},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {17},
   number = {6},
   pages = {061223},
   keywords = {AutoPhoN},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Yamamoto,
   author = {Yamamoto, Manabu and Kohno, Takeya and Yoshida, Yusaku and Yoneda, Tasuku and Iwami, Hisashi and Fritz, Andreas and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Miura, Yoko and Brinkmann, Ralf and Shiraki, Kunihiko},
   title = {Selective Retina Therapy for Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Japan },
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {53},
   pages = {5222},
   year = {2012}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{2012SPIE.8213E..23H,
   author = {{Hagen-Eggert}, M. and {Koch}, P. and {H{\"u}ttmann}, G.},
    title = "{Analysis of the signal fall-off in spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems}",
booktitle = {Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series},
     year = 2012,
   series = {Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series},
   volume = 8213,
    month = feb,
      doi = {10.1117/12.910921},
   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SPIE.8213E..23H},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{Klinder2012,
   author = {Klinger, A. and Orzekowsky-Schroeder, R. and von Smolinski, D. and Blessenohl, M. and Schueth, A. and Koop, N. and Hüttmann, G. and Gebert, A.},
   title = {Complex morphology and functional dynamics of vital murine intestinal mucosa revealed by autofluorescence 2-photon microscopy},
   journal = {Histochem Cell Biol},
   volume = {137},
   number = {3},
   pages = {269-278},
   ISSN = {1432-119X (Electronic)
0948-6143 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00418-011-0905-0},
   year = {2012},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hillmann2012,
   author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Franke, Gesa and Lührs, Christian and Koch, Peter and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Efficient holoscopy image reconstruction},
   journal = {Opt. Express},
   volume = {20},
   number = {19},
   pages = {21247-21263},
   abstract = {Holoscopy is a tomographic imaging technique that combines digital holography and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) to gain tomograms with diffraction limited resolution and uniform sensitivity over several Rayleigh lengths. The lateral image information is calculated from the spatial interference pattern formed by light scattered from the sample and a reference beam. The depth information is obtained from the spectral dependence of the recorded digital holograms. Numerous digital holograms are acquired at different wavelengths and then reconstructed for a common plane in the sample. Afterwards standard Fourier-domain OCT signal processing achieves depth discrimination. Here we describe and demonstrate an optimized data reconstruction algorithm for holoscopy which is related to the inverse scattering reconstruction of wavelength-scanned full-field optical coherence tomography data. Instead of calculating a regularized pseudoinverse of the forward operator, the recorded optical fields are propagated back into the sample volume. In one processing step the high frequency components of the scattering potential are reconstructed on a non-equidistant grid in three-dimensional spatial frequency space. A Fourier transform yields an OCT equivalent image of the object structure. In contrast to the original holoscopy reconstruction with backpropagation and Fourier transform with respect to the wavenumber, the required processing time does neither depend on the confocal parameter nor on the depth of the volume. For an imaging NA of 0.14, the processing time was decreased by a factor of 15, at higher NA the gain in reconstruction speed may reach two orders of magnitude.},
   keywords = {Image processing
Optical coherence tomography
Digital holography},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Müller2012,
   author = {Mueller, H. H. and Ptaszynski, L. and Schlott, K. and Debbeler, C. and Bever, M. and Koinzer, S. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R. and Huettmann, G.},
   title = {Imaging thermal expansion and retinal tissue changes during photocoagulation by high speed OCT},
   journal = {Biomedical Optics Express},
   volume = {3},
   number = {5},
   pages = {1025-1046},
   note = {935RH
Times Cited:8
Cited References Count:37},
   abstract = {Visualizing retinal photocoagulation by real-time OCT measurements may considerably improve the understanding of thermally induced tissue changes and might enable a better reproducibility of the ocular laser treatment. High speed Doppler OCT with 860 frames per second imaged tissue changes in the fundus of enucleated porcine eyes during laser irradiation. Tissue motion, measured by Doppler OCT with nanometer resolution, was correlated with the temperature increase, which was measured non-invasively by optoacoustics. In enucleated eyes, the increase of the OCT signal near the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) corresponded well to the macroscopically visible whitening of the tissue. At low irradiance, Doppler OCT revealed additionally a reversible thermal expansion of the retina. At higher irradiance additional movement due to irreversible tissue changes was observed. Measurements of the tissue expansion were also possible in vivo in a rabbit with submicrometer resolution when global tissue motion was compensated. Doppler OCT may be used for spatially resolved measurements of retinal temperature increases and thermally induced tissue changes. It can play an important role in understanding the mechanisms of photocoagulation and, eventually, lead to new strategies for retinal laser treatments. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America},
   keywords = {optical coherence tomography
laser photocoagulation
vein occlusion
management
diseases
fundus
blood},
   ISSN = {2156-7085},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000303537400018},
   year = {2012},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@Article{HU_2012_Klein_a,
  Title                    = {{OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY/HIGH-SPEED BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: No speed limit: The multi-megahertz approach to optical coherence tomography}},
  Author                   = {Klein, Thomas and Wieser, Wolfgang and Huber, Robert},
  Journal                  = {BioOptics World},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {28--32},
  Volume                   = {5},
keywords = {AG-Huber_FDML, AG-Huber_OCT},
  Doi                      = {http://www.bioopticsworld.com/articles/print/volume-5/issue-1/features/the-multi-megahertz-approach-to-optical-coherence-tomography.html},
  Url                      = {http://www.bioopticsworld.com/articles/print/volume-5/issue-1/features/the-multi-megahertz-approach-to-optical-coherence-tomography.html}
}

@article{Brinkmann2012,
   author = {Brinkmann, Ralf and Koinzer, Stefan and Schlott, Kerstin and Ptaszynski, Lars and Bever, Marco and Baade, Alexander and Luft, Susanne and Miura, Yoko and Roider, Johann and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Real-time temperature determination during retinal photocoagulation on patients},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {17},
   number = {6},
   pages = {061219},
   note = {Journal Article},
   year = { 2012}
}

@article{Hillmann2012,
   author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Bonin, Tim and Lührs, Christian and Franke, Gesa and Hagen-Eggert, Martin and Koch, Peter and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Common approach for compensation of axial motion artifacts in swept-source OCT and dispersion in Fourier-domain OCT},
   journal = {Opt. Express},
   volume = {20},
   number = {6},
   pages = {6761-6776},
   abstract = {Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) is sensitive to sample motion during the wavelength sweep, which leads to image blurring and image artifacts. In line-field and full-field SS-OCT parallelization is achieved by using a line or area detector, respectively. Thus, approximately 1000 lines or images at different wavenumbers are acquired. The sweep duration is identically with the acquisition time of a complete B-scan or volume, rendering parallel SS-OCT more sensitive to motion artifacts than scanning OCT. The effect of axial motion on the measured spectra is similar to the effect of non-balanced group velocity dispersion (GVD) in the interferometer arms. It causes the apparent optical path lengths in the sample arm to vary with the wavenumber. Here we propose the cross-correlation of sub-bandwidth reconstructions (CCSBR) as a new algorithm that is capable of detecting and correcting the artifacts induced by axial motion in line-field or full-field SS-OCT as well as GVD mismatch in any Fourier-domain OCT (FD-OCT) setup. By cross-correlating images which were reconstructed from a limited spectral range of the interference signal, a phase error is determined which is used to correct the spectral modulation prior to the calculation of the A-scans. Performance of the algorithm is demonstrated on in vivo full-field SS-OCT images of skin and scanning FD-OCT of skin and retina.},
   keywords = {Image reconstruction-restoration
Optical coherence tomography},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Iwami2012,
   author = {Iwami, Hisashi and Ptaszynski, Lars and Danicke, Veit and Brinkmann, Ralf and Miura, Yoko},
   title = {Sublethal Hyperthermia-induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion And Its Contribution To Adoptive Response Of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell},
   journal = {Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.},
   volume = {53},
   number = {6},
   pages = {4782-},
   abstract = {PurposeTo investigate temperature increase-induced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and its contribution to adoptive response relating to cell defence system against oxidative stress. MethodsPorcine RPE cells on 35 mm culture dish were used in the study. Thulium laser ({lambda}=1940 nm, spot size 33 mm was utilized as a heat source. Temperature increase during irradiation for different power and time setting at cell level was measured with thermocouple, and power and time setting of the experiment was determined based on this calibration. Culture medium was replaced by 1.2 ml phosphate buffer saline and then laser was irradiated with different power settings for 10 seconds, so that the peak temperature reaches from 40{degrees}C to 65{degrees}C. Cellular viability after laser irradiation was examined with MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay immediately after irradiation. VEGF secretion was investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 2 and 24 hrs after irradiation. Contribution of a temperature-dependent calcium channel, TRPV (transient receptor potential vanilloid) channels in laser-induced VEGF secretion was investigated using TRPV channel blocker, ruthenium red (20 {micro}M). TRPV channel blocker-containing medium was replaced by the normal medium soon after laser irradiation. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)-was exposed after 6 hrs of laser irradiation and cell viability was examined with MTT assay. ResultsPeak temperature threshold for immediate RPE cell death was found around 55 {degrees}C with our irradiation setting. VEGF secretion was increased after sub-lethal irradiation in power-dependent manner, which was partially suppressed by TRPV channel blocker. Sublethal laser irradiation reduced H2O2 and AGE-induced cell death and this effect was smaller in the cells treated with TRPV channel inhibitor during laser irradiation. ConclusionsSublethal temperature increase-induced VEGF production might contribute to the enhancement of RPE cell defence system against oxidative stress.},
   url = {http://abstracts.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/53/6/4782},
   year = {2012},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hillmann2012,
   author={Hillmann, D.  and Bonin, T.  and Luhrs, C.  and Franke, G.  and Hagen-Eggert, M.  and Koch, P.  and Huttmann, G. },
   title={{{C}ommon approach for compensation of axial motion artifacts in swept-source {O}{C}{T} and dispersion in {F}ourier-domain {O}{C}{T}}},
   journal={Opt Express},
   year={2012},
   volume={20},
   number={6},
   pages={6761--6776},
   month={Mar}
}

@Article{pmid22612150,
   Author="Rudnitzki, F.  and Bever, M.  and Rahmanzadeh, R.  and Brieger, K.  and Endl, E.  and Groll, J.  and Huttmann, G. ",
   Title="{{B}leaching of plasmon-resonance absorption of gold nanorods decreases efficiency of cell destruction}",
   Journal="J Biomed Opt",
   Year="2012",
   Volume="17",
   Number="5",
   Pages="058003",
   Month="May"
}

@article{Koinzer,
   author = {Koinzer, Stefan and Schlott, Kerstin and Portz, Lea and Ptaszynski, Lars and Baade, Alexander and Bever, Marco and Saeger, Mark and Caliebe, Amke and Denner, Renè and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf and Roider, Johann},
   title = {Correlation of temperature rise and optical coherence tomography characteristics in patient retinal photocoagulation},
   journal = {Journal of Biophotonics},
   pages = {n/a-n/a},
   abstract = {We conducted a study to correlate the retinal temperature rise during photocoagulation to the afterward detected tissue effect in optical coherence tomography (OCT). 504 photocoagulation lesions were examined in 20 patients. The retinal temperature increase was determined in real-time during treatment based on thermoelastic tissue expansion which was probed by repetitively applied ns laser pulses. The tissue effect was examined on fundus images and OCT images of individualized lesions. We discerned seven characteristic morphological OCT lesion classes. Their validity was confirmed by increasing visibility and diameters. Mean peak temperatures at the end of irradiation ranged from approx. 60 °C to beyond 100 °C, depending on burn intensity. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)},
   keywords = {laser photocoagulation
optoacoustics
photocoagulation
retinal temperature
spectral domain optical coherence tomography
OCT
subthreshold
classification},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Yoshimoto,
   author = {Yoshimoto, Kumiko and Yamamoto, Manabu and Kohno, Takeya and Yoneda, Tasuku and Yoshida, Yusaku and Fritz, Andreas and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Miura, Yoko and Brinkmann, Ralf and Shiraki, Kunihiko},
   title = {Detection Of Sub-threshold Laser Irradiation Spots With Various Fundus Imaging Methods And Its Correlation With Irradiation Energy And Optoacoustic Values In Selective Retina Therapy },
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {53},
   pages = {5198},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Koinzer2012,
   author = {Koinzer, S. and Schlott, K. and Ptaszynski, L. and Bever, M. and Kleemann, S. and Saeger, M. and Baade, A. and Caliebe, A. and Miura, Y. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Temperature-controlled retinal photocoagulation - a step toward automated laser treatment},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {53},
   number = {7},
   pages = {3605-14},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
Jun 14; Print 2012 Jul},
   abstract = {Purpose. Retinal laser photocoagulation carries the risk of overtreatment due to effect variation of identically applied lesions. The degree of coagulation depends on the induced temperature increase and on exposure time. We introduce temperature controlled photocoagulation (TCP), which uses optoacoustics to determine individually exposure times necessary to create reproducible lesions. Methods. Optoacoustic temperature measurement relies on pressure waves that are excited in the retinal tissue by repetitive low-energy laser pulses. Signal amplitudes correlate with tissue temperature and are detected by a transducer in the laser contact lens. We used a continuous wave (CW) photocoagulator for treatment irradiation and superimposed probe laser pulses for simultaneous temperature measurement. Optoacoustic data of 1500 lesions (rabbit) were evaluated to develop an algorithm that controls exposure times automatically in TCP. Lesion diameters of 156 TCP lesions were compared to 156 non-controlled lesions. Histology was performed after 1 hour, and 1 and 4 weeks. Results. TCP resulted in exposure times from 4 to 800 ms depending on laser power chosen. Ophthalmoscopic and histologic lesion diameters were independent of power between 14 and 200 mW. TCP lesions barely were visible with a mean diameter equal to the treatment beam (130 mum). In contrast, standard lesion diameters increased linearly and statistically significantly with power. Histology confirmed sparing of the ganglion and nerve fiber layers in TCP. Conclusions. TCP facilitates uniform retinal lesions over a wide power range. In a clinical setting, it should generate soft and reproducible lesions independently of local tissue variation and improve safety, particularly at short exposure times.},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Rohde2012,
   author = {Rohde, Ingo and Brinkmann, Ralf and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk},
   title = {Temporally stretched Q-switched pulses in the 2 µm spectral range},
   journal = {Laser Physics Letters},
   volume = {9},
   number = {11},
   pages = {808-813},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Gehlsen,
   author = {Gehlsen, U. and Oetke, A. and Szaszak, M. and Koop, N. and Paulsen, F. and Gebert, A. and Huettmann, G. and Steven, P.},
   title = {Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging monitors metabolic changes during wound healing of corneal epithelial cells in vitro},
   journal = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
   volume = {6},
   pages = {6},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
May},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early and correct diagnosis of delayed or absent corneal epithelial wound healing is a key factor in the prevention of infection and consecutive destruction of the corneal stroma with impending irreversible visual loss. Two-photon microscopy (TPM) is a novel technology that has potential to depict epithelial cells and to evaluate cellular function by measuring autofluorescence properties such as fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetimes of metabolic co-factors such as NAD(P)H. METHODS: Using non-invasive TPM in a tissue-culture scratch model and an organ-culture erosion model, fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetimes of NAD(P)H were measured before and during closure of the epithelial wounds. Influence of temperature and selective inhibition of metabolism on intensity and lifetimes were tested additionally. RESULTS: Decrease of temperature resulted in significant increase of fluorescence lifetimes and decrease of the relative amount of free NAD(P)H due to decreased global metabolism. Increase in temperature and upregulation of glycolysis through blocking the mitochondrial electron transport chain by rotenone resulted in increased intensity, decreased lifetimes and increase in the relative amount of free NAD(P)H. Changes of lifetimes and free:protein-bound NAD(P)H ratios were similar to changes measured during wound healing in both scratch and erosion models. CONCLUSIONS: Fluorescence lifetime measurements (FLIM) detected enhancement of cellular metabolism following epithelial damage in both models. The prospective detection of cellular autofluorescence in vivo, in particular FLIM of metabolic cofactor NAD(P)H, has the potential to become an indispensible tool in clinical use to differentiate healing from non-healing epithelial cells and to evaluate effects of newly developed substances on cellular metabolism in preclinical and clinical trials.},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Unglert2012,
   author = {Unglert, C. I. and Warger, W. C. and Hostens, J. and Namati, E. and Birngruber, R. and Bouma, B. E. and Tearney, G. J.},
   title = {Validation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements of subpleural alveolar size parameters by optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {17},
   number = {12},
   note = {083ZB
Times Cited:3
Cited References Count:23},
   abstract = {Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been increasingly used for imaging pulmonary alveoli. Only a few studies, however, have quantified individual alveolar areas, and the validity of alveolar volumes represented within OCT images has not been shown. To validate quantitative measurements of alveoli from OCT images, we compared the cross-sectional area, perimeter, volume, and surface area of matched subpleural alveoli from microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and OCT images of fixed air-filled swine samples. The relative change in size between different alveoli was extremely well correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.0001), but OCT images underestimated absolute sizes compared to micro-CT by 27% (area), 7% (perimeter), 46% (volume), and 25% (surface area) on average. We hypothesized that the differences resulted from refraction at the tissue-air interfaces and developed a ray-tracing model that approximates the reconstructed alveolar size within OCT images. Using this model and OCT measurements of the refractive index for lung tissue (1.41 for fresh, 1.53 for fixed), we derived equations to obtain absolute size measurements of superellipse and circular alveoli with the use of predictive correction factors. These methods and results should enable the quantification of alveolar sizes from OCT images in vivo. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.17.12.126015]},
   keywords = {alveolar structure
alveolar volume
ray-tracing
optical coherence tomography
refractive-index
tissue},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {Artn 126015
Doi 10.1117/1.Jbo.17.12.126015},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000314504400023},
   year = {2012},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Treumer2012,
   author = {Treumer, F. and Klettner, A. and Baltz, J. and Hussain, A. A. and Miura, Y. and Brinkmann, R. and Roider, J. and Hillenkamp, J.},
   title = {Vectorial release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) from porcine RPE-choroid explants following selective retina therapy (SRT): towards slowing the macular ageing process},
   journal = {Exp Eye Res},
   volume = {97},
   number = {1},
   pages = {63-72},
   note = {1096-0007
Treumer, F
Klettner, A
Baltz, J
Hussain, A A
Miura, Y
Brinkmann, R
Roider, J
Hillenkamp, J
Journal Article
England
Exp Eye Res. 2012 Apr;97(1):63-72. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.02.011. Epub 2012 Feb 22.},
   abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 during retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) wound healing after Selective Retina Therapy (SRT) with laser energy levels below and above the threshold of RPE cell death. Following exposure to SRT using a prototype pulsed Nd:YLF laser with energies of 80-180 mJ/cm(2) fresh porcine RPE-monolayers with Bruch's membrane and choroid were cultured in modified Ussing chambers which separate the apical (RPE-facing) and basal (choroid facing) sides of the RPE monolayer. Threshold energy for RPE cell death and wound healing were determined with calcein-AM viability test. Inactive and active forms of MMP 2 and 9 were quantified within tissue samples and in the culture medium of the apical and basal compartments of the Ussing chamber using gelatine zymography. Laser energies of 160-180 mJ/cm(2) resulted in cell death within 1 h while 120-140 mJ/cm(2) resulted in delayed death of exposed RPE cells. All cells survived 80 and 100 mJ/cm(2). Laser spots healed within 6 days after SRT accompanied by a transient vectorial increase of MMPs. SRT with 180 mJ/cm(2) increased active MMP 2 by 1.9 (p < 0.05) and 1.6 (p < 0.05) fold in tissue and basal compartments, respectively, without alterations in the apical compartment. Pro-MMP 2 levels were also significantly increased in all compartments (p < 0.05). Release of MMP 9 was not altered. Laser energy below the threshold of RPE cell death did not alter the release of MMP 2 or 9. The findings suggest that the release of active MMP 2 on the basal side of the RPE during wound healing following SRT may address age-related pathological changes of Bruch's membrane with a potential to slow degenerative macular ageing processes before irreversible functional loss has occurred.},
   keywords = {Animals
Cell Death
Cell Survival
Choroid/*enzymology/pathology
Diffusion Chambers, Culture
Fluoresceins/metabolism
*Laser Therapy
Lasers, Solid-State
Macular Degeneration/enzymology/pathology/*surgery
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/*metabolism
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/*metabolism
Organ Culture Techniques
Retinal Pigment Epithelium/*enzymology/pathology
Sensory Thresholds
Swine
Wound Healing/*physiology},
   ISSN = {0014-4835},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.exer.2012.02.011},
   year = {2012},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201000104,
author = {Eigenwillig, Christoph M. and Klein, Thomas and Wieser, Wolfgang and Biedermann, Benjamin R. and Huber, Robert},
title = {Wavelength swept amplified spontaneous emission source for high speed retinal optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm},
journal = {Journal of Biophotonics},
volume = {4},
number = {7-8},
pages = {552-558},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, tunable lasers, optical frequency domain imaging, ophthalmology},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201000104},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jbio.201000104},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jbio.201000104},
abstract = {Abstract The wavelength swept amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source presented in this paper is an alternative approach to realize a light source for high speed swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT). ASE alternately passes a cascade of different optical gain elements and tunable optical bandpass filters. In this work we show for the first time a wavelength swept ASE source in the 1060 nm wavelength range, enabling high speed retinal OCT imaging. We demonstrate ultra-rapid retinal OCT at a line rate of 170 kHz, a record sweep rate at 1060 nm of 340 kHz with 70 nm full sweep width, enabling an axial resolution of 11 μm. Two different implementations of the source are characterized and compared to each other. The last gain element is either a semiconductor optical amplifier or an Ytterbium-doped fibre amplifier enabling high average output power of >40 mW. Various biophotonic imaging examples provide a wide range of quality benchmarks achievable with such sources. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH \& Co. KGaA, Weinheim)},
year = {2011}
}

@article{Adler:11,
author = {Desmond C. Adler and Wolfgang Wieser and Francois Trepanier and Joseph M. Schmitt and Robert A. Huber},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Medical optics and biotechnology; Dispersion compensation devices ; Fiber Bragg gratings ; Laser modes; Laser sources; Mode locking; Optical delay lines; Swept lasers; Tunable lasers},
number = {21},
pages = {20930--20939},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Extended coherence length Fourier domain mode locked lasers at 1310 nm},
volume = {19},
month = {Oct},
year = {2011},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-21-20930},
doi = {10.1364/OE.19.020930},
abstract = {Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) lasers are excellent tunable laser sources for frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) systems due to their combination of high sweep rates, large tuning ranges, and high output powers. However, conventional FDML lasers provide coherence lengths of only 4--10 mm, limiting their use in demanding applications such as intravascular OCT where coherence lengths of \>20 mm are required for optimal imaging of large blood vessels. Furthermore, like most swept lasers, conventional FDML lasers produce only one useable sweep direction per tunable filter drive cycle, halving the effective sweep rate of the laser compared to the filter drive frequency. Here, we demonstrate a new class of FDML laser incorporating broadband dispersion compensation near 1310 nm. Elimination of chromatic dispersion in the FDML cavity results in the generation of forward (short to long wavelength) and backward (long to short wavelength) sweeps with substantially identical properties and coherence lengths of \>21 mm. This advance enables long-range, high-speed FD-OCT imaging without the need for optical buffering stages, significantly reducing laser cost and complexity.},
}

@book{RN5360,
   author = {Brinkmann, Ralf;Koinzer, Stefan;Schlott, Kerstin;Ptaszynski, Lars;Bever, Marco;Baade, Alex;Miura, Yoko;Birngruber, Reginald and Roider, Johann},
   title = {Realtime temperature determination during retinal photocoagulation on patients},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {7885},
   series = {SPIE BiOS},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875276},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Book}
}

@article{Blatter:11,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Robert Huber and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Optical coherence tomography; Flow diagnostics; Coherence tomography ; Functional monitoring and imaging ; Functional imaging; Image quality; Imaging techniques; In vivo imaging; Optical imaging; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {13},
pages = {12141--12155},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Extended focus high-speed swept source OCT with self-reconstructive illumination},
volume = {19},
month = {Jun},
year = {2011},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-13-12141},
doi = {10.1364/OE.19.012141},
abstract = {We present a Bessel beam illumination FDOCT setup using a FDML Swept Source at 1300nm with up to 440kHz A-scan rate, and discuss its advantages for structural and functional imaging of highly scattering samples. An extended focus is achieved due to the Bessel beam that preserves its lateral extend over a large depth range. Furthermore, Bessel beams exhibit a self-reconstruction property that allows imaging even behind obstacles such as hairs on skin. Decoupling the illumination from the Gaussian detection increases the global sensitivity and enables dark field imaging. Dark field imaging is useful to avoid strong reflexes from the sample surface that adversely affect the sensitivity due to the limited dynamic range of high speed 8bit acquisition cards. In addition the possibility of contrasting capillaries with high sensitivity is shown, using inter-B-scan speckle variance analysis. We demonstrate intrinsic advantages of the extended focus configuration, in particular the reduction of the phase decorrelation effect below vessels leading to improved axial vessel definition.},
}

@inproceedings{Klein:11,
author = {Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Robert Huber},
booktitle = {CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications},
journal = {CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Image quality; Imaging techniques; Laser modes; Medical imaging; Mode locking; Optical coherence tomography},
pages = {CWB1},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {FDML laser for megahertz retinal OCT imaging},
year = {2011},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_SI-2011-CWB1},
doi = {10.1364/CLEO_SI.2011.CWB1},
abstract = {A novel Fourier-domain mode locked (FDML) laser design is presented, yielding the highest wavelength sweep speed reported so far around 1050nm. This enables retinal imaging over a ~70{\textdegree} ultra-wide field of view.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.889669,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Robert Huber and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
title = {{High-speed functional OCT with self-reconstructive Bessel illumination at 1300 nm}},
volume = {8091},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Techniques V},
editor = {Rainer A. Leitgeb and Brett E. Bouma},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {809104},
abstract = {We present a Bessel beam illumination FDOCT setup with FDML buffered swept source at 1300nm. An extended focus
is achieved due to the Bessel beam that preserves its lateral extend over a large depth range. Decoupling the illumination
from the Gaussian detection improves the sensitivity as compared to double passing the ring filter and enables dark field
imaging. Dark field imaging is useful to avoid strong reflexes from the sample's surface that adversely affect the
sensitivity due to the limited dynamic range of high-speed 8bit acquisition cards. Furthermore, Bessel beams exhibit a
self-reconstruction property that allows imaging even behind obstacles such as hairs on skin.
Densely sampled volumes of skin in-vivo with high lateral resolution are acquired at up to 440kHz A-Scan rate. In
addition the possibility of contrasting capillaries with high sensitivity is shown, using inter-B-scan speckle variance
analysis. High-speed imaging is of crucial importance for imaging small details since sample motion artifacts are
reduced and high sampling can be maintained while increasing the B-Scan rate.},
keywords = {Extended focus, Bessel beam, Self-reconstructive illumination, Dark field imaging, Dermatology, Microcirculation imaging, FDML, Swept Source},
year = {2011},
doi = {10.1117/12.889669},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889669}
}

@article{Todor:11,
author = {Sebastian Todor and Benjamin Biedermann and Wolfgang Wieser and Robert Huber and Christian Jirauschek},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Laser theory; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Linewidth; Laser sources; Mode locking; Power spectra; Semiconductor lasers; Swept lasers; Tunable lasers},
number = {9},
pages = {8802--8807},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Instantaneous lineshape analysis of Fourier domain mode-locked lasers},
volume = {19},
month = {Apr},
year = {2011},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-9-8802},
doi = {10.1364/OE.19.008802},
abstract = {We present a theoretical and experimental analysis of the instantaneous lineshape of Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers, yielding good agreement. The simulations are performed employing a recently introduced model for FDML operation. Linewidths around 10 GHz are found, which is significantly below the sweep filter bandwidth. The effect of detuning between the sweep filter drive frequency and cavity roundtrip time is studied revealing features that cannot be resolved in the experiment, and shifting of the instantaneous power spectrum against the sweep filter center frequency is analyzed. We show that, in contrast to most other semiconductor based lasers, the instantaneous linewidth is governed neither by external noise sources nor by amplified spontaneous emission, but it is directly determined by the complex FDML dynamics.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.875594,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Robert Huber and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
title = {{Structural and functional imaging with extended focus dark-field OCT at 1300nm}},
volume = {7889},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XV},
editor = {James G. Fujimoto and Joseph A. Izatt and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {78891D},
abstract = {We present an extended focus FDOCT setup with FDML swept source centered at 1310nm. The illumination, preserving
its lateral extend over a large depth range thanks to the use of a Bessel beam, is decoupled from the Gaussian detection in
order to increase the global sensitivity. The efficient spatial separation enables dark-field imaging. In-vivo measurements
in the skin were performed to demonstrate the gain in lateral resolution while preserving the imaging depth. More, the
calculation of the speckle variance between B-Scans allows a clear visualization of the microvasculature.},
keywords = {Extended focus, Dark Field imaging, Bessel beam, FDML Swept Source, dermatology, microvascularisation imaging},
year = {2011},
doi = {10.1117/12.875594},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875594}
}

@article{Klein:11,
author = {Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Imaging systems; Ophthalmology; Optical coherence tomography; Retina scanning ; Fiber lasers; Image processing; Image quality; Mode locking; Ophthalmic imaging; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {4},
pages = {3044--3062},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Megahertz OCT for ultrawide-field retinal imaging with a 1050nm Fourier domain mode-locked laser},
volume = {19},
month = {Feb},
year = {2011},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-4-3044},
doi = {10.1364/OE.19.003044},
abstract = {We demonstrate ultrahigh speed swept source retinal OCT imaging using a Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser. The laser uses a combination of a semiconductor optical amplifier and an ytterbium doped fiber amplifier to provide more than 50mW output power. The 1050nm FDML laser uses standard telecom fiber for the km long delay line instead of two orders of magnitude more expensive real single mode fiber. We investigate the influence of this ``oligo-mode'' fiber on the FDML laser performance. Two design configurations with 684,400 and 1,368,700 axial scans per second are investigated, 25x and 50x faster than current commercial instruments and more than 4x faster than previous single spot ophthalmic results. These high speeds enable the acquisition of densely sampled ultrawide-field data sets of the retina within a few seconds. Ultrawide-field data consisting of 1900 x 1900 A-scans with ~70{\textdegree} degrees angle of view are acquired within only 3 and 6 seconds using the different setups. Such OCT data sets, more than double as large as previously reported, are collapsed to a 4 megapixel high definition fundus image. We achieve good penetration into the choroid by hardware spectral shaping of the laser output. The axial resolution in tissue is 12{\textmu}m (684kHz) and 19{\textmu}m (1.37MHz). A series of new data processing and imaging extraction protocols, enabled by the ultrawide-field isotropic data sets, are presented. Dense isotropic sampling enables both, cross-sectional images along arbitrary coordinates and depth-resolved en-face fundus images. Additionally, we investigate how isotropic averaging compares to the averaging of cross-sections along the slow axis.},
}

@article{Szaszak,
   author = {Szaszák, Márta and Steven, Philipp and Shima, Kensuke and Orzekowsky-Schröder, Regina and Hüttmann, Gereon and König, Inke R. and Solbach, Werner and Rupp, Jan},
   title = {Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Unravels <italic>C. trachomatis</italic> Metabolism and Its Crosstalk with the Host Cell},
   journal = {PLoS Pathog},
   volume = {7},
   number = {7},
   pages = {e1002108},
   abstract = {<title>Author Summary</title> <p>Separate analysis of host and pathogen metabolic changes in intracellular <italic>C. trachomatis</italic> infections is arduous and has not been comprehensively realized so far. A more detailed understanding about the metabolic activity and needs of <italic>C. trachomatis</italic> and its specific interactions with the host cell would be the basis for the development of novel treatment strategies. We therefore applied fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) of the metabolic coenzymes NAD(P)H using two-photon microscopy to directly visualize metabolic changes of host cells and pathogens in living cells. NAD(P)H fluorescence was detected both on the chlamydial inclusion membrane and inside the inclusion. Interestingly, changes in chlamydial growth and progeny induced by glucose starvation and IFN? treatment were directly linked to significant changes of the NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetimes inside the inclusions. Furthermore, measurement of the NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime in the host cell nucleus revealed that infected cells were programmed for starvation during the metabolically active phase of intracellular chlamydial growth. Our findings highlight for the first time a direct interaction between host and pathogen metabolism in intracellular bacterial infections that exceeds sole competition for nutrients. In conclusion, fluorescence lifetime imaging of NAD(P)H by two-photon microscopy enables real-time analysis of metabolic host-pathogen interactions in intracellular infections with high spatial and temporal resolution.</p>},
   year = {2011}
}

@inproceedings{Bonin2011,
   author = {Bonin, Tim and Koch, Peter and Huttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Comparison of fast swept source full-field OCT with conventional scanning OCT},
   editor = {Rainer, A. Leitgeb and Brett, E. Bouma},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8091},
   pages = {80911K},
year = { 2011}

}

@inproceedings{Hagen-Eggert2011,
   author = {Hagen-Eggert, M. and Hillmann, D. and Koch, P. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {Diffusion-sensitive Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography},
   editor = {James, G. Fujimoto and Joseph, A. Izatt and Valery, V. Tuchin},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {7889},
   pages = {78892B},

}

@inproceedings{Fritz2011,
   author = {Fritz, Andreas and Zegelin, Andrea and Ptaszynski, Lars and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Dynamics of laser induced micro bubble clusters on tissue phantoms},
   volume = {7885},
   pages = {78850S-78850S-6},
   note = {10.1117/12.875031},
   abstract = {Selective retina treatment (SRT) is a laser based method to treat retinal diseases associated with disorders of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) while preserving photoreceptors and choroid. Applying microsecond laser pulses to the 100- 200 strongly absorbing melanin granules inside the RPE cells induces transient micro bubbles which disrupt the cells. Aim of this work is to understand bubble dynamics in clusters with respect to the influence of the adjacent retina. Bubble dynamics were investigated in vitro on porcine RPE. An about 200 μm thick layer of agarose gel was applied to the RPE layer in order to simulate the mechanical properties of retina. Different laser pulse durations from 1 ns (532 nm, Nd:YAG) to 1.7 μs (527 nm, Nd:YLF) were used. The bubbles were investigated interferometrically (fiber interferometer @ 830 nm) and with fast flash photography (25 ns flash duration). Bubble lifetimes were measured. The results show that with retina phantoms the bubble formation threshold was reached at 2.5 times higher irradiation than without retina phantom for 1.7 μs laser pulses. The microbubbles generated with 1 ns laser pulses were almost not influenced by the agarose layer. Irradiation twofold over bubble formation threshold resulted in 3.5 times longer bubble lifetimes for μs and 2 times longer for ns pulse durations, respectively.},
   url = {https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/7885/1/Dynamics-of-laser-induced-micro-bubble-clusters-on-tissue-phantoms/10.1117/12.875031.short},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2011}
}

@inproceedings{Hillmann2011,
   author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Luhrs, Christian  and Bonin, Tim  and Koch, Peter and Vogel, Alfred  and Huttmann, Gereon },
   title = {Holoscopy: holographic optical coherence tomography},
   editor = {Rainer, A. Leitgeb and Brett, E. Bouma},
   publisher = {Proc. SPIE},
   volume = {8091},
   pages = {80911H},
   url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PSI/8091/80911H/1
http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.889485},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2011}
}

@inproceedings{Müller-2011-2,
   author = {Muller, Heike H. and Ptaszynski, Lars and Schlott, Kerstin and Bonin, Tim and Bever, Marco and Koinzer, Stefan and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf and Huttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Imaging of temperature distribution and retinal tissue changes during photocoagulation by high speed OCT},
   editor = {James, G. Fujimoto and Joseph, A. Izatt and Valery, V. Tuchin},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {7889},
   pages = {78890E},
URL = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.874788},
year = { 2011}

}

@article{Orzekowsky2011,
   author = {Orzekowsky-Schroeder, Regina and Klinger, Antje and Martensen, Bjorn and Blessenohl, Maike and Gebert, Andreas and Vogel, Alfred and Huttmann, Gereon},
   title = {In vivo spectral imaging of different cell types in the small intestine by two-photon excited autofluorescence},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {16},
   number = {11},
   pages = {116025},
   keywords = {biological organs
biomedical optical imaging
cellular biophysics
fluorescence
laser applications in medicine
two-photon processes},
   year = {2011}
}

@article{Steven2011,
   author = {Steven, Philipp and Bock, Felix and Hüttmann, Gereon and Cursiefen, Claus},
   title = {Intravital Two-Photon Microscopy of Immune Cell Dynamics in Corneal Lymphatic Vessels},
   journal = {PLoS One},
   volume = {6(10)},  
url = { https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026253},
   pages = {e26253},
   abstract = {<sec> <title>Background</title> <p>The role of lymphatic vessels in tissue and organ transplantation as well as in tumor growth and metastasis has drawn great attention in recent years.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title> <p>We now developed a novel method using non-invasive two-photon microscopy to simultaneously visualize and track specifically stained lymphatic vessels and autofluorescent adjacent tissues such as collagen fibrils, blood vessels and immune cells in the mouse model of corneal neovascularization in vivo. The mouse cornea serves as an ideal tissue for this technique due to its easy accessibility and its inducible and modifiable state of pathological hem- and lymphvascularization.</p> <p>Neovascularization was induced by suture placement in corneas of Balb/C mice. Two weeks after treatment, lymphatic vessels were stained intravital by intrastromal injection of a fluorescently labeled LYVE-1 antibody and the corneas were evaluated in vivo by two-photon microscopy (TPM). Intravital TPM was performed at 710 nm and 826 nm excitation wavelengths to detect immunofluorescence and tissue autofluorescence using a custom made animal holder. Corneas were then harvested, fixed and analyzed by histology.</p> <p>Time lapse imaging demonstrated the first in vivo evidence of immune cell migration into lymphatic vessels and luminal transport of individual cells. Cells immigrated within 1–5.5 min into the vessel lumen. Mean velocities of intrastromal corneal immune cells were around 9 µm/min and therefore comparable to those of T-cells and macrophages in other mucosal surfaces.</p> </sec> <sec> <title>Conclusions</title> <p>To our knowledge we here demonstrate for the first time the intravital real-time transmigration of immune cells into lymphatic vessels. Overall this study demonstrates the valuable use of intravital autofluorescence two-photon microscopy in the model of suture-induced corneal vascularizations to study interactions of immune and subsequently tumor cells with lymphatic vessels under close as possible physiological conditions.</p> </sec>},
   year = { 2011}
}

@article{Brinkmann2011,
   author = {Brinkmann, R and Koinzer, S and Schlott, K and Ptaszynski, L and Bever, M and Baade, A and Miura, Y and Birngruber, R and Roider, J},
   title = {Realtime temperature determination during retinal photocoagulation on patients.},
   journal = {Proc SPIE},
   volume = {7885},
   pages = {78850R},
   abstract = {Retinal photocoagulation is a long time established treatment for a variety of retinal diseases, most commonly applied for diabetic macular edema and diabetic retinopathy. The damage extent of the induced thermal coagulations depend on the temperature increase and the time of irradiation. So far, the induced temperature rise is unknown due to intraocular variations in light transmission and scattering and RPE/choroidal pigmentation, which can vary inter- and intraindividually by more than a factor of four. Thus in clinical practice, often stronger and deeper coagulations are applied than therapeutically needed, which lead to extended retinal damage and strong pain perception. The final goal of this project focuses on a dosimetry control, which automatically generates a desired temperature profile and thus coagulation strength for every individual coagulation spot, ideally unburden the ophthalmologist from any laser settings. In this paper we present the first realtime temperature measurements achieved on patients during retinal photocoagulation by means of an optoacoustic method, making use of the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient of retinal tissue. Therefore, nanosecond probe laser pulses are repetitively and simultaneously applied with the treatment radiation in order to excite acoustic waves, which are detected at the cornea with an ultrasonic transducer embedded in the contact lens and then are processed by PC.},
   url = {http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=732381},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Schlott2011,
   author = {Schlott, Kerstin and Koinzer, Stefan and Ptaszynski, Lars and Luft, Susanne and Baade, Alex and Bever, Marco and Roider, Johann and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Optoacoustic temperature determination and automatic coagulation control in rabbits},
   booktitle = {Ophthalmic Technologies XXI },
   editor = {Ho, Fabrice Manns; Per G. Söderberg; Arthur},
   publisher = {Proc. SPIE},
   volume = {7885},
   note = {10.1117/12.875104},
   abstract = {Retinal laser photocoagulation is an established treatment method for many retinal diseases like macula edema or diabetic retinopathy. The selection of the laser parameters is so far based on post treatment evaluation of the lesion size and strength. Due to local pigment variations in the fundus and individual transmission the same laser parameters often lead to an overtreatment. Optoacoustic allows a non invasive monitoring of the retinal temperature increase during retinal laser irradiation by measuring the temperature dependent pressure amplitudes, which are induced by short probe laser pulses. A 75 ns/ 523 nm Nd:YLF was used as a probe laser at a repetition rate of 1 kHz, and a cw / 532 nm treatment laser for heating. A contact lens was modified with a ring-shaped ultrasonic transducer to detect the pressure waves at the cornea. Temperatures were collected for irradiations leading to soft or invisible lesions. Based on this data the threshold for denaturation was found. By analyzing the initial temperature increase, the further temperature development during irradiation could be predicted. An algorithm was found to calculate the irradiation time, which is needed for a soft lesion formation, from the temperature curve. By this it was possible to provide a real-time dosimetry by automatically switching off the treatment laser after the calculated irradiation time. Automatically controlled coagulations appear softer and more uniformly.},
   keywords = {AutoPhoN},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.875104},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2011}
}

@inproceedings{Horstmann2011,
   author = {Horstmann, Jens and Baade, Alexander and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Photoacoustic blood vessel detection during surgical laser interventions},
   publisher = {SPIE ECBO},
   volume = {8092},
   pages = {80920Z-80920Z-6},
   note = {10.1117/12.889635},
   abstract = {This paper presents a discussion about the potential of photoacoustics with regard to its application in surgical assistance during minimally invasive, laser assisted interventions. Aim of the work is the detection of obscured large blood vessels in order to prevent unintentional dissection. Based on spectroscopic investigations of the target tissue (liver), a wavelength for the photoacoustic excitation laser was chosen with respect to a high absorption contrast between the vessel and the surrounding liver tissue. An experimental setup featuring a simple liver model is created. Preliminary results show, that vessels with a diameter of 2 mm can be detected up to a distance of 1 mm from the treatment fibre. It is shown, that detection of acoustic waves induced inside liver is feasible over distances higher than 10 cm.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.889635},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2011}
}

@article{Hillmann2011-1,
   author = {Hillmann, D. and Luhrs, C. and Bonin, T. and Koch, P. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {Holoscopy--holographic optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Opt Lett},
   volume = {36},
   number = {13},
   pages = {2390-2},
   abstract = {Scanning optical coherence tomography (OCT) is limited in sensitivity and resolution by the restricted focal depth of the confocal detection scheme. Holoscopy, a combination of holography and Fourier-domain full-field OCT, is proposed as a way to detect photons from all depths of a sample volume simultaneously with uniform sensitivity and lateral resolution, even at high NAs. By using the scalar diffraction theory, as frequently applied in digital holographic imaging, we fully reconstruct the object field with depth-invariant imaging quality. In vivo imaging of human skin is demonstrated with an image quality comparable to conventionally scanned OCT.},
   keywords = {Fingers
Fourier Analysis
Holography/*methods
Humans
Photons
Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods},
   ISSN = {1539-4794 (Electronic)
0146-9592 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1364/OL.36.002390},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21725421},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inbook{Vogel-2011,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred and Venugopalan, Vasan},
   title = {Pulsed Laser Ablation of Soft Biological Tissues},
   booktitle = {Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue},
   pages = {551-615},
   year = { 2011}
}

@book{Vogel-2011-2,
   author = {Vogel, A and Venugopalan, V.},
   title = {Pulsed laser ablation of tissue},
   publisher = {Springer, Heidelberg, New York},
   edition = {2},
   year = { 2011}
}

@inproceedings{Bonin2011,
   author = {Bonin, Tim and Hagen-Eggert, Martin and Franke, Gesa and Koch, Peter and Huttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Ultra highspeed in-vivo Fourier domain full-field OCT of the human retina},
   editor = {James, G. Fujimoto and Joseph, A. Izatt and Valery, V. Tuchin},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {7889},
   pages = {788906},
year = { 2011}

}

@inproceedings{Just2011,
   author = {Just, T. and Pau, H. W. and Lankenau, E. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {OCT in the field of laryngology: further perspectives},
   editor = {Nikiforos, Kollias and Bernard, Choi and Haishan, Zeng and Hyun Wook, Kang and Bodo, E. Knudsen and Brian, J. Wong and Justus, F. R. Ilgner and Kenton, W. Gregory and Guillermo, J. Tearney and Laura, Marcu and Henry, Hirschberg and Steen, J. Madsen and Andreas, Mandelis and Anita, Mahadevan-Jansen and Jansen, E. Duco},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {7883},
   pages = {78831W},
Year = { 2011}

}

@article{HU_2011_Adler,

author = {Adler, D C Desmond C and Wieser, Wolfgang and Trepanier, Francois and Schmitt, Joseph M and Huber, Robert A},
doi = {10.1364/OE.19.020930},
issn = {1094-4087},
journal = {Optics express},

number = {21},
pages = {20930--20939},
pmid = {21997102},
publisher = {OSA},

title = {{Extended coherence length \{Fourier\} domain mode locked lasers at 1310\~{}\{nm\}.}},
url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-19-21-20930},
volume = {19},
year = {2011}
}

@article{Miura2011,
   author = {Miura, Yoko},
   title = {Retinal pigment epithelium-choroid organ culture},
   journal = {Expert Rev  Ophthalmol},
   volume = {6},
   number = {6},
   pages = {669-680},
   abstract = {The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays a vital role in retinal function, and therefore studies on RPE provide a significant benefit for our visual function. In order to obtain useful information from study results, choosing the suitable experimental model for each purpose of study is of great importance. Although RPE cell cultures are widely used, cells in cell culture have significantly different phenotypical characteristics from in vivo cells. The advantage of using native tissue is that cells in the tissue have close biological properties to in vivo conditions. This review describes basic characteristics of native RPE–choroid tissues in comparison to RPE cells in cell culture and introduces the possibility of preserving tissues in different culture systems. Advantages and disadvantages of organ culture and suitable studies with recent study results are also introduced.},
   year = {2011}
}

@article{Alex2011,
   author = {Alex, A. and Weingast, J. and Hofer, B. and Eibl, M. and Binder, M. and Pehamberger, H. and Drexler, W. and Považay, B.},
   title = {3D optical coherence tomography for clinical diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancers},
   journal = {Imaging in Medicine},
   volume = {3},
   number = {6},
   keyword = {cancer diagnosis, contrast-enhanced imaging, dermatology, functional imaging,microscopy, multimodal imaging, optical coherence tomography, optical imaging, tomography},
  abstract = {High-resolution frequency domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) stands out amongst a range of novel dermatologic imaging technologies, with its good detection sensitivity around-100 dB, high measurement speeds allowing real-time image acquisition and its ability to acquire high definition cross-sectional and 3D tomograms of regions greater than 1 cm2, providing tissue information comparable to conventional histopathology without the need for any contrast agents. Typical axial and transverse resolutions of state-of-the-art OCT systems range between 1-10 m and approximately 20 m, respectively, depending on the employed wavelength region. This review investigates the significant progress accomplished in the field of dermatologic OCT with respect to other in vivo diagnostic methods for pre-excisional imaging of nonmelanoma skin cancers and specifically emphasizes state-of-the-art results achieved in different clinical pilot studies. Further technological extensions of OCT, various multimodal imaging approaches as well as potential clinical dermatologic applications are discussed. © 2011 Future Medicine Ltd.},
   pages = {653-674},
   url = {https://www.openaccessjournals.com/articles/3d-optical-coherence-tomography-for-clinical-diagnosis-of-nonmelanoma-skin-cancers-9179.html},
   year = {2011},
keywords = {AG-Huber, OCT},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Rahmanzadeh2011,
   author = {Rahmanzadeh, R. and Celli, J. and Rizvi, I. and Gerdes, J. and Hasan, T.},
   title = {The proliferation marker Ki-67 as novel molecular target for PDT},
   journal = {Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy},
   volume = {8},
   number = {2},
 pages = {129},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.03.025},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Klatt,
   author = {Klatt, C. and Saeger, M. and Oppermann, T. and Porksen, E. and Treumer, F. and Hillenkamp, J. and Fritzer, E. and Brinkmann, R. and Birngruber, R. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Selective retina therapy for acute central serous chorioretinopathy},
   journal = {Br J Ophthalmol},
   volume = {95},
   number = {1},
   pages = {83-8},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
Jan; Epub 2010 Jun 15},
   abstract = {AIMS: To evaluate selective retina therapy (SRT) as a treatment of acute central serous chorioretinopathy. METHODS: 30 eyes of 30 patients with central serous chorioretinopathy of at least a 3 months' duration were recruited. 14 eyes were randomised to an SRT group (Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (Nd:YLF) laser, wavelength 527 nm, t=1.7 mus, energy 100-370 muJ, spot diameter 200 mum, pulse repetition rate 100 Hz,) and 16 eyes to a control group. After 3 months of follow-up, patients in the control group with persistence of subretinal fluid (SRF) were allocated to a cross-over group, treated with SRT and followed up for further 3 months. The main outcome measures were change of best-corrected Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity (BCVA) and SRF. RESULTS: At 3 months of follow-up, the mean (SD) improvement of BCVA was significantly greater after SRT than in the control group: 12.7 (7.2) versus 6.3 (8.9) letters (p=0.04). SRF had decreased significantly more after SRT as compared with that the control group: 203 (136) mum versus 41 (150) mum (p=0.005). In eight eyes allocated to the cross-over group, the mean BCVA had increased during 3 months of follow up before SRT by 1.4 (5.2) letters and continued to increase during 3 months following SRT by 7.4 (6.3) letters, while SRF increased by 39.5 (160.2) mum before SRT and decreased by 151.5 (204.9) mum after SRT. In six of the eight eyes, SRF had completely resolved 3 months after SRT. CONCLUSIONS: SRT appears to expedite functional recovery and the re-absorption of SRF as compared with that in untreated controls. A larger prospective, randomised phase 3 confirmative patient study is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00987077.},
   year = {2011}
}

@inproceedings{Hüttmann2011,
   author = {Hüttmann, Gereon and Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin and Rudnitzki, Florian and Endl, Elmar and Hasan, Tayyaba},
   title = {Targeted molecular effects through laser-irradiated nanoabsorbers},
   editor = {Newsrrom, SPIE},
   DOI = {10.1117/2.1201102.003548},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
   year = { 2011}
}

@article{Obana,
   title        = {A Case of Retinal Injury By A Violet Light-Emitting Diode},
   author       = {Obana, Akira and Brinkmann, Ralf and Gohto, Yuko and Nishimura, Kasumi},
   year         = 2011,
   journal      = {Retinal Cases and Brief Reports},
   volume       = 5,
   number       = 3,
   pages        = {223--226 10.1097/ICB.0b013e3181e180d5},
   abstract     = {Purpose: To describe the first case of retinal injury by a misuse of a toy using light-emitting diode. Methods: A 15-year-old male Japanese student received irradiation on his right eye by a 5 mW light-emitting diode of 410 nm wavelength for 20 seconds in 2 days. He noticed decreased vision and central scotoma approximately 2 weeks later from these events. The mechanism of injury was evaluated from the estimated irradiance on the retina by comparison with experimental threshold data published. Results: Chorioretinal atrophy with visual loss and central scotoma has remained on the fovea. The patient received an estimated dose of 1.58 J/cm2 2 times, which was close to the experimentally determined radiant exposure for photochemical injury of rat retina. Conclusion: The violet light from light-emitting diodes is a potential hazard for the retina, and thus, direct viewing into the beam should be avoided. Children, especially, should not be allowed to play with such toys without being carefully instructed about their proper use and fully supervised.},
   keywords     = {black light light-emitting diode photochemical damage retinal injury visual disturbance. 01271216-201100530-00011}
}

@article{Obana,
   author = {Obana, Akira and Brinkmann, Ralf and Gohto, Yuko and Nishimura, Kasumi},
   title = {A Case of Retinal Injury By A Violet Light-Emitting Diode},
   journal = {Retinal Cases and Brief Reports},
   volume = {5},
   number = {3},
   pages = {223-226 10.1097/ICB.0b013e3181e180d5},
   abstract = {Purpose: To describe the first case of retinal injury by a misuse of a toy using light-emitting diode. Methods: A 15-year-old male Japanese student received irradiation on his right eye by a 5 mW light-emitting diode of 410 nm wavelength for 20 seconds in 2 days. He noticed decreased vision and central scotoma approximately 2 weeks later from these events. The mechanism of injury was evaluated from the estimated irradiance on the retina by comparison with experimental threshold data published. Results: Chorioretinal atrophy with visual loss and central scotoma has remained on the fovea. The patient received an estimated dose of 1.58 J/cm2 2 times, which was close to the experimentally determined radiant exposure for photochemical injury of rat retina. Conclusion: The violet light from light-emitting diodes is a potential hazard for the retina, and thus, direct viewing into the beam should be avoided. Children, especially, should not be allowed to play with such toys without being carefully instructed about their proper use and fully supervised.},
   keywords = {black light
light-emitting diode
photochemical damage
retinal injury
visual disturbance.
01271216-201100530-00011},
   year = {2011}
}

@article{Wang,
   author = {Wang, J. and Li, Z. and Yao, C. and Xue, F. and Zhang, Z. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Brownian diffusion of gold nanoparticles in an optical trap studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy},
   journal = {Laser Physics},
   volume = {21},
   number = {1},
   pages = {130-136},
   keywords = {Physik und Astronomie},
   year = {2011}
}

@article{Theisen-Kunde,
   author = {Theisen-Kunde, D. and Tedsen, S. and Doehn, C. and Jocham, D. and Kausch von Schmeling, I.},
   title = {Comparison between a 1.92-mum fiber laser and a standard HF-dissection device for nephron-sparing kidney resection in a porcine in vivo study},
   journal = {Lasers Med Sci},
   volume = {26},
   number = {4},
   pages = {509-14},
   note = {Theisen-Kunde, Dirk
Tedsen, Sonke
Doehn, Christian
Jocham, Dieter
Kausch von Schmeling, Ingo
England
Lasers Med Sci. 2011 Jul;26(4):509-14. Epub 2011 Jan 18.},
   abstract = {Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in a porcine model with a 1.92-mum fiber laser dissection device in comparison to a standard high-frequency dissection device. In nine pigs, general anesthesia and a median laparotomy were performed to expose both kidneys. On six kidneys (three HF and three laser) a partial renal parenchyma resection of the lower pole without opening of the renal pelvis was performed (group A). On 12 kidneys (four HF and eight laser), a hemi nephrectomy with opening of the renal pelvis was performed (group B). Total resection time including hemostasis of the remaining tissue was 501 +/- 394 s in group "A-laser " vs. 176 +/- 139 s in group "A-HF". For the group "B", the total resection time was 1174 +/- 501 s (B laser) vs. 960 +/- 407 s (B-HF). Blood loss was 28 +/- 22 ml in group "A laser " vs. 15 +/- 15 ml in group "A-HF". In group "B", the blood loss was 98 +/- 73 ml (B laser) vs. 137 +/- 118 ml (B-HF). No ischemic time for the kidneys was needed in group "A" for both dissection devices. In group "B", ischemia of the kidneys was performed three times during the eight laser procedures (420 +/- 60 s) and only once at the four HF procedures (1,260 s). Healing process was observed over 4-6 weeks, survival rate was 100%, and no renal fistulas were found after the survival period. In conclusion, no significant differences were found between the compared dissection devices. However, the laser system with the flexible transmission fiber may have an advantage for a laparoscopic approach by steerable instruments.},
   keywords = {Animals
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/*surgery
Hemostasis
Kidney/*surgery
Kidney Neoplasms/*surgery
Laser Therapy/*instrumentation/methods
Swine},
   year = {2011}
}

@article{Wieser:10,
author = {Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Thomas Klein and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Photon. News},
keywords = {General; Analog to digital converters; Crystallography; Image quality; Optical coherence tomography; Real time imaging; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {12},
pages = {28--28},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {High-Quality 3-D Imaging withMultimegahertz OCT},
volume = {21},
month = {Dec},
year = {2010},
url = {https://www.optica-opn.org/abstract.cfm?URI=opn-21-12-28},
doi = {10.1364/OPN.21.12.000028},
abstract = {We have developed interferometric systems to measure nanosize structures and freeze their motion in time. Researchers have also suggested a method to extract both phase and amplitude information for crystallography.},
}

@article{Biedermann:10,
author = {Benjamin R. Biedermann and Wolfgang Wieser and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Electrooptical modulators; Fourier transforms; Laser light; Laser sources; Optical coherence tomography; Swept lasers},
number = {22},
pages = {3733--3735},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Direct measurement of the instantaneous linewidth of rapidly wavelength-swept lasers},
volume = {35},
month = {Nov},
year = {2010},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-35-22-3733},
doi = {10.1364/OL.35.003733},
abstract = {The instantaneous linewidth of rapidly wavelength-swept laser sources as used for optical coherence tomography (OCT) is of crucial interest for a deeper understanding of physical effects involved in their operation. Swept lasers for OCT, typically sweeping over ~15 THz in ~10$\mu$s, have linewidths of several gigahertz. The high optical-frequency sweep speed makes it impossible to measure the instantaneous spectrum with standard methods. Hence, up to now, experimental access to the instantaneous linewidth was rather indirect by the inverse Fourier transform of the coherence decay. In this Letter, we present a method by fast synchronous time gating and extraction of a ``snapshot'' of the instantaneous spectrum with an electro-optic modulator, which can subsequently be measured with an optical spectrum analyzer. This new method is analyzed in detail, and systematic artifacts, such as sideband generation due to the modulation and residual wavelength uncertainty due to the sweeping operation, are quantified. The method is checked for consistency with results from the common, more indirect measurement via coherence properties.},
}

@article{Marschall:10,
author = {Sebastian Marschall and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Kevin Hsu and Kim P. Hansen and Bernd Sumpf and Karl-Heinz Hasler and G\"{o}tz Erbert and Ole B. Jensen and Christian Pedersen and Robert Huber and Peter E. Andersen},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Semiconductor lasers; Semiconductor optical amplifiers; Dispersion; High speed imaging; Laser light; Optical delay lines; Optical fibers; Optical standards; Swept sources},
number = {15},
pages = {15820--15831},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Fourier domain mode-locked swept source at 1050 nm based on a tapered amplifier},
volume = {18},
month = {Jul},
year = {2010},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-15-15820},
doi = {10.1364/OE.18.015820},
abstract = {While swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the 1050 nm range is promising for retinal imaging, there are certain challenges. Conventional semiconductor gain media have limited output power, and the performance of high-speed Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers suffers from chromatic dispersion in standard optical fiber. We developed a novel light source with a tapered amplifier as gain medium, and investigated the FDML performance comparing two fiber delay lines with different dispersion properties. We introduced an additional gain element into the resonator, and thereby achieved stable FDML operation, exploiting the full bandwidth of the tapered amplifier despite high dispersion. The light source operates at a repetition rate of 116 kHz with an effective average output power in excess of 30 mW. With a total sweep range of 70 nm, we achieved an axial resolution of 15 {\textmu}m in air (~11 {\textmu}m in tissue) in OCT measurements. As our work shows, tapered amplifiers are suitable gain media for swept sources at 1050 nm with increased output power, while high gain counteracts dispersion effects in an FDML laser.},
}

@article{Wieser:10,
author = {Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Thomas Klein and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Three-dimensional image acquisition; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Biological imaging; High speed imaging; Image processing algorithms; Image quality; Point spread function; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {14},
pages = {14685--14704},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Multi-Megahertz OCT: High quality 3D imaging at 20 million A-scans and 4.5 GVoxels per second},
volume = {18},
month = {Jul},
year = {2010},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-14-14685},
doi = {10.1364/OE.18.014685},
abstract = {We present ultra high speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) with multi-megahertz line rates and investigate the achievable image quality. The presented system is a swept source OCT setup using a Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser. Three different FDML-based swept laser sources with sweep rates of 1, 2.6 and 5.2MHz are compared. Imaging with 4 spots in parallel quadruples the effective speed, enabling depth scan rates as high as 20.8 million lines per second. Each setup provides at least 98dB sensitivity and ~10{\textmu}m resolution in tissue. High quality 2D and 3D imaging of biological samples is demonstrated at full scan speed. A discussion about how to best specify OCT imaging speed is included. The connection between voxel rate, line rate, frame rate and hardware performance of the OCT setup such as sample rate, analog bandwidth, coherence length, acquisition dead-time and scanner duty cycle is provided. Finally, suitable averaging protocols to further increase image quality are discussed.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.854238,
author = {Sebastian Marschall and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin Biedermann and Kevin Hsu and Bernd Sumpf and Karl-Heinz Hasler and G{\"o}tz Erbert and Ole B. Jensen and Christian Pedersen and Robert Huber and Peter E. Andersen},
title = {{High-power FDML laser for swept source-OCT at 1060 nm}},
volume = {7715},
booktitle = {Biophotonics: Photonic Solutions for Better Health Care II},
editor = {J{\"u}rgen Popp and Wolfgang Drexler and Valery V. Tuchin and Dennis L. Matthews},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {77150B},
abstract = {We present a novel frequency-swept light source working at 1060nm that utilizes a tapered amplifier as gain
medium. These devices feature significantly higher saturation power than conventional semiconductor optical
amplifiers and can thus improve the limited output power of swept sources in this wavelength range. We
demonstrate that a tapered amplifier can be integrated into a 
fiber-based swept source and allows for high-speed
FDML operation. The developed light source operates at a sweep rate of 116kHz with an effective average
output power in excess of 30mW. With a total sweep range of 70 nm an axial resolution of 15 μm in air (~11μm
in tissue) for OCT applications can be achieved.},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, swept source, tunable laser, tapered amplifier, fourier domain mode-locking},
year = {2010},
doi = {10.1117/12.854238},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.854238}
}

@inproceedings{Todor:10,
author = {Sebastian Todor and Christian Jirauschek and Benjamin Biedermann and Robert Huber},
booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010},
journal = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010},
keywords = {Lasers and laser optics; Laser theory; Lasers, tunable; Laser light; Laser operation; Mode locking; Optical amplifiers; Self phase modulation; Tunable lasers},
pages = {CMW7},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Linewidth Optimization of Fourier Domain Mode-Locked Lasers},
year = {2010},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO-2010-CMW7},
doi = {10.1364/CLEO.2010.CMW7},
abstract = {We theoretically and experimentally investigate the instantaneous linewidth of Fourier domain mode-locked lasers, yielding good agreement. Based on simulations, strategies are discussed to drastically reduce the laser linewidth.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.842011,
author = {Sebastian Marschall and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin Biedermann and Kevin Hsu and Bernd Sumpf and Karl-Heinz Hasler and G{\"o}tz Erbert and Ole B. Jensen and Christian Pedersen and Robert Huber and Peter E. Andersen},
title = {{FDML swept source at 1060 nm using a tapered amplifier}},
volume = {7554},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XIV},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {75541H},
abstract = {We present a novel frequency-swept light source working at 1060nm that utilizes a tapered amplifier as gain
medium. These devices feature significantly higher saturation power than conventional semiconductor optical
amplifiers and can thus improve the limited output power of swept sources in this wavelength range. We
demonstrate that a tapered amplifier can be integrated into a fiber-based swept source and allows for high-speed
FDML operation. The developed light source operates at a sweep rate of 116kHz with an effective average
output power in excess of 30mW. With a total sweep range of 70 nm an axial resolution of 15 μm in air (~11μm in tissue) for OCT applications can be achieved.},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, swept source, tunable laser, tapered amplifier, fourier domain mode-locking},
year = {2010},
doi = {10.1117/12.842011},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.842011}
}

@techreport{Probst,
   author = {Probst, J. and Koch, P. and Hüttmann, G},
   title = {Real Time 3D Rendering of Coherence Tomography Volumetric Data},
   month = {14.-16.06.2009},
   year = {2009}
}

@article{Miura2010,
   author = {Miura, Y and Klettner, A and Roider, J},
   title = {VEGF antagonists decrease barrier function of retinal pigment epithelium in vitro: possible participation of intracellular glutathione},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {51},
   number = {9},
   pages = {4848-55},
   note = {Miura, Yoko
Klettner, Alexa
Roider, Johann
United States
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Sep;51(9):4848-55. Epub 2010 Apr 30.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of VEGF antagonists on the barrier function of the retinal pigment epithelium and underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Porcine RPE cells were cultured on six-well membrane inserts. The cells were exposed to bevacizumab (62.5 microg/mL) or ranibizumab (25 microg/mL) for 24 hours (short term) or 9 days (long term). Transepithelial flux of FITC-dextran and intracellular levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) at normal and low-glucose conditions were investigated at different points in time. The influence of the addition of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) was investigated. The effect of GSH depletion on RPE permeability was examined using L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthethase inhibitor. RESULTS: After short-term exposure, VEGF antagonists increased the transepithelial flux of FITC-dextran significantly on day 2. Bevacizumab, but not ranibizumab, increased permeability up to 9 days. Under long-term exposure, both drugs enhanced permeability for 7 days; bevacizumab had the stronger effect. The addition of TA inhibited this increase. At the ninth day of short- and long-term exposure, bevacizumab-exposed cells, but not ranibizumab-exposed cells, exhibited a significantly lower GSH level. In the low-glucose condition, both drugs accelerated the decrease of intracellular GSH for the first 48 hours. GSH depletion increased the permeability of retinal pigment epithelium. TA had no effect on BSO-induced GSH depletion. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that bevacizumab and ranibizumab may decrease RPE barrier function, with bevacizumab exhibiting a prolonged and more profound effect. Combination with TA is thought to be beneficial because of its protective effect on stabilizing RPE junctional integrity.},
   keywords = {Angiogenesis Inhibitors/ pharmacology
Animals
Antibodies, Monoclonal/ pharmacology
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Buthionine Sulfoximine/pharmacology
Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects
Cells, Cultured
Dextrans/pharmacokinetics
Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/analogs & derivatives/pharmacokinetics
Glucose/pharmacology
Glutathione/ metabolism
Retinal Pigment Epithelium/cytology/ drug effects/ metabolism
Swine
Tight Junctions/drug effects/metabolism
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/ antagonists & inhibitors/metabolis
AutoPhoN},
   ISSN = {1552-5783 (Electronic)
0146-0404 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.09-4699},
   year = { 2010},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Prahs2010,
   title        = {Selective retina therapy (SRT) in patients with geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration},
   author       = {Prahs, P. and Walter, A. and Regler, R. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R. and Framme, C.},
   year         = 2010,
   journal      = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
   volume       = 248,
   number       = 5,
   pages        = {651--8},
   doi          = {10.1007/s00417-009-1208-1},
   issn         = {0721-832x},
   note         = {1435-702x Prahs, Philipp Walter, Andreas Regler, Roman Theisen-Kunde, Dirk Birngruber, Reginald Brinkmann, Ralf Framme, Carsten Journal Article Germany Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010 May;248(5):651-8. doi: 10.1007/s00417-009-1208-1. Epub 2009 Dec 22.},
   abstract     = {BACKGROUND: For geographic atrophy (GA) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) there is so far no approved treatment option. Usually, increased autofluorescence (AF) levels of different patterns adjacent to the atrophic area indicate lipofuscin-laden retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells at a high risk for apoptosis. Herein, SRT was used to selectively treat these cells to stimulate RPE proliferation, in order to reduce or ideally stop further growth of the atrophic area. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six eyes of six patients with bilateral equally pronounced GA were treated by SRT, while the fellow eye served as control. Irradiation was performed using a prototype SRT laser (Medical Laser Center Lubeck, Nd:YLF laser; 527 nm; 200 ns/1.7 micros pulse duration; 30 repetitive pulses at 100 Hz). Test lesions with increasing energies were applied at the lower vessel arcade to determine the individual angiographic and ophthalmoscopic threshold radiant exposures. Treatment was then performed in the area of increased AF adjacent to the GA using energies between both thresholds. The GA progression rates of treated and fellow eyes were evaluated. RESULTS: After a 1-year follow-up, a progression of the atrophic area was observed in the treated eyes (0.7-8.0 mm(2)/yr, mean 3.0 mm(2)/yr; 46%/yr) whereas the progression rates of the fellow eyes were insignificantly lower (0.46-4.04 mm(2)/yr, mean 1.9 mm(2)/yr; 30%/yr; p = 0.134). The progression rate in the treated eyes of two patients increased significantly, while in the other four patients, the progression rates were nearly the same between both eyes. Moreover, one of these two eyes showed an unexpected RPE reaction after treatment, since all laser lesions led to RPE atrophy and thus an accelerated enlargement of the GA occurred. CONCLUSION: SRT in the hyperautofluorescent areas of GA was not able to stop or slow down the progression of GA. However, modified treatment strategies might be more promising, e.g. placing the spots outside the hyperautofluorescent areas where RPE apoptosis is postulated. Moreover, SRT studies on GA might be more successfully performed on specific subgroups of GA, based on autofluorescence and other findings.},
   keywords     = {Aged Aged, 80 and over Disease Progression Fluorescein Angiography Fluorescence Follow-Up Studies Geographic Atrophy/etiology/physiopathology/*surgery Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted *Laser Coagulation Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use Lipofuscin/metabolism Macular Degeneration/complications/physiopathology/*surgery Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/*methods Pilot Projects Prognosis Retinal Pigment Epithelium/metabolism},
   type         = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Roider,
   author = {Roider, J. and Liew, S. H. and Klatt, C. and Elsner, H. and Poerksen, E. and Hillenkamp, J. and Brinkmann, R. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Selective retina therapy (SRT) for clinically significant diabetic macular edema},
   journal = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
   volume = {248},
   number = {9},
   pages = {1263-72},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
Sep},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: To test selective retina therapy (SRT) as a treatment of clinically significant diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: Prospective two-center interventional uncontrolled phase II pilot study. Thirty-nine eyes of 39 patients with previously untreated non-ischemic DME were treated with focal laser treatment using a Q-switched frequency doubled Nd:YLF laser which selectively affects the retinal pigment epithelium while sparing the photoreceptor layer. Optoacoustic measurements, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and funduscopy were used to determine the individual threshold of RPE damage of each patient. The pulse energy was adjusted to apply angiographically visible but funduscopically invisible effects. Optoacoustic measurements were correlated with funduscopy and FFA. Follow-up examinations at 3 and 6 months post-treatment included best-corrected ETDRS visual acuity (BCVA), FFA, fundus photography, and retinal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography. The primary outcome measure was change of BCVA. Other outcome measures were change of retinal thickness, presence of hard exudates, leakage in FFA, accuracy of optoacoustic measurements, and correlation of BCVA with change of anatomical and systemic parameters. RESULTS: Mean BCVA improved from 43.7 letters (standard deviation, SD=9.1) at baseline to 46.1 letters (SD=10.5) at the 6-month follow-up (p=0.02). BCVA improved (>5 letters) or remained stable (+/-5 letters) in 84% of eyes. Thirteen percent of eyes improved by > or =10 letters, while 16% of eyes lost more than 5 letters. There was no severe loss of vision (> or =15 letters). Overall, retinal thickness, hard exudates, and leakage in FFA did not change significantly (p> 0.05), while improvement of BCVA correlated with a reduction of hard exudates (p=0.01) and central retinal thickness (p=0.01). Specificity and sensitivity of detecting the angiographic visible threshold of RPE damage by optoacoustic measurements were 86% and 70% respectively. No adverse effects or pain were noted during or after treatment. Conclusions Functional and anatomical improvement or stabilization was observed in most patients. SRT appears to be safe. Optoacoustic measurements accurately detect the individual threshold of RPE damage. A randomized trial is required to further test efficacy and safety of SRT as a treatment of clinically significant diabetic macular edema (DME).},
   year = {2010}
}

@article{Bombien,
   author = {Bombien, R. and Lesche, C. and Lozonschi, L. and Feucker, M. and Brinkmann, R. and Dahmen, C. and Schunke, M. and Cremer, J. and Lutter, G.},
   title = {Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement: Emerging Tractability for Sufficient Intracardiac Resection of the Aortic Valve},
   journal = {Innovations (Phila)},
   volume = {5},
   number = {1},
   pages = {55-59},
   note = {Philadelphia, Pa.
Innovations (Phila). 2010 Jan;5(1):55-59.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVE:: The feasibility of endovascular resection of highly calcified aortic valves has already been demonstrated by our group. Different endovascular and intracardiac tractability methods were applied. In this study, these technologies were analyzed comparing the tractability, the resection time, and the lesions in the surrounding tissue. METHODS:: All aortic valve resections (seven human hearts and 21 porcine hearts) were performed using a Thulium:YAG laser (continuous wave, wavelength of 2.01 mum, 20 watts power rating). In the first resection system, the laser fiber was controlled by a free in-lying flexible endoscope (O 2.5 mm, length of 600 mm). The distal part of the endoscope (40 mm) was moved in one plane by proximal manual control (three degrees of freedom). The resection system was separated into defined rooms assigning one room for one tool. The fiber was controlled by the above-mentioned endoscope (*) (three degrees of freedom). The third resection system was a mechanical microactuator carrying the laser fiber (three degrees of freedom). The fourth resection system contains a rotatable inlay with defined rooms and a newly designed nitinol (NiTi) microactuator that controlled the laser fiber (four degrees of freedom). The resection time per leaflet was measured in minutes. Gross anatomy and histology in the surrounding tissue were evaluated. RESULTS:: The resection time in approaches 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 5.5 +/- 2.3 minutes, 7.4 +/- 2.7 minutes, +/- 6.6 minutes, and2.3 +/- 1.2 minutes, respectively. The gross anatomy and histology of collateral damages revealed only superficial lesions of the surrounding tissue. The amount of lesions and the resection time were lower in the fourth approach with four degrees of freedom. CONCLUSIONS:: This analysis demonstrated that a precise tractability with four degrees of freedom is necessary for a faster and safer endovascular resection of the aortic valve. The analysis will help to optimize the ongoing development of the endovascular and intracardiac resection technology.},
   year = {2010}
}

@article{Probst2010,
   author = {Probst, Joachim and Hillmann, Dierck and Lankenau, Eva and Winter, Christan and Oelckers, Stefan and Koch, Peter and Huttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Optical coherence tomography with online visualization of more than seven rendered volumes per second},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {15},
   number = {2},
   pages = {026014},
   keywords = {image resolution
medical image processing
optical tomography
rendering (computer graphics)
surgery},
   year = {2010}
}

@article{Wiesner2010,
   author = {Wiesner, M. and Ihlemann, J. and Muller, H. H. and Lankenau, E. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {Optical coherence tomography for process control of laser micromachining},
   journal = {Rev Sci Instrum},
   volume = {81},
   number = {3},
   pages = {033705},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
Mar},
   abstract = {In situ surface imaging for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) before, during, and after ablative laser processing is presented. Furthermore, it is shown that the ability of in situ characterization is beneficial for samples such as optical fibers, which are difficult to handle in the standard analysis. Surface images taken by the OCT are compared with these common analysis tools such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), reflected-light, and confocal microscopy. An axial resolution of approximately 126 nm for surface detection and a lateral resolution <2.5 microm are obtained and the potential of the setup to imaging structures with high aspect ratio is demonstrated.},
   year = {2010}
}

@article{Just,
   author = {Just, T. and Lankenau, E. and Prall, F. and Huttmann, G. and Pau, H. W. and Sommer, K.},
   title = {Optical coherence tomography allows for the reliable identification of laryngeal epithelial dysplasia and for precise biopsy: a clinicopathological study of 61 patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy},
   journal = {Laryngoscope},
   volume = {120},
   number = {10},
   pages = {1964-70},
   note = {Just, Tino
Lankenau, Eva
Prall, Friedrich
Huttmann, Gereon
Pau, Hans Wilhelm
Sommer, Konrad
Laryngoscope. 2010 Oct;120(10):1964-70.},
   abstract = {OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: A newly developed microscope-based spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) device and an endoscope-based time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) were used to assess the inter-rater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of benign and dysplastic laryngeal epithelial lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: OCT during microlaryngoscopy was done on 35 patients with an endoscope-based TD-OCT, and on 26 patients by an SD-OCT system integrated into an operating microscope. Biopsies were taken from microscopically suspicious lesions allowing comparative study of OCT images and histology. RESULTS: Thickness of the epithelium was seen to be the main criterion for degree of dysplasia. The inter-rater reliability for two observers was found to be kappa = 0.74 (P <.001) for OCT. OCT provided test outcomes for differentiation between benign laryngeal lesions and dysplasia/CIS with sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 89%, PPV of 85%, NPV of 91%, and predictive accuracy of 88%. However, because of the limited penetration depth of the laser light primarily in hyperkeratotic lesions (thickness above 1.5 mm), the basal cell layer was no longer visible, precluding reliable assessment of such lesions. CONCLUSIONS: OCT allows for a fairly accurate assessment of benign and dysplastic laryngeal epithelial lesion and greatly facilitates the taking of precise biopsies. Laryngoscope, 2010.},
   keywords = {Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Biopsy
Female
Humans
Laryngeal Diseases/*pathology
Laryngoscopy/*methods
Male
Middle Aged
Precancerous Conditions/*pathology
Prospective Studies
Reproducibility of Results
Sensitivity and Specificity
*Tomography, Optical Coherence},
   year = {2010}
}

@article{Rahmanzadeh2010,
   author = {Rahmanzadeh, R. and Rai, P. and Celli, J. P. and Rizvi, I. and Baron-Luhr, B. and Gerdes, J. and Hasan, T.},
   title = {Ki-67 as a molecular target for therapy in an in vitro three-dimensional model for ovarian cancer},
   journal = {Cancer Res},
   volume = {70},
   number = {22},
   pages = {9234-42},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
Nov 15; Epub 2010 Nov 2},
   abstract = {Targeting molecular markers and pathways implicated in cancer cell growth is a promising avenue for developing effective therapies. Although the Ki-67 protein (pKi-67) is a key marker associated with aggressively proliferating cancer cells and poor prognosis, its full potential as a therapeutic target has never before been successfully shown. In this regard, its nuclear localization presents a major hurdle because of the need for intracellular and intranuclear delivery of targeting and therapeutic moieties. Using a liposomally encapsulated construct, we show for the first time the specific delivery of a Ki-67-directed antibody and subsequent light-triggered death in the human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-5. Photoimmunoconjugate-encapsulating liposomes (PICEL) were constructed from anti-pKi-67 antibodies conjugated to fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate, as a photoactivatable agent, followed by encapsulation in noncationic liposomes. Nucleolar localization of the PICELs was confirmed by confocal imaging. Photodynamic activation with PICELs specifically killed pKi-67-positive cancer cells both in monolayer and in three-dimensional (3D) cultures of OVCAR-5 cells, with the antibody TuBB-9 targeting a physiologically active form of pKi-67 but not with MIB-1, directed to a different epitope. This is the first demonstration of (a) the exploitation of Ki-67 as a molecular target for therapy and (b) specific delivery of an antibody to the nucleolus in monolayer cancer cells and in an in vitro 3D model system. In view of the ubiquity of pKi-67 in proliferating cells in cancer and the specificity of targeting in 3D multicellular acini, these findings are promising and the approach merits further investigation.},
   year = {2010}
}

@book{Bonin2010,
   author = {Bonin, T. and Franke, G. and Hagen-Eggert, M. and Koch, P. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {In vivo Fourier-domain full-field OCT of the human retina with 1.5 million A-lines/s},
   publisher = {Opt Lett. 2010 Oct 15;35(20):3432-4. doi: 10.1364/OL.35.003432.},
   abstract = {In vivo full-field (FF) optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of human retina are presented by using a rapidly tunable laser source in combination with an ultra-high-speed camera. Fourier-domain FF-OCT provided a way to increase the speed of retinal imaging by parallel acquisition of A-scans. Reduced contrast caused by cross talk was observed only below the retinal pigment epithelium. With a 100Hz sweep rate, FF-OCT was fast enough to acquire OCT images with acceptable motion artifacts. FF-OCT allows ultrafast retinal imaging, boosting image speed by a lack of moving parts and a considerably higher irradiation power.},
  year={2010}
}

@article{Framme2010,
   author = {Framme, C. and Panagakis, G. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Effects on Choroidal Neovascularization after Anti-VEGF Upload Using Intravitreal Ranibizumab, as Determined by Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {51},
   number = {3},
   pages = {1671-1676},
   note = {563VW
Times Cited:18
Cited References Count:17},
   abstract = {PURPOSE. It is unclear whether anti-VEGF monotherapy in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) achieves morphologic CNV regression or only stops further CNV growth. In this study, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to image CNV structure before and after anti-VEGF treatment.
METHODS. Out of 107 consecutive patients, a prospective CNV evaluation was possible in 78 of them. Newly diagnosed CNV (classic CNV: n = 16; occult CNV: n = 54; minimal classic CNV: n = 8) due to AMD was imaged before and 4 weeks after anti-VEGF upload in three intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. Qualitative (structural changes) and quantitative measurements (diameter and thickness) of the CNV were obtained from the OCT images.
RESULTS. Classic CNV components were observed above the RPE/photoreceptor complex, whereas occult CNVs stayed below. Of all postoperative OCTs, 59% revealed complete dry retinal structures, 27% showed reduced edema, and 14% showed edema remaining unchanged. Mean macular thickness decreased significantly from 427 to 303 mu m (P = 0.000). Qualitatively, overall CNV architecture appeared to be unchanged in 78%, was reduced in thickness in 18%, and became larger in 4%. Quantitatively, in all CNV subtypes, the diameter of the CNV lesions (preoperative, 2813 mu m; postoperative, 2804 mu m) did not change after treatment (classic CNV: P = 0.390; occult CNV: P = 0.405, minimal classic CNV: P = 0.092) independent of postoperative retinal edema. The overall thickness of the lesion, however, was reduced from 205 to 175 mu m (P = 0.000). Thickness reduction was significantly enhanced especially in CNV with classic components (n = 24; 252 to 197 mu m; P = 0.000; reduction, 22%), whereas reduction was smaller but also significant in occult CNV (183 to 164 mu m; P = 0.003; reduction, 10%).
CONCLUSIONS. With SD-OCT, CNV size can be two-dimensionally determined and followed up after intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment. In only 4% of CNV was enlargement observed, whereas in 78%, CNV architecture appeared qualitatively unchanged, independent of retinal edema. Quantitative measurements underlined stable CNV diameters for all subtypes but revealed significant reduction of thickness especially for classic CNV components. In this series, ranibizumab monotherapy was able to morphologically stop further CNV growth but, in most patients, did not lead to a major regression of CNV, especially of its occult components. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:1671-1676) DOI:10.1167/iovs.09-4496},
   keywords = {macular degeneration
therapy
verteporfin
oct},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   DOI = {Doi 10.1167/Iovs.09-4496},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000275164300060},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Rai,
   author = {Rai, P. and Mallidi, S. and Zheng, X. and Rahmanzadeh, R. and Mir, Y. and Elrington, S. and Khurshid, A. and Hasan, T.},
   title = {Development and applications of photo-triggered theranostic agents},
   journal = {Adv Drug Deliv Rev},
   volume = {62},
   number = {11},
   pages = {1094-124},
   note = {Rai, Prakash
Mallidi, Srivalleesha
Zheng, Xiang
Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin
Mir, Youssef
Elrington, Stefan
Khurshid, Ahmat
Hasan, Tayyaba
Nihms238162
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2010 Aug 30;62(11):1094-124. Epub 2010 Sep 19.},
   abstract = {Theranostics, the fusion of therapy and diagnostics for optimizing efficacy and safety of therapeutic regimes, is a growing field that is paving the way towards the goal of personalized medicine for the benefit of patients. The use of light as a remote-activation mechanism for drug delivery has received increased attention due to its advantages in highly specific spatial and temporal control of compound release. Photo-triggered theranostic constructs could facilitate an entirely new category of clinical solutions which permit early recognition of the disease by enhancing contrast in various imaging modalities followed by the tailored guidance of therapy. Finally, such theranostic agents could aid imaging modalities in monitoring response to therapy. This article reviews recent developments in the use of light-triggered theranostic agents for simultaneous imaging and photoactivation of therapeutic agents. Specifically, we discuss recent developments in the use of theranostic agents for photodynamic-, photothermal- or photo-triggered chemotherapy for several diseases.},
   keywords = {Animals
Anti-Infective Agents/diagnostic use/therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Agents/diagnostic use/therapeutic use
Diagnostic Imaging/ methods
Drug Carriers/diagnostic use/therapeutic use
Humans
Infection/ diagnosis/ drug therapy
Nanoparticles/diagnostic use/therapeutic use
Neoplasms/ diagnosis/drug therapy/ therapy
Phototherapy/ methods},
   year = {2010}
}

@article{Miura2010,
   author = {Miura, Y. and Klettner, A. and Noelle, B. and Hasselbach, H. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Change of morphological and functional characteristics of retinal pigment epithelium cells during cultivation of retinal pigment epithelium-choroid perfusion tissue culture},
   journal = {Ophthalmic Res},
   volume = {43},
   number = {3},
   pages = {122-33},
   note = {1423-0259
Miura, Yoko
Klettner, Alexa
Noelle, Bernhard
Hasselbach, Heike
Roider, Johann
Journal Article
Switzerland
Ophthalmic Res. 2010;43(3):122-33. doi: 10.1159/000252979. Epub 2009 Oct 29.},
   abstract = {AIMS: To evaluate the changes of morphological and functional characteristics of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid perfusion culture during cultivation. METHODS: PorcineRPE-choroid tissue was cultivated in a perfusion tissue culture system. After the indicated times, histology, immunolocalization of collagen IV and von Willebrand factor, RPE cell viability with calcein-AM, TUNEL assay and occludin immunolocalization of RPE cells were examined. The tissue was treated with selective RPE treatment laser after different time periods and the wound healing response was characterized. Vascular endothelial growth factor secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: On day 8, prominent morphological degenerative changes of RPE cells were observed in histology. According to the immunohistochemistry for collagen IV, the Bruch's membrane did not display any obvious decomposition until day 8. Von Willebrand factor staining decreased during cultivation, especially at the choriocapillaris. Calcein-AM staining and TUNEL assay displayed the increase of apoptotic changes in only a minority of the cells on day 4, but in many cells on day 8. Occludin delocalization was observed on day 8. Selective RPE treatment laser-produced wounds were completely closed by monolayer RPE when wounded on fresh and 3-day-old cultures, but not when wounded on 6-day-old cultures. Vascular endothelial growth factor secretion was stable between days 2 and 5, but increased after that. CONCLUSION: Under the stated culture perfusion conditions, porcine RPE-choroid tissue was suitable for experimentation up to 5 days of maintenance.},
   keywords = {Animals
*Apoptosis
Bruch Membrane/pathology
Cell Survival
Choroid/metabolism/*pathology/surgery
Collagen Type IV/metabolism
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Fluoresceins/metabolism
Immunoenzyme Techniques
In Situ Nick-End Labeling
Laser Therapy
Membrane Proteins/metabolism
Occludin
Organ Culture Techniques
Retinal Pigment Epithelium/metabolism/*pathology/surgery
Swine
Time Factors
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
Wound Healing
von Willebrand Factor/metabolism},
   ISSN = {0030-3747},
   DOI = { 10.1159/000252979},
   year = {2010},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Miura2010,
   author = {Miura, Y and Huettmann, G and Orzekowsky-Schroeder, R and Steven, P and Szaszák, M and Koop, N and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Appearance of autofluorescence in RPE cells at the rim of photocoagulation},
   booktitle = {FLIM 2010 - Symposium "Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of the Human Retina"},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
Year = { 2010}
}

@inproceedings{Rahmanzadeh,
   author = {Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin and Rai, Prakash and Gerdes, Johannes and Hasan, Tayyaba},
   title = {Targeted light-inactivation of the Ki-67 protein using theranostic liposomes leads to death of proliferating cells},
   editor = {Samuel, Achilefu and Ramesh, Raghavachari},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {7576},
   pages = {757602},
year = {2010},
doi ={10.1117/12.843850},
keywords = {Nanotechnology, Ovarian Cancer, Proliferative Index, Photodynamic Therapy,Antibody}

}

@inproceedings{Just,
   author = {Just, T. and Lankenau, E. and Huttmann, G. and Pau, H. W.},
   title = {An optical coherence tomography study for imaging the round window niche and the promontorium tympani},
   editor = {Nikiforos, Kollias and Bernard, Choi and Haishan, Zeng and Reza, S. Malek and Brian, J. Wong and Justus, F. R. Ilgner and Kenton, W. Gregory and Guillermo, J. Tearney and Laura, Marcu and Henry, Hirschberg and Steen, J. Madsen and Andreas, Mandelis and Anita, Mahadevan-Jansen and Jansen, E. Duco},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {7548},
   pages = {754833},

}

@article{Müller-2010,
   author = {Mueller, M. and Schulz-Wackerbarth, C. and Steven, P. and Lankenau, E. and Bonin, T. and Mueller, H. and Brueggemann, A. and Birngruber, R. and Grisanti, S. and Huettmann, G.},
   title = {Slit-lamp-adapted fourier-domain OCT for anterior and posterior segments: preliminary results and comparison to time-domain OCT},
   journal = {Curr Eye Res},
   volume = {35(8)},
 DOI = { 10.3109/02713683.2010.481069},
year = { 2010},
   pages = {722-32},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
Aug},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of a slit-lamp (SL)-adapted Fourier-domain (= spectral radar, SR) optical coherence tomography (OCT)-SL-SR-OCT-instrument as an in vivo imaging device for use in examinations of the anterior and posterior segments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a pilot study, 88 eyes from 70 healthy volunteers and patients were examined using a prototype Fourier-domain SL-SR-OCT system. Results were compared to those from the following commercially available systems: the 1310-nm SL-OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) for anterior segment and the Stratus OCT (Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) for posterior segment imaging. Our SL-SR-OCT provides 1025 axial scans, 5000 Hz line-scan frequency, scan length of up to 8 mm, axial depth in air of 3.5 mm, and resolution of 9 mum. For posterior visualization, a hand-held 78-diopter ophthalmoscopic lens was used. RESULTS: Our SL-SR-OCT system allowed simultaneous scanning with direct biomicroscopic and SL imaging of anterior and posterior segment structures. Anatomical structures and pathological changes were displayed with high resolution and excellent contrast. Measurements of corneal and retinal thickness were possible. In comparison to images obtained by the SL-OCT, our SL-SR-OCT boasted a higher resolution, thus providing more clinically relevant details of the corneal epithelium, internal structure of filtering blebs, etc. Complete imaging of the chamber angle was limited, however, due to the backscattering properties of the sclera at 830 nm. For posterior segment imaging, excellent delineation of the macula and optic nerve head details, with a distinct portrayal of macular pathology and retinal edema, was possible with SL-SR-OCT. CONCLUSION: SL-SR-OCT enables detailed imaging of physiological and pathological anterior and posterior segment structures. As a multi-purpose device, it offers a wide spectrum of applications, with high-quality OCT-imaging, in a comfortable setting without the need to move the patient.},
  
}

@inproceedings{Orzekowsky2010,
   author = {Orzekowsky-Schroeder, Regina and Klinger, Antje and Schuth, Anna and Freidank, Sebastian and Huttmann, Gereon and Gebert, Andreas and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Intravital real-time study of tissue response to controlled laser-induced cavitation using 500-ps UV laser pulses focused in murine gut mucosa under online dosimetry and spectrally resolved 2-photon microscopy},
   editor = {Daniel, L. Farkas and Dan, V. Nicolau and Robert, C. Leif},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {7568},
   pages = {756815},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.843102},
year = { 2010}

}

@inproceedings{Xie,
   author = {Xie, Y. and Bonin, T. and Loeffler, S. and Huettmann, G. and Tronnier, V. and Hofmann, U. G.},
   title = {Fiber spectral domain optical coherence tomography for in vivo rat brain imaging},
   editor = {Jurgen, Popp and Wolfgang, Drexler and Valery, V. Tuchin and Dennis, L. Matthews},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {7715},
   pages = {77152F},
year = { 2010},
URL = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.854798}

}

@article{Jirauschek:09,
author = {Christian Jirauschek and Benjamin Biedermann and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Laser theory; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Fourier domain mode locking; Laser modes; Laser sources; Mode locking; Optical amplifiers; Spontaneous emission},
number = {26},
pages = {24013--24019},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {A theoretical description of Fourier domain mode locked lasers},
volume = {17},
month = {Dec},
year = {2009},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-26-24013},
doi = {10.1364/OE.17.024013},
abstract = {The first theoretical model of Fourier domain mode locking operation is presented. A specially tailored dynamic equation in a moving spectral reference frame is derived, enabling efficient numerical treatment, despite the broad laser spectrum and the extremely long cavity. The excellent agreement of the presented theory with experiment over a wide range of operation parameters enables a quantitative assessment of the relevant physical effects, such as the spectral loss modulation and gain saturation dynamics, amplified spontaneous emission, linewidth enhancement, and self-phase modulation.},
}

@article{Wieser:09,
author = {Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Thomas Klein and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Fiber characterization; Fiber properties; Fibers, single-mode; Optical communications; Lasers, tunable; Dispersion; Optical standards and testing; Lasers, fiber; Fiber optic amplifiers; Laser modes; Laser sources; Mode locking; Optical networks; Thermal effects},
number = {25},
pages = {22871--22878},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Ultra-rapid dispersion measurement in optical fibers},
volume = {17},
month = {Dec},
year = {2009},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-25-22871},
doi = {10.1364/OE.17.022871},
abstract = {We present a novel method to measure the chromatic dispersion of fibers with lengths of several kilometers. The technique is based on a rapidly swept Fourier domain mode locked laser driven at 50kHz repetition rate. Amplitude modulation with 400MHz and phase analysis yield the dispersion values over a 130nm continuous wavelength tuning range covering C and L band. The high acquisition speed of 10{\textmu}s for individual wavelength-resolved traces $\Delta$t($\lambda$) can reduce effects caused by thermal drift and acoustic vibrations. It enables real-time monitoring with update rates \>100Hz even when averaging several hundred acquisitions for improved accuracy.},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{5343314,
  author={Huber, Robert},
  booktitle={2009 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings}, 
  title={Advances in Fourier domain OCT}, 
  year={2009},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={201-202},
  abstract={In optical coherence tomography, the introduction of so called ldquoFrequency Domainrdquo techniques, i.e. spectrally resolved detection, had a dramatic impact on these biomedical imaging systems. The current status and future developments will be discussed.},
  keywords={},
  doi={10.1109/LEOS.2009.5343314},
  ISSN={1092-8081},
  month={Oct},}

@article{Ploetz:09,
author = {E. Ploetz and B. Marx and T. Klein and R. Huber and P. Gilch},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Laser amplifiers; Ultrafast lasers; Nonlinear microscopy; Raman microscopy; Laser sources; Raman microscopy; Raman scattering; Raman spectroscopy; Stimulated Raman scattering; Time resolved spectroscopy},
number = {21},
pages = {18612--18620},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {A 75 MHz Light Source for Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Microscopy},
volume = {17},
month = {Oct},
year = {2009},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-21-18612},
doi = {10.1364/OE.17.018612},
abstract = {In femtosecond stimulated Raman microscopy (FSRM) a spectrally broad pulse (Raman probe) and a spectrally narrow pulse (Raman pump) interact in a sample and thereby generate a Raman spectrum of the focal volume. Here a novel light source for FSRM is presented. It consists of an 8-fs laser (repetition rate of 75 MHz) operating as Raman probe. A Yb3$+$ based fiber amplifier generates the Raman pump light at 980 nm. The amplifier is seeded by the spectral wing of the 8-fs laser output which ensures synchronisation of pump and probe pulses. Spectral and temporal characteristics of these pulses are reported and simultaneous recording of broadband Raman spectra relying on these pulses is demonstrated.},
}

@article{Eigenwillig:09,
author = {Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Wolfgang Wieser and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Noise in imaging systems; Optical coherence tomography; Fabry-Perot; Filters; Interferometry; Lasers, tunable; Fiber Bragg grating sensors; Image quality; Light properties; Light sources; Medical imaging; Mode locking},
number = {21},
pages = {18794--18807},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Wavelength swept amplified spontaneous emission source},
volume = {17},
month = {Oct},
year = {2009},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-21-18794},
doi = {10.1364/OE.17.018794},
abstract = {We present a new, alternative approach to realize a wavelength swept light source with no fundamental limit to sweep speed. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light alternately passes a cascade of optical gain elements and tunable optical bandpass filters. We show that for high sweep speeds, the control signal for the different filters has to be applied with a defined, precise phase delay on the order of nanoseconds, to compensate for the light propagation time between the filters and ensure optimum operation. At a center wavelength of 1300 nm sweep rates of 10 kHz, 100 kHz and 340 kHz over a sweep range of 100 nm full width and an average power of 50 mW are demonstrated. For application in optical coherence tomography (OCT), an axial resolution of 12 {\textmu}m (air), a sensitivity of 120 dB (50 mW) and a dynamic range of 50 dB are achieved and OCT imaging is demonstrated. Performance parameters like coherence properties and relative intensity noise (RIN) are quantified, discussed and compared to the performance of Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) lasers. Physical models for the observed difference in performance are provided.},
}