@article{Lange 2019,
   author = {Lange, B;Cordes, J. and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Exploiting the aiming beam to increase the safety of laser lithotripsy: Experimental evaluation of light reflection and fluorescence},
   journal = {Lasers in Surgery and Medicine},
   ISSN = {0196-8092},   
   url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lsm.23154},
   year = {2019},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Lange2019,
   author = {Lange, B;Cordes, J. and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Exploiting the aiming beam to increase the safety of laser lithotripsy: Experimental evaluation of light reflection and fluorescence},
   journal = {Lasers in Surgery and Medicine},
   
   ISSN = {0196-8092},
   DOI = {10.1002/lsm.23154},
   
   year = {2019},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@book{Hutfilz-2019,
   author = {Hutfilz, A;Burri, C;Theisen-Kunde, D;Meier, C and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Ex vivo investigation of different μs laser pulse durations for selective retina therapy},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {11079},
Keywords = {selective retina therapy, SRT, retinal pigment epithelium, eye model, ED-values, intensity modulation factor, IMF},
   series = {European Conferences on Biomedical Optics},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2526948},
   year = {2019},
   type = {Book}
}

@inproceedings{Strenge2019,
Title = {Ex vivo and in vivo imaging of human brain tissue with different OCT systems},
author = {Strenge, P.; Lange, B; Grill, C; Draxinger, W; Dannicke, V; Theisen-Kunde, D; Bonsanto, M; Huber, R and Brinkmann, R},
abstract = {Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique which is currently investigated for intraoperative detection of residual tumor during resection of human gliomas. Three different OCT systems were used for imaging of human glioblastoma in vivo (830nm spectral domain (SD) OCT integrated into a surgical microscope) and ex vivo (940nm SD-OCT and 1310nm swept-source MHz-OCT using a Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser). Before clinical data acquisition, the systems were characterized using a three-dimensional point-spread function phantom. To distinguish tumor from healthy brain tissue later on, attenuation coefficients of each pixel in OCT depth profiles are calculated. First examples from a clinical study show that the pixel-resolved calculation of the attenuation coefficient provides a good image contrast and confirm that white matter shows a higher signal and more homogeneous signal structure than tumorous tissue.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, FDML laser, MHz-OCT, glioblastoma, intraoperative imaging, brain
imaging},
   DOI= {10.1117/12.2526932},
   year = {2019},
   type = {Conference Paper}
}

@article{Maertz2018,
   author = {Maertz, J; Kolb, J P; Klein, T; Mohler, K J; Eibl, M; Wieser, W; Huber, R; Priglinger, S and Wolf, A},
   title = {Combined in-depth, 3D, en face imaging of the optic disc, optic disc pits and optic disc pit maculopathy using swept-source megahertz OCT at 1050 nm},
   journal = {Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
   number = {2},
   pages = {289-298},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00417-017-3857-9},
   url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032262413&doi=10.1007%2fs00417-017-3857-9&partnerID=40&md5=a46c315f12cf5e633ea0f7e644116eb3},
   year = {2018},
   Keywords= {En face imaging, Optical coherence tomography, Swept-source OCT, Megahertz OCT, 3D rendering, Optic disc, Optic disc pit, Optic disc pit maculopathy, AG-Huber_OCT},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{seifert2018,
   author = {Seifert, E; Tode, J; Pielen, A; Theisen-Kunde, D; Framme, C; Roider, J; Miura, Y; Birngruber, R and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Selective retina therapy: toward an optically controlled automatic dosing},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   
   pages = {1-12},
   ISSN = {1560-2281 (Electronic)
1083-3668 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.JBO.23.11.115002},   
keywords = {algorithm, lasers in medicine, ophthalmology, retinal pigment epithelium, selective retina therapy, selectivity},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Eibl2018,
  doi = {10.1364/boe.9.006273},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/boe.9.006273},
  year = {2018},
  month = nov,
  publisher = {The Optical Society},
  volume = {9},
  number = {12},
  pages = {6273},
  author = {Matthias Eibl and Daniel Weng and Hubertus Hakert and Jan Philip Kolb and Tom Pfeiffer and Jennifer E. Hundt and Robert Huber and Sebastian Karpf},
  title = {Wavelength agile multi-photon microscopy with a fiber amplified diode laser},
  journal = {Biomedical Optics Express}
}

@article{Schulz-Hildebrandt:18,
author = {Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt and Tom Pfeiffer and Tim Eixmann and Sabrina Lohmann and Martin Ahrens and Joshua Rehra and Wolfgang Draxinger and Peter K\"{o}nig and Robert Huber and Gereon H\"{u}ttmann},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Fiber optics imaging; Endoscopic imaging; Medical and biological imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Fourier domain mode locking; Image quality; Optical coherence tomography; Single mode fibers; Step index fibers; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {18},
pages = {4386--4389},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {High-speed fiber scanning endoscope for volumetric multi-megahertz optical coherence tomography},
volume = {43},
month = {Sep},
year = {2018},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-43-18-4386},
doi = {10.1364/OL.43.004386},
abstract = {We present a forward-viewing fiber scanning endoscope (FSE) for high-speed volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT). The reduction in size of the probe was achieved by substituting the focusing optics by an all-fiber-based imaging system which consists of a combination of scanning single-mode fibers, a glass spacer, made from a step-index multi-mode fiber, and a gradient-index fiber. A lateral resolution of 11 $\mu$m was achieved at a working distance of 1.2 mm. The newly designed piezo-based FSE has an outer diameter of 1.6 mm and a rigid length of 13.5 mm. By moving the whole imaging optic in spirals for scanning the sample, the beam quality remains constant over the entire field of view with a diameter of 0.8 mm. The scanning frequency was adjusted to 1.22 kHz for use with a 3.28 MHz Fourier domain mode locked OCT system. Densely sampled volumes have been imaged at a rate of 6 volumes per second.},
}

@article{Pfeiffer:18,
author = {Tom Pfeiffer and Markus Petermann and Wolfgang Draxinger and Christian Jirauschek and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Fiber optics imaging; Lasers, fiber; Optical coherence tomography; Laser stabilization ; Lasers, frequency modulated ; Analog to digital converters; Dark solitons; Image quality; Laser modes; Mode locking; Optical coherence tomography},
number = {9},
pages = {4130--4148},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Ultra low noise Fourier domain mode locked laser for high quality megahertz optical coherence tomography},
volume = {9},
month = {Sep},
year = {2018},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-9-9-4130},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.9.004130},
abstract = {We investigate the origin of high frequency noise in Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) lasers and present an extremely well dispersion compensated setup which virtually eliminates intensity noise and dramatically improves coherence properties. We show optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging at 3.2 MHz A-scan rate and demonstrate the positive impact of the described improvements on the image quality. Especially in highly scattering samples, at specular reflections and for strong signals at large depth, the noise in optical coherence tomography images is significantly reduced. We also describe a simple model that suggests a passive physical stabilizing mechanism that leads to an automatic compensation of remaining cavity dispersion in FDML lasers.},
}

@article{Sudkamp2018a,
   author = {Sudkamp, H; Hillmann, D; Koch, P;vom Endt, M; Spahr, H; Münst, M; Pfäffle, C; Birngruber, R and Hüttmann, G},
   title = {Simple approach for aberration-corrected OCT imaging of the human retina},
   journal = {Opt Lett},
   
   pages = {4224},
   ISSN = {0146-9592
1539-4794},
   DOI = {10.1364/ol.43.004224},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article},
   keyword = {Retome}
}

@article{Schmidt:20,
author = {Mark Schmidt and Tom Pfeiffer and Christin Grill and Robert Huber and Christian Jirauschek},
journal = {OSA Continuum},
keywords = {Doppler effect; Laser modes; Laser sources; Nonlinear effects; Stimulated Raman scattering; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers},
number = {6},
pages = {1589--1607},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Self-stabilization mechanism in ultra-stable Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers},
volume = {3},
month = {Jun},
year = {2020},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/osac/abstract.cfm?URI=osac-3-6-1589},
doi = {10.1364/OSAC.389972},
abstract = {Understanding the dynamics of Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers is crucial for determining physical coherence limits, and for finding new superior methods for experimental realization. In addition, the rich interplay of linear and nonlinear effects in a laser ring system is of great theoretical interest. Here we investigate the dynamics of a highly dispersion-compensated setup, where over a bandwidth of more than 100\&\#x2009;nm, a highly coherent output with nearly shot-noise-limited intensity fluctuations was experimentally demonstrated. This output is called the sweet-spot. We show by numerical simulation that a finite amount of residual dispersion in the fiber delay cavity of FDML lasers can be compensated by the group delay dispersion in the swept bandpass filter, such that the intensity trace exhibits no dips or high-frequency distortions, which are the main source of noise in the laser. In the same way, a small detuning from the ideal sweep filter frequency can be tolerated. Furthermore, we find that the filter\&\#x2019;s group delay dispersion improves the coherence properties of the laser, and acts as a self-stabilizing element in the cavity. Our theoretical model is validated against experimental data, showing that all relevant physical effects for the sweet-spot operating regime are included.},
}

@inproceedings{Cecchetti2019,
   author = {Cecchetti, Leonardo;Wang, Tianshi;Pfeiffer, Tom;Wieser, Wolfgang;van der Steen, Antonius FW;Huber, Robert;van Soest, Gijs and Huber, Robert Alexander},
   title = {Heartbeat optical coherence tomography enables accurate in vivo stents imaging: a quantitative image processing study (Conference Presentation)},
   booktitle = {Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Light in Cardiology 2019},
   publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
   volume = {10855},
   pages = {1085506},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

   @book{Brinkmann2018/2,
   author = {Herzog, C;Thompson, O; Schmarbeck, B; Siebert, M and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Temperature-controlled laser therapy of the retina via robust adaptive Ɦ∞-control},
   publisher = {De Gruyter},
   
   journal = {at-Automatisierungstechnik},
   pages = {1051-1063},   
   year = {2018},
   type = {Book},
  URL = {https://doi.org/10.1515/auto-2018-0066},
   
  
keywords = {Laser therapy; robust control; parameter estimation; photoacoustics; real-time temperature determination},
   abstract = {Recent studies demonstrate therapeutic benefits in retinal laser therapy even for non-visible effects of the irradiation. However, in practice, ophthalmologists often rely on the visual inspection of irradiation sites to manually set the laser power for subsequent ones. Since absorption properties vary strongly between sites, this procedure can lead to under- or over-treatment. To achieve safe automatic retinal laser therapy, this article proposes a robust control scheme based on photoacoustic feedback of the retinal temperature increase. The control scheme is further extended to adapt to real-time parameter estimates and associated bounds on the uncertainty of each irradiation site. Both approaches are successfully validated in ex vivo experiments on pigs’ eyes, achieving consistent irradiation durations of 55 ms despite the uncertainty in absorption properties.}
}

@article{Kolb:18,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Tom Pfeiffer and Matthias Eibl and Hubertus Hakert and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Medical optics instrumentation; Lasers, fiber; Medical and biological imaging; Ophthalmic optics and devices ; Optical coherence tomography; Adaptive optics; Image quality; In vivo imaging; Mode locking; Ophthalmic imaging; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {1},
pages = {120--130},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {High-resolution retinal swept source optical coherence tomography with an ultra-wideband Fourier-domain mode-locked laser at MHz A-scan rates},
volume = {9},
month = {Jan},
year = {2018},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-9-1-120},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.9.000120},
abstract = {We present a new 1060 nm Fourier domain mode locked laser (FDML laser) with a record 143 nm sweep bandwidth at 2\&\#x2219;\&\#x202F;417 kHz\&\#x202F; $=$ \&\#x202F;834 kHz and 120 nm at 1.67 MHz, respectively. We show that not only the bandwidth alone, but also the shape of the spectrum is critical for the resulting axial resolution, because of the specific wavelength-dependent absorption of the vitreous. The theoretical limit of our setup lies at 5.9 \&\#x00B5;m axial resolution. In vivo MHz-OCT imaging of human retina is performed and the image quality is compared to the previous results acquired with 70 nm sweep range, as well as to existing spectral domain OCT data with 2.1 \&\#x00B5;m axial resolution from literature. We identify benefits of the higher resolution, for example the improved visualization of small blood vessels in the retina besides several others.},
}

@inproceedings{Vogel2018,
   author = {Uzunbajakava, N E; Varghese, B; Botchkareva, N V; Verhagen, R and Vogel, A},
   title = {Highlighting the nuances behind interaction of picosecond pulses with human skin: Relating distinct laser-tissue interactions to their potential in cutaneous interventions},
   booktitle = {Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE},
   volume = {10492} ,
   DOI = {10.1117/12.2307804},
   year = {2018},
date = {2018-20-02},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2018}
}

@article{Brinkmann2018,
   author = {Han, J W; Choi, J; Kim, Y S, Kim, J; Brinkmann, R; Lyu, J and Park, T K},
   title = {Comparison of the neuroinflammatory responses to selective retina therapy and continuous-wave laser photocoagulation in mouse eyes},
   journal = {Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
   
   pages = {341-353},
 
URL= {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-017-3883-7},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Smits2018,
title = {Development and Experimental Validation of a Combined FBG Force and OCT Distance Sensing Needle for Robot-Assisted Retinal Vein Cannulation},
author = {Smits, J; Ourak, M; Gijbels, A;  Esteveny, L; Borghesan, G; Schoevaerdts, L; Willekens; Stalmans, P; Lankenau, E; Schulz-Hildebrandt, H; H\"{u}ttmann, G; Reynaerts, D and  Vander Poorten, E.B},

doi = {10.1109/ICRA.2018.8460983},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-20},
journal = {2018 IEEE Intern Conf Robot a Automation (ICRA)},
pages = {129-134},
abstract = {Retinal Vein Occlusion is a common retinal vascular disorder which can cause severe loss of vision. Retinal vein cannulation followed by injection of an anti-coagulant into the affected vein is a promising treatment. However, given the scale and fragility of the surgical workfield, this procedure is considered too high-risk to perform manually. A first successful robot-assisted procedure has been demonstrated. Even though successful, the procedure remains extremely challenging. This paper aims at providing a solution for the limited perception of instrument-tissue interaction forces as well as depth estimation during retinal vein cannulation. The development of a novel combined force and distance sensing cannulation needle relying on Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) A-scan technology is reported. The design, the manufacturing process, the calibration method, and the experimental characterization of the produced sensor are discussed. 
The functionality of the combined sensing modalities and the real-time distance estimation algorithm are validated respectively on in-vitro and ex-vivo models.},
keywords = {Endoskope},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}

@inproceedings{Schulz-Hildebrandt2018a,
title = {Coherence and diffraction limited resolution in microscopic OCT by a unified approach for the correction of dispersion and aberrations},
author = {Schulz-Hildebrandt,H; M\"{u}nter, M; Ahrens,M; Spahr, H; Hillmann, D; K\"{o}nig, P and  H\"{u}ttmann, G},
doi = {10.1117/12.2303755},
isbn = {9781510616745},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-05},
booktitle = {2nd Canterbury Conference on OCT with Emphasis on Broadband Optical Sources},
volume = {10591},
pages = {105910O},
abstract = {Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images scattering tissues with 5 to 15 μm resolution. This is usually not sufficient for a distinction of cellular and subcellular structures. Increasing axial and lateral resolution and compensation of artifacts caused by dispersion and aberrations is required to achieve cellular and subcellular resolution. This includes defocus which limit the usable depth of field at high lateral resolution. OCT gives access the phase of the scattered light and hence correction of dispersion and aberrations is possible by numerical algorithms. Here we present a unified dispersion/aberration correction which is based on a polynomial parameterization of the phase error and an optimization of the image quality using Shannon’s entropy. For validation, a supercontinuum light sources and a costume-made spectrometer with 400 nm bandwidth were combined with a high NA microscope objective in a setup for tissue and small animal imaging. Using this setup and computation corrections, volumetric imaging at 1.5 μm resolution is possible. Cellular and near cellular resolution is demonstrated in porcine cornea and the drosophila larva, when computational correction of dispersion and aberrations is used. Due to the excellent correction of the used microscope objective, defocus was the main contribution to the aberrations. In addition, higher aberrations caused by the sample itself were successfully corrected. Dispersion and aberrations are closely related artifacts in microscopic OCT imaging. Hence they can be corrected in the same way by optimization of the image quality. This way microscopic resolution is easily achieved in OCT imaging of static biological tissues.},
keywords = {OCM},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}

@inbook{Miura2018,
   author = {Miura, Y},
   title = {Two-Photon Microscopy (TPM) and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) of Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) of Mice In Vivo},
   booktitle = {Mouse Retinal Phenotyping: Methods and Protocols},
   editor = {Tanimoto, Naoyuki},
   publisher = {Springer New York},
  
   pages = {73-88},
   ISBN = {978-1-4939-7720-8},
   url={https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7720-8_5},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Book Section}
}

@inproceedings{Wang2019-1,
   author = {Wang, Tianshi;Pfeiffer, Tom;Wieser, Wolfgang;van Beusekom, Heleen;Draxinger, Wolfgang;van der Steen, Antonius FW;Huber, Robert and van Soest, Gijs},
   title = {Thermo-elastic optical coherence tomography},
   booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXIII},
   publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
   volume = {10867},
   pages = {108672C},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@article{Tode2018,
   author = {Tode, J; Richert, E; Koinzer, S; Klettner, A; von der Burchard, C; Brinkmann, R; Lucius, R and Roider, J},
   title = {Thermal Stimulation of the Retina Reduces Bruch's Membrane Thickness in Age Related Macular Degeneration Mouse Models},
   journal = {Transl Vis Sci Technol},
  
   pages = {2},
   ISSN = {2164-2591 (Print)
2164-2591 (Linking)}, 
   url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29736323},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Strauch2018,
   author = {Strauch, M;Somers, P A. A. M.;Bociort, F and Urbach, H. P},
   title = {Creation of aspheric interfaces on an electrowetting liquid lens using surface oscillations},
   journal = {AIP Advances},
   
   ISSN = {2158-3226},
   DOI = {10.1063/1.5063994},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Rahmanzadeh2018,
   author = {Rudnitzki, F; Feineis, S; Rahmanzadeh, R; Endl, E; Lutz, J; Groll, J and Huettmann, G},
   title = {siRNA release from gold nanoparticles by nanosecond pulsed
laser irradiation and analysis of the involved temperature
increase},
   journal = {Journal of BIOPHOTONICS},
  doi = {10.1002/jbio.201700329},
   

keywords = {cavitation|cell manipulation|controlled release|gold nanoparticle bio-conjugates|laser nanoeffects},
abstract = {Nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation can trigger a release of nucleic acids from gold nanoparticles, but the involved nanoeffects are not fully understood yet. Here we investigate the release of coumarin labeled siRNA from 15 to 30 nm gold particles after nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation. Temperatures in the particle and near the surface were calculated for the different radiant exposures. Upon irradiation with laser pulses of 4 nanosecond duration release started for both particle sizes at a calculated temperature increase of approximately 500 K. Maximum coumarin release was observed for 15 nm particles after irradiation with radiant exposure of 80 mJ cm−2 and with 32 mJ cm−2 for 30 nm particles. This corresponds to a temperature increase of 815 and 900 K, respectively. Our results show that the molecular release by nanosecond pulsed irradiation is based on a different mechanism compared to continuous or femtosecond irradiation. Local temperatures are considerably higher and it is expected that bubble formation plays a crucial role in release and damage to cellular structures. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Evers2018,
   author = {Evers, M ;Salma, N; Osseiran, S; Casper, M; Birngruber, R; Evans, C L and Manstein, D},
   title = {Enhanced quantification of metabolic activity for individual adipocytes by label-free FLIM},
   journal = {Scientific Reports},
   
   DOI = {10.1038/s41598-018-27093-x},
   
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Brinkmann2018,
   author = {Richert, E; Koinzer, S; Tode, J; Schlott, K; Brinkmann, R; Hillenkamp, J; Klettner, A and Roider, J},
   title = {Release of Different Cell Mediators During Retinal Pigment Epithelium Regeneration Following Selective Retina Therapy},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   
   pages = {1323-1331},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
  
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.17-23163},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@conference{Casper2018,
title = {Optimized segmentation and characterization of capillary networks using OCT (Conference Presentation)},
author = {Casper, M; Schulz-Hildebrandt, H; Evers, M; Birngruber, R; Manstein, D and H\"{u}ttmann, G },
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292005},
doi = {10.1117/12.2292005},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-14},
booktitle = {Proc. SPIE 10467, Photonics in Dermatology and Plastic Surgery 2018},
journal = {Proc.SPIE},

abstract = {The ability to image the physiology of microvasculature with high spatial resolution in three dimensions while investigating structural changes of skin, is essential for understanding the complex processes of skin aging, wound healing and disease development. Further, the quantitative, automatic assessment of these changes enables to analyze large amounts of image data in an abstract but comprehensive manner. 
However, previous work using OCT with methods of angiography was imaging less scattering, hence more challenging tissue than skin, such as brain and retina tissue. The published methods for capillary segmentation were mostly non-automatic, poorly benchmarked against state-of-the-art methods of computer vision and not applied to investigate medical processes and studies in a comprehensive fashion. 
Here, segmentation of capillaries in skin is reported and its efficacy is demonstrated in both, a 
longitudinal mouse study and a preliminary study in humans. By combining state-of-the-art image 
processing methods in an optimized way, we were able to improve the segmentation results and analyze the impact of each post-processing step. 
Furthermore, this automatic segmentation enabled us to analyze big amounts of 
datasets automatically and derive meaningful conclusions for the planning of clinical studies. 
With this work, optical coherence tomography is combined with methods of computer vision to a diagnostic 
tool with unique capabilities to characterize vascular diversity and provide extraordinary 
opportunities for dermatological investigation in both, clinics and research.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@article{schulz2018novel,
title = {Novel endoscope with increased depth of field for imaging human nasal tissue by microscopic optical coherence tomography},
author = {Schulz-Hildebrandt, H; Pieper, M; Stehmar,C; Ahrens, M; Idel, C; Wollenberg,B; K\"{o}nig,P and Gereon H\"{u}ttmann},
editor = {Optic Socie Amer},
url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-9-2-636
https://www.osapublishing.org/boe/viewmedia.cfm?uri=boe-9-2-636&seq=0},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.9.000636},
isbn = {10.1364/BOE.9.000636},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-16},
journal = {Biomedical Optics Express},

pages = {636-647},
abstract = {Intravital microscopy (IVM) offers the opportunity to visualize static and dynamic changes of tissue on a cellular level. It is a valuable tool in research and may considerably improve clinical diagnosis. In contrast to confocal and non-linear microscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT) with microscopic resolution (mOCT) provides intrinsically cross-sectional imaging. Changing focus position is not needed, which simplifies especially endoscopic imaging. For in-vivo imaging, here we are presenting endo-microscopic OCT (emOCT). A graded-index-lens (GRIN) based 2.75 mm outer diameter rigid endoscope is providing 1.5 \textendash 2 μm nearly isotropic resolution over an extended field of depth. Spherical and chromatic aberrations are used to elongate the focus length. Simulation of the OCT image formation, suggests overall a better image quality in this range compared to a focused Gaussian beam. Total imaging depth at a reduced sensitivity and lateral resolution is more than 200 μm. Using a frame rate of 80 Hz cross-sectional images of concha nasalis were demonstrated in humans, which could resolve cilial motion, cellular structures of the epithelium, vessels and blood cells. Mucus transport velocity was determined successfully. The endoscope may be used for diagnosis and treatment control of different lung diseases like cystic fibrosis or primary ciliary dyskinesia, which manifest already at the nasal mucosa.},
keywords = {Endoskope, OCM},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@inproceedings{Wang2019-3,
   author = {Wang, Tianshi;Pfeiffer, Tom;Daemen, Joost;Mastik, Frits;Wieser, Wolfgang;van der Steen, AFW;Huber, Robert and van Soest, Gijs},
   title = {Megahertz intravascular Doppler optical coherence tomography enables simultaneous morphological and flow pattern imaging},
   booktitle = {Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Light in Cardiology 2019},
   publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
   volume = {10855},
   pages = {1085503},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@article{borghesan2018single,
title = {Single Scan OCT-based Retina Detection for Robot-assisted Retinal Vein Cannulation},
author = {Borghesan,G; Ourak,M; Lankenau, E; H\"{u}ttmann,G; Schulz-Hildebrandt,H; Willekens,K; Stalmans, K; Reynaerts, D and Vander Poorten,E},
editor = {World Scientific},
url = {https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S2424905X18400056},
doi = {10.1142/S2424905X18400056},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-02-12},
journal = {J Med Robot Res},

pages = {184005},
abstract = {Vitreoretinal surgery concerns a set of particularly demanding minimal invasive micro-surgical interventions at the retina. Micro-surgeons are targeting sub-millimeter-sized structures here. Tiny vessels or wafer-thin membranes are to be cannulated or need to be peeled off. The greatest care is to be displayed not to damage these fragile structures or to inadvertently injure the underlying retina. Damage to the latter is mostly irreparable and might cause permanent loss of vision. Despite the availability over excellent stereo microscopes, wide-angle lenses and powerful light source visualization remains a problem. Especially, the limited depth perception is still perceived as a major bottle-neck whereas efforts have been conducted to integrate sensing capability in today’s state-of-the-art instruments, so far, little effort has been paid to process the obtained sensor data and turns this into a reliable source of information upon which robot assistive guidance schemes could be endowed upon. This paper proposes a number of processing techniques tailored to Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) measurements. The first results of the proposed algorithms show that it is feasible to extract good and reliable distance estimates from this otherwise rather noisy signal and from a fairly limited dataset. The used data are the so-called A-scans. These are OCT measurements consisting of a single-line image that could be captured by an instrument-mounted fiber through which the OCT signal passes back-and-forth. However, in this work, we perform a pilot study whereby the employed A-scans are extracted from B-scans that are captured by a microscope-mounted OCT scanner, rather than obtained from a probe. The performance of a first embodiment of the algorithm that is based on an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is compared to the performance of a second embodiment that relies on a Particle Filter (PF), focusing on the issues in filter initialization and the tracking quality. Finally, results of UKF and PF executions on a validation dataset are presented. 
Read More: https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S2424905X18400056},
keywords = {Endoskope},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@inproceedings{Hakert2019,
   author = {Hakert, Hubertus;Eibl, Matthias;Karpf, Sebastian;Wollenberg, Barbara;Pries, Ralph and Huber, Robert},
   title = {Label-free imaging of tumorous tissue in the Raman fingerprint region with time-encoded (TICO) stimulated Raman scattering (Conference Presentation)},
   booktitle = {Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XIX},
   publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
   volume = {10882},
   pages = {108821R},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@article{Miura2018,
   author = {Kern, K; Mertineit, C L; Brinkmann, R and Miura, Y},
   title = {Expression of heat shock protein 70 and cell death kinetics after different thermal impacts on cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells},
   journal = {Exp Eye Res},
  
   pages = {117-126},
   ISSN = {1096-0007 (Electronic)
0014-4835 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.exer.2018.02.013},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Spahr:18,
author = { Spahr, H; Pfäffle, C; Koch,C; Sudkamp, H; Hüttmann, G und Hillmann, D},
journal = {Opt Expr},
keywords = {Funktion, Fullfield},

pages = {18803--18816},
publisher = {OSA},
title = {Interferometric detection of 3D motion using computational subapertures in optical coherence tomography},


year = {2018},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.018803},

abstract = {Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) quantifies axial motion with high precision, whereas lateral motion cannot be detected by a mere evaluation of phase changes. This problem was solved by the introduction of three-beam Doppler OCT, which, however, entails a high experimental effort. Here, we present the numerical analogue to this experimental approach. Phase-stable complex-valued OCT datasets, recorded with full-field swept-source OCT, are filtered in the Fourier domain to limit imaging to different computational subapertures. These are used to calculate all three components of the motion vector with interferometric precision. As known from conventional Doppler OCT for axial motion only, the achievable accuracy exceeds the actual imaging resolution by orders of magnitude in all three dimensions. The feasibility of this method is first demonstrated by quantifying micro-rotation of a scattering sample. Subsequently, a potential application is explored by recording the 3D motion vector field of tissue during laser photocoagulation in ex-vivo porcine retina.},
}

@article{Baade2017,
   author = {Baade, A; von der Burchard, C; Lawin, M; Koinzer, S; Schmarbeck, B; Schlott, K; Miura, Y; Roider, J; Birngruber, R and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Power-controlled temperature guided retinal laser therapy},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   
   pages = {1-11},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.jbo.22.11.118001},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Kretschmer2017,
   author = {Kretschmer, S; Pieper, M; Klinger, A; Hüttmann, G. and König, P.},
   title = {Imaging of Wound Closure of Small Epithelial Lesions in the Mouse Trachea},
   journal = {Am J Pathol},
   ISSN = {0002-9440},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.07.006},
 
   year = {2017},
pages = {2451-2460},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Eibl:17,
author = {Matthias Eibl and Sebastian Karpf and Hubertus Hakert and Torben Bl\"{o}mker and Jan Philip Kolb and Christian Jirauschek and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Lasers, fiber; Lasers, Raman; Nonlinear optics, four-wave mixing; Scattering, stimulated Raman; Lasers, ytterbium ; Fiber lasers; Master oscillator power amplifiers; Nanosecond pulses; Raman scattering; Stimulated Brillouin scattering; Wavelength conversion},
number = {21},
pages = {4406--4409},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Pulse-to-pulse wavelength switching of a nanosecond fiber laser by four-wave mixing seeded stimulated Raman amplification},
volume = {42},
month = {Nov},
year = {2017},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-42-21-4406},
doi = {10.1364/OL.42.004406},
abstract = {We report on a multi-color fiber laser based on four-wave mixing (FWM) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), delivering rapidly wavelength switchable narrowband output at 1064, 1122, and 1186\&\#x00A0;nm. High-power pulses from a nanosecond pulsed fiber master oscillator power amplifier at 1064\&\#x00A0;nm are combined with 1122\&\#x00A0;nm of seed light for Raman amplification at the first Stokes order in a standard single-mode fiber. With increasing power, we observe a narrowband spectral component at 1186\&\#x00A0;nm, without any additional seed or resonator at this wavelength. We analyze this occurrence of a narrowband second Stokes order both experimentally and theoretically and suggest it is a result of FWM seeding of the SRS amplification in the fiber. We demonstrate that the wavelength shifting can be controlled electronically within microseconds for very rapid and even pulse-to-pulse wavelength changes. This wavelength conversion method can extend the spectral coverage of single-wavelength fiber lasers for biomedical imaging.},
}

@article{Hillmann2017,
   author = {Hillmann, D; Spahr, H; Sudkamp, H; Hain, C; Hinkel, L; Franke, G and Hüttmann, G},
   title = {Off-axis reference beam for full-field swept-source OCT and holoscopy},
   journal = {Opt Expr},
   
   pages = {27770-27784},
   DOI = {10.1364/OE.25.027770},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Wang:17,
author = {Tianshi Wang and Tom Pfeiffer and Min Wu and Wolfgang Wieser and Gaetano Amenta and Wolfgang Draxinger and Antonius F. W. van der Steen and Robert Huber and Gijs van Soest},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Imaging systems; Medical and biological imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, pulsed ; Fourier domain mode locking; Functional imaging; Laser beams; Nanosecond pulses; Optical coherence tomography; Phantom studies},
number = {17},
pages = {3466--3469},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Thermo-elastic optical coherence tomography},
volume = {42},
month = {Sep},
year = {2017},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-42-17-3466},
doi = {10.1364/OL.42.003466},
abstract = {The absorption of nanosecond laser pulses induces rapid thermo-elastic deformation in tissue. A sub-micrometer scale displacement occurs within a few microseconds after the pulse arrival. In this Letter, we investigate the laser-induced thermo-elastic deformation using a 1.5 MHz phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. A displacement image can be reconstructed, which enables a new modality of phase-sensitive OCT, called thermo-elastic OCT. An analysis of the results shows that the optical absorption is a dominating factor for the displacement. Thermo-elastic OCT is capable of visualizing inclusions that do not appear on the structural OCT image, providing additional tissue type information.},
}

@article{Miura2017,
   author = { Ataka,S;Ogawa,S; Miura,Y; Kohno,T and Shiraki, K},
   title = {A Comparison of Intraoperative Metrics between the Infiniti with and the Centurion without Intelligent Phacoemulsification Systems},
   journal = {Journal of Eye & Cataract Surgery},
   volume = {3},
   ISSN = {2571-8300},
Abstract = {Purpose: To compare the efficiency and safety of two
phacoemulsification systems, the Infiniti with intelligent
phacoemulsification (IP) and the Centurion without IP, in
terms of intraoperative metrics of phacoemulsification and
the occurrences of adverse events and intraoperative tip
obstruction.
Design: Comparative case series.
Methods: A consecutive series of 340 eyes (151 eyes with
the Infiniti, 189 eyes with the Centurion) was evaluated. A
2.4 mm sclerocorneal incision was used with the Infiniti, and
a 2.0 mm incision was used with the Centurion.
Phacoemulsification of the nucleus was performed using
the phaco chop technique, with the IP function of the
Infiniti turned on and the IP mode of the Centurion turned
off. From among the parameters displayed on the panels of
both devices, ultrasound (US) time, cumulative dissipated
energy (CDE), aspiration time, and estimated balanced salt
solution (BSS) aspiration volume were investigated and
compared between the devices. Results: A comparison of all
subjects found significant differences between the two
devices in mean CDE (p=0.02) and mean aspiration time
(p=0.003), but not in mean US time (p=0.43) or mean
estimated BSS aspiration volume (p=0.07). For grade 3
nuclei, all parameters of mean US time (p=0.0044), mean
CDE (p ≤ 0.001), mean aspiration time (p<0.001), and mean
estimated BSS aspiration volume (p=0.001) showed
significant differences favoring the Centurion.
Conclusions: Compared to the Infiniti with IP mode, cataract
surgery with the Centurion without IP mode is likely to be
performed with less phacoemulsification energy and higher
efficiency.},
   DOI = {10.21767/2471-8300.100034},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2286854,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Julian Klee and Tom Pfeiffer and Robert Huber},
title = {{1060nm FDML laser with centimeter coherence length and 1.67 MHz sweep rate for full eye length and retinal ultra-widefield OCT}},
volume = {10416},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media II},
editor = {Maciej Wojtkowski and Stephen A. Boppart and Wang-Yuhl Oh},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {104160J},
abstract = {We present a new design of a 1060nm Fourier Domain Mode Locked-Laser (FDML-Laser) that combines 1.67 MHz A-scan rate with a centimeter scale coherence length. The extended coherence length is achieved by synchronizing the cavity roundtrip time over the 75 nm sweep with a relative accuracy of 10<sup>-7</sup>. We will show that this requires careful combination of multiple fiber types in the cavity with a gradient heated chirped Fiber Bragg grating.},
keywords = {optical coherence tomograhy, OCT, tunable laser, Fourier domain mode locking, FDML, MHz OCT},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1117/12.2286854},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2286854}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2287484,
author = {Tom Pfeiffer and Wolfgang Draxinger and Christin Grill and Robert Huber},
title = {{Long-range live 3D-OCT at different spectral zoom levels}},
volume = {10416},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media II},
editor = {Maciej Wojtkowski and Stephen A. Boppart and Wang-Yuhl Oh},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {104160L},
abstract = {We demonstrate that the 3.2 MHz a-scan rate and the improved coherence of our new low noise FDML laser enables live 3D-OCT with different spectral zooms and up to 10 cm of imaging range.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, Fourier Domain Mode Locking, FDML, OCT},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1117/12.2287484},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2287484}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2286035,
author = {Matthias Eibl and Sebastian Karpf and Hubertus Hakert and Daniel Weng and Tom Pfeiffer and Jan Philip Kolb and Robert Huber},
title = {{Single pulse two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (SP-FLIM) with MHz pixel rate and an all fiber based setup }},
volume = {10414},
booktitle = {Advances in Microscopic Imaging},
editor = {Emmanuel Beaurepaire and Francesco Saverio Pavone and Peter T. C. So},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {1041403},
abstract = {Newly developed microscopy methods have the goal to give researches in bio-molecular science a better understanding of processes ongoing on a cellular level. Especially two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy is a readily applied and widespread modality. Compared to one photon fluorescence imaging, it is possible to image not only the surface but also deeper lying structures. Together with fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), which provides information on the chemical composition of a specimen, deeper insights on a molecular level can be gained. However, the need for elaborate light sources for TPEF and speed limitations for FLIM hinder an even wider application. In this contribution, we present a way to overcome this limitations by combining a robust and inexpensive fiber laser for nonlinear excitation with a fast analog digitization method for rapid FLIM imaging. The applied sub nanosecond pulsed laser source is perfectly suited for fiber delivery as typically limiting non-linear effects like self-phase or cross-phase modulation (SPM, XPM) are negligible. Furthermore, compared to the typically applied femtosecond pulses, our longer pulses produce much more fluorescence photons per single shot. In this paper, we show that this higher number of fluorescence photons per pulse combined with a high analog bandwidth detection makes it possible to not only use a single pulse per pixel for TPEF imaging but also to resolve the exponential time decay for FLIM. To evaluate our system, we acquired FLIM images of a dye solution with single exponential behavior to assess the accuracy of our lifetime determination and also FLIM images of a plant stem at a pixel rate of 1 MHz to show the speed performance of our single pulse two-photon FLIM (SP-FLIM) system.},
keywords = {Nonlinear microscopy, Fluorescence microscopy, Fiber optics imaging, Lifetime-based sensing, Lasers, fiber, Nonlinear optics, fibers},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1117/12.2286035},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2286035}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2287947,
author = {Hubertus Hakert and Matthias Eibl and Sebastian Karpf and Robert Huber},
title = {{Sparse-sampling with time-encoded (TICO) stimulated Raman scattering for fast image acquisition}},
volume = {10414},
booktitle = {Advances in Microscopic Imaging},
editor = {Emmanuel Beaurepaire and Francesco Saverio Pavone and Peter T. C. So},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {1041408},
abstract = {Modern biomedical imaging modalities aim to provide researchers a multimodal contrast for a deeper insight into a
specimen under investigation. A very promising technique is stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which can
unveil the chemical composition of a sample with a very high specificity. Although the signal intensities are enhanced
manifold to achieve a faster acquisition of images if compared to standard Raman microscopy, there is a trade-off between
specificity and acquisition speed. Commonly used SRS concepts either probe only very few Raman transitions as the
tuning of the applied laser sources is complicated or record whole spectra with a spectrometer based setup. While the first
approach is fast, it reduces the specificity and the spectrometer approach records whole spectra -with energy differences
where no Raman information is present-, which limits the acquisition speed. Therefore, we present a new approach based
on the TICO-Raman concept, which we call sparse-sampling. The TICO-sparse-sampling setup is fully electronically
controllable and allows probing of only the characteristic peaks of a Raman spectrum instead of always acquiring a whole
spectrum. By reducing the spectral points to the relevant peaks, the acquisition time can be greatly reduced compared to a
uniformly, equidistantly sampled Raman spectrum while the specificity and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) are maintained.
Furthermore, all laser sources are completely fiber based. The synchronized detection enables a full resolution of the
Raman signal, whereas the analogue and digital balancing allows shot noise limited detection. First imaging results with
polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads confirm the advantages of TICO sparse-sampling. We
achieved a pixel dwell time as low as 35 μs for an image differentiating both species. The mechanical properties of the
applied voice coil stage for scanning the sample currently limits even faster acquisition.},
keywords = {nonlinear microscopy, fiber optics imaging, stimulated raman scattering microscopy, time encoded, sparse sampling, Raman spectroscopy , Fourier Domain Mode Locked Laser, FDML, Lasers, fiber},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1117/12.2287947},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2287947}
}

@article{Maertz2017,
   author = {Maertz, J. and Mohler, K. J. and Kolb, J. P. and Klein, T. and Neubauer, A. and Kampik, A. and Priglinger, S. and Wieser, W. and Huber, R. and Wolf, A.},
   title = {INTRAPAPILLARY PROLIFERATION IN OPTIC DISK PITS: Clinical Findings and Time-Related Changes},
   journal = {Retina},
   volume = {37},
   number = {5},
   pages = {906-914},
   DOI = {10.1097/iae.0000000000001260},
   year = {2017},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Karpf2017,
   author = {Karpf, Sebastian and Eibl, Matthias and Wieser, Wolfgang and Klein, Thomas and Huber, Robert},
   title = {Shot-Noise Limited Time-Encoded Raman Spectroscopy},
   journal = {Journal of Spectroscopy},
   volume = {2017},
   pages = {1-6},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9253475},
   year = {2017},
keywords = {AG-Huber_NL},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2251965,
author = {Matthias Eibl and Sebastian Karpf and Hubertus Hakert and Daniel Weng and Torben Bl{\"o}mker and Robert Huber},
title = {{Pulse-to-pulse wavelength switching of diode based fiber laser for multi-color multi-photon imaging}},
volume = {10083},
booktitle = {Fiber Lasers XIV: Technology and Systems},
editor = {Craig A. Robin and Ingmar Hartl},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {100831C},
abstract = {We present an entirely fiber based laser source for non-linear imaging with a novel approach for multi-color excitation. The high power output of an actively modulated and amplified picosecond fiber laser at 1064 nm is shifted to longer wavelengths by a combination of four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman scattering. By combining different fiber types and lengths, we control the non-linear wavelength conversion in the delivery fiber itself and can switch between 1064 nm, 1122 nm, and 1186 nm on-the-fly by tuning the pump power of the fiber amplifier and modulate the seed diodes. This is a promising way to enhance the applicability of short pulsed laser diodes for bio-molecular non-linear imaging by reducing the spectral limitations of such sources. In comparison to our previous work [1, 2], we show for the first time two-photon imaging with the shifted wavelengths and we demonstrate pulse-to-pulse switching between the different wavelengths without changing the configuration.},
keywords = {stimulated raman scattering, two-photon imaging, fiber amplifier, four-wave-mixing, wavelength conversion, non-linear imaging},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1117/12.2251965},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2251965}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2255090,
author = {Max-Heinrich Laves and Andreas Schoob and L{\"u}der A. Kahrs and Tom Pfeiffer and Robert Huber and Tobias Ortmaier},
title = {{Feature tracking for automated volume of interest stabilization on 4D-OCT images}},
volume = {10135},
booktitle = {Medical Imaging 2017: Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling},
editor = {Robert J. Webster III and Baowei Fei},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {101350W},
abstract = {A common representation of volumetric medical image data is the triplanar view (TV), in which the surgeon manually selects slices showing the anatomical structure of interest. In addition to common medical imaging such as MRI or computed tomography, recent advances in the field of optical coherence tomography (OCT) have enabled live processing and volumetric rendering of four-dimensional images of the human body. Due to the region of interest undergoing motion, it is challenging for the surgeon to simultaneously keep track of an object by continuously adjusting the TV to desired slices. To select these slices in subsequent frames automatically, it is necessary to track movements of the volume of interest (VOI). This has not been addressed with respect to 4DOCT images yet. Therefore, this paper evaluates motion tracking by applying state-of-the-art tracking schemes on maximum intensity projections (MIP) of 4D-OCT images. Estimated VOI location is used to conveniently show corresponding slices and to improve the MIPs by calculating thin-slab MIPs. Tracking performances are evaluated on an in-vivo sequence of human skin, captured at 26 volumes per second. Among investigated tracking schemes, our recently presented tracking scheme for soft tissue motion provides highest accuracy with an error of under 2.2 voxels for the first 80 volumes. Object tracking on 4D-OCT images enables its use for sub-epithelial tracking of microvessels for image-guidance.},
keywords = {4D imaging, maximum intensity projection, optical coherence tomography, feature tracking},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1117/12.2255090},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255090}
}

@article{Pfäffle2017,
   author = {Pfäffle, Clara and Spahr, Hendrik and Hillmann, Dierck and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Koch, Peter and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Reduction of frame rate in full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography by numerical motion correction [Invited]},
   journal = {Biomedical Optics Express},
   volume = {8},
   number = {3},
   pages = {1499-1511},
   keywords = {Image reconstruction-restoration
Optical coherence tomography},
   url = {http://www.osapublishing.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-8-3-1499},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2250831,
author = {Matthias Eibl and Sebastian Karpf and Hubertus Hakert and Daniel Weng and Robert Huber},
title = {{Two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPEF) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) with sub-nanosecond pulses and a high analog bandwidth signal detection}},
volume = {10069},
booktitle = {Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XVII},
editor = {Ammasi Periasamy and Peter T. C. So and Karsten K{\"o}nig and Xiaoliang S. Xie},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {100691F},
abstract = {Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) are powerful imaging techniques in bio-molecular science. The need for elaborate light sources for TPEF and speed limitations for FLIM, however, hinder an even wider application. We present a way to overcome this limitations by combining a robust and inexpensive fiber laser for nonlinear excitation with a fast analog digitization method for rapid FLIM imaging. The applied sub nanosecond pulsed laser source is synchronized to a high analog bandwidth signal detection for single shot TPEF- and single shot FLIM imaging. The actively modulated pulses at 1064nm from the fiber laser are adjustable from 50ps to 5ns with kW of peak power. At a typically applied pulse lengths and repetition rates, the duty cycle is comparable to typically used femtosecond pulses and thus the peak power is also comparable at same cw-power. Hence, both types of excitation should yield the same number of fluorescence photons per time on average when used for TPEF imaging. However, in the 100ps configuration, a thousand times more fluorescence photons are generated per pulse. In this paper, we now show that the higher number of fluorescence photons per pulse combined with a high analog bandwidth detection makes it possible to not only use a single pulse per pixel for TPEF imaging but also to resolve the exponential time decay for FLIM. To evaluate the performance of our system, we acquired FLIM images of a Convallaria sample with pixel rates of 1 MHz where the lifetime information is directly measured with a fast real time digitizer. With the presented results, we show that longer pulses in the many-10ps to nanosecond regime can be readily applied for TPEF imaging and enable new imaging modalities like single pulse FLIM.},
keywords = {FLIM, TPEF, fiber laser, endoscope, MOPA, Nonlinear microscopy, Fluorescence microscopy, Lifetime-based sensing},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1117/12.2250831},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2250831}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2251502,
author = {Tianshi Wang and Tom Pfeiffer and Min Wu and Wolfgang Wieser and Wolfgang Draxinger and Antonius F. W. van der Steen and Robert Huber and Gijs van Soest},
title = {{Short pulse laser induced thermo-elastic deformation imaging}},
volume = {10062},
booktitle = {Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXVIII},
editor = {E. Duco Jansen and Hope Thomas Beier},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {100620C},
abstract = {Absorption of nanosecond laser pulses induces rapid thermo-elastic deformation in tissue, i.e. a sub-micrometer scale displacement happens within a couple of microseconds. In this study, we initially investigate the depth-resolved deformation using a 1.5 MHz phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. Functional images can be reconstructed based on the detected deformation, which enables a new imaging modality called thermo-elastic deformation imaging (TDI). Our results show that the associated displacement is related to the optical absorption of the short laser pulses. The TDI images can provide tissue type information in addition to the conventional OCT images.},
keywords = {thermal-elastic deformation, optical coherence tomography},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1117/12.2251502},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2251502}
}

@article{Klein:17,
author = {Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Imaging systems; Optical coherence tomography; Lasers and laser optics; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Full field optical coherence tomography; High speed imaging; Image quality; Imaging systems; Light wavelength; X ray imaging},
number = {2},
pages = {828--859},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {High-speed OCT light sources and systems \[Invited\]},
volume = {8},
month = {Feb},
year = {2017},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-8-2-828},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.8.000828},
abstract = {Imaging speed is one of the most important parameters that define the performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems. During the last two decades, OCT speed has increased by over three orders of magnitude. New developments in wavelength-swept lasers have repeatedly been crucial for this development. In this review, we discuss the historical evolution and current state of the art of high-speed OCT systems, with focus on wavelength swept light sources and swept source OCT systems.},
}

@article{Lange2017,
   author = {Lange, Birgit and Jocham, Dieter and Brinkmann, Ralf and Cordes, Jens},
   title = {Stone/tissue differentiation for Holmium laser lithotripsy using autofluorescence: Clinical proof of concept study},
   journal = {Lasers in Surgery and Medicine},
   volume = {49},
   number = {4},
   pages = {361-365},
   ISSN = {1096-9101},
   DOI = {10.1002/lsm.22611},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Strauch2017,
   author = {Strauch, M;Shao, Y;Bociort, F and Urbach, H. P},
   title = {Study of surface modes on a vibrating electrowetting liquid lens},
journal = {Applied physics Letters},

  
   pages = {171106},
   DOI = {10.1063/1.4999562},
keywords = {lenses,surface waves(fluid),vibrations,wetting},
abstract = {The increased usage of liquid lenses motivates us to investigate surface waves on the liquid's surface. During fast focal switching, the surface waves decrease the imaging quality. We propose a model that describes the surface modes appearing on a liquid lens and predicts the resonance frequencies. The effects of those surface modes on a laser beam are simulated using Fresnel propagation, and the model is verified experimentally.
We acknowledge the use of an educational licence of CODE V and LightTools. This work was funded through the Spectr@phone project (IPD 12017) of the IOP Photonic Devices program of RVO.},

   url = {https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.4999562},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Bliedtner2017,
   author = {Bliedtner, K; Seifert, E; Brinkmann, R and  Amelink A},
   title = {Real Time Speckle Monitoring to Control Retinal Photocoagulation},
   booktitle = {Proc. SPIE},
   
   pages = {1041308-1-7},
  
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2287815},
Year = { 2017}
}

@book{Strauch2017-3,
   author = {Strauch, M;Konijnenberg, S;Shao, Y and Urbach, H P},
   title = {Wavefront shaping with an electrowetting liquid lens using surface harmonics (Conference Presentation)},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {10073},
   series = {SPIE BiOS},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2252854},
   year = { 2017 },
   type = {Book}
}

@article{Eibl:17,
author = {Matthias Eibl and Sebastian Karpf and Daniel Weng and Hubertus Hakert and Tom Pfeiffer and Jan Philip Kolb and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Fiber optics imaging; Nonlinear optics, fibers; Lasers, fiber; Lifetime-based sensing; Fluorescence microscopy; Nonlinear microscopy; Fourier domain mode locking; Image quality; Imaging techniques; Laser sources; Pulsed fiber lasers; Three dimensional sensing},
number = {7},
pages = {3132--3142},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Single pulse two photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (SP-FLIM) with MHz pixel rate},
volume = {8},
month = {Jul},
year = {2017},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-8-7-3132},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.8.003132},
abstract = {Two-photon-excited fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a chemically specific 3-D sensing modality providing valuable information about the microstructure, composition and function of a sample. However, a more widespread application of this technique is hindered by the need for a sophisticated ultra-short pulse laser source and by speed limitations of current FLIM detection systems. To overcome these limitations, we combined a robust sub-nanosecond fiber laser as the excitation source with high analog bandwidth detection. Due to the long pulse length in our configuration, more fluorescence photons are generated per pulse, which allows us to derive the lifetime with a single excitation pulse only. In this paper, we show high quality FLIM images acquired at a pixel rate of 1 MHz. This approach is a promising candidate for an easy-to-use and benchtop FLIM system to make this technique available to a wider research community.},
}

@article{Buj2017,
   author = {Buj, C; Münter, M; Schmarbeck, B; Horstmann, J; Hüttmann, G and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Noncontact holographic detection for photoacoustic tomography},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   
   pages = {1-14},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.jbo.22.10.106007},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Brinkmann2017,
   author = {Tode, J;Richert, E;von der Burchard, C;Koinzer, S;Klettner, A;Brinkmann, R and Roider, J},
   title = {Schonende retinale Lasertherapien als Behandlungsoption der trockenen AMD },
   journal = {Spitzenforschung in der Ophthalmologie},
   pages = {170-173},
   ISSN = {1861-4620},
   url = {https://www.dog.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/DOG_Sonderband_WEB-min.pdf#page=1&zoom=auto,-57,877},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inbook{Kepp2017,
   author = {Kepp, Timo and Koinzer, Stefan and Handels, Heinz and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Registrierung von nicht sichtbaren Laserbehandlungsarealen der Retina in Live-Aufnahmen des Fundus},
   booktitle = {Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2017: Algorithmen - Systeme - Anwendungen. Proceedings des Workshops vom 12. bis 14. März 2017 in Heidelberg},
   editor = {Maier-Hein, geb Fritzsche Klaus Hermann and Deserno, geb Lehmann Thomas Martin and Handels, Heinz and Tolxdorff, Thomas},
   publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
   address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
   pages = {331-336},
   ISBN = {978-3-662-54345-0},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54345-0_74},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Book Section}
}

@conference{Borghesan2017,
title = {Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis and Particle Filtering for real-time retina detection from a single-fiber OCT},
author = {Gianni Borghesan and Mouloud Ourak and Eva Lankenau and Richard Neffin and Peter Koch and Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt and Koen Willekens and Peter Stalmans and Dominiek Reynaerts and Emmanuel Vander Poorten},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-06-02},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th Joint Workshop on New Technologies for Computer/Robot Assisted Surgery},
abstract = {Vitreo-retinal surgery concerns a set of particularly demanding micro-surgical interventions that take place at the back of the eye. Examples of such procedures are retinal vein cannulation (where the surgeon aims to insert a needle in a vein of the size of human hairs) and epiretinal membrane peeling (where a detached membrane must be removed from the retina). As severe retinal damage can be caused by undesired collisions, good instrument to retina distance perception would be very useful. We propose to use an OCT-fiber instrumented tool, and purposefully designed algorithms to interpret the measurements and extract a reliable real-time distance estimate. This abstract describes the progress that was made and includes a test conducted with a robotic platform on a synthetic eye mockup.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@article{Horstmann2017,
title = {Label-Free In Vivo Imaging of Corneal Lymphatic Vessels Using Microscopic Optical Coherence Tomography},
author = {Horstmann, J; Schulz-Hildebrandt, H; Bock, F; Siebelmann, S; Lankenau, E; H\"{u}ttmann, G; Steven, P and  Cursiefen, C},
editor = {The Association Research for in Vision and Ophthalmology},
doi = {10.1167/iovs.17-22286},
isbn = {1552-5783},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-25},
journal = { Investig Ophthal & Vis Scie},

pages = {5880-5886},
abstract = {Purpose: Corneal neovascularization, in particular lymphangiogenesis, is a limiting factor in corneal transplant survival. Novel treatment approaches focus on (selective) inhibition and regression of lymphatic vessels. Imaging clinically invisible corneal lymphatic vessels is a prerequisite for these strategies. Using a murine model, this study investigates whether corneal lymphatic vessels can be imaged using microscopic optical coherence tomography (mOCT). 

Methods: Corneal neovascularization was induced by intrastromal placement of 11.0 nylon sutures in one eye of BALB/c mice. After 2 weeks, cross-sectional images and volumes of the corneas with a 0.5 mm lateral and axial field of view were acquired using a custom-built mOCT system enabling a resolution of 1 μm at a B-scan rate of 165/s. Three of the six animals received an additional intrastromal injection of India ink 24 hours before the measurement to stain the corneal lymphatic system in vivo. Immunohistochemistry using CD31 and LYVE-1 was used to validate the mOCT findings. 

Results: Using mOCT, lymphatic vessels were visible as dark vessel-like structures with the lumen lacking a hyperreflective wall and mostly lacking cells. However, individual, slowly moving particles, which most likely are immune cells, occasionally could be observed inside the lumen. In lymphatic vessels of ink-stained corneas, hyperreflection and shadowing underneath was observed. Ink-filled lymphatic vessels were colocalized in consecutive corneal flat mounts of the same specimen. 

Conclusions: Corneal lymphatic vessels can be imaged using mOCT. This novel approach opens new options for noninvasive clinical imaging of corneal lymphatic vessels for diagnostic and therapeutic indications.},
keywords = {OCM},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Seiler2017,
   author = {Seiler, T G; Engler, M; Beck, E; Birngruber, R and Kochevar, I E},
   title = {Interface bonding with corneal crosslinking (CXL) after LASIK ex vivo},
   journal = {Investig Ophthal and Vis Scie},
   
   pages = {6292-6298},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.17-22426},
   
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Yao2017,
   author = {Yao, C; Rudnitzki, F; Hüttmann, G; Zhang, Zand Rahmanzadeh, R},
   title = {Important factors for cell-membrane permeabilization by gold nanoparticles activated by nanosecond-laser irradiation},
journal = {International Journal of Nanomedicine},
  
   pages = {5659-5672},
   DOI = {10.2147/IJN.S140620},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@conference{Casper2017,
title = {Imaging cold-induced vasodynamic behaviour in skin using OCT for microangiography (Conference Presentation)},
author = {Malte Casper and Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt and Michael Evers and Cuc Nguyen and Reginald Birngruber and Gereon H\"{u}ttmann and Dieter Manstein},
editor = {Spie},
doi = {doi: 10.1117/12.2251485},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-04-19},
booktitle = {Proceedings Volume 10037, Photonics in Dermatology and Plastic Surgery},
volume = {10037OS},
abstract = {In dermatology the reflexes of vasoconstriction and vasodilation are known as important mechanisms of thermoregulation of the inner body. Imaging the physiology of microvasculature of the skin with high spatial resolution in three dimensions while reacting to changes in temperature is crucial for understanding the complex processes of vasodynamics, which result in constriction and dilation of vessels. However, previous studies using Laser-Doppler flowmetry and -imaging could not provide reliable angiographic images which allow to quantify changes in blood vessel diameter. Here, we report a different approach for angiographic imaging of microvasculature of a anaesthetized rodent model using speckle variance optical coherence tomography (svOCT) during and after localized cooling. Therefore a commercial OCT with a center wavelength of 1.3 μm and a spatial resolution of 13µm was used in combination with a custom built cooling device to image such reflexes at the mouse ear pinna and dorsal skinfold. Cooling was applied in steps of 2−5◦ C starting at the baseline temperature of 27◦ C down to −10◦ C. To our surprise and in contrast to the general opinion in literature, we were able to observe that the majority of vessels with a diameter larger than 20 μm maintain perfused with a constant diameter when the tissue is cooled from baseline to subzero temperatures. However, vasoconstriction was observed very rarely and only in veins, which led to their occlusion. The results of this experiment lead us to reconsider essential aspects of previous understanding of temperature-induced vasodynamics in cutaneous microvasculature.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

  @article{Jirauschek2017,
   author = {Jirauschek, Christian and Huber, Robert},
   title = {Efficient simulation of the swept-waveform polarization dynamics in fiber spools and Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers},
   journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America B},
   volume = {34},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1135-1146},
   DOI = {10.1364/JOSAB.34.001135},
   url = {http://josab.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-34-6-1135},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

   abstract = {We present a theoretical model and its efficient numerical implementation for the simulation of wavelength-swept waveform propagation in fiber systems such as Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers, fully accounting for the polarization dynamics in fiber spools and further polarization-dependent optical components in the setup. This approach enables us to perform long-time simulations of the FDML laser dynamics over more than 100,000 cavity round trips, as required for some FDML configurations to ensure convergence to the steady-state operating regime. The model is validated against experimental results for single propagation through a fiber spool and for stationary FDML operation. The polarization dynamics due to the fiber spool, inducing polarization-mode dispersion, bending birefringence as well as cross-phase modulation, and other optical components such as the Faraday-rotating mirror used for polarization compensation is thoroughly investigated.},
   keywords = {Laser theory
Lasers, tunable
Optical coherence tomography
Birefringence
Polarization
Pulses
AG-Huber_FDML},
   url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/josab/abstract.cfm?uri=josab-34-6-1135},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Miura2017,
   author = {Miura, Y; Pruessner, J; Mertineit, C L; Kern, K; Muenter, M; Moltmann, M; Danicke, V and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Continuous-wave Thulium Laser for Heating Cultured Cells to Investigate Cellular Thermal Effects},
   journal = {J Vis Exp},
   
   ISSN = {1940-087x},
   DOI = {10.3791/54326},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
  } 

@article{Miura2017,
   author = {Rudolf, M; Mir Mohi Sefat, A; Miura, Y; Tura, A; Raasch, W; Ranjbar, M; Grisanti, S; Aherrahrou, Z; Wagner, A; Messinger, J D; Garber, D W; Anantharamaiah, G M and Curcio, C A},
   title = {ApoA-I Mimetic Peptide 4F Reduces Age-Related Lipid Deposition in Murine Bruch's Membrane and Causes Its Structural Remodeling},
   journal = {Curr Eye Res},
   pages = {1-12},
   ISSN = {0271-3683},
   DOI = {10.1080/02713683.2017.1370118},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article},

}

@article{Verbytskyi2017,
   author = {Verbytskyi, Ievgen and Münter, Michael and Buj, Christian and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {A Problem of a Displacement Calculation of Tissue Surface in Non-Contact Photoacoustic Tomography},
   journal = {Naukovi Visti NTUU KPI},
   number = {2},
   pages = {58-64},
   ISSN = {2519-8890},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/1810-0546.2017.2.98021},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2254792,
author = {Tom Pfeiffer and Wolfgang Draxinger and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Markus Petermann and Robert Huber},
title = {{Analysis of FDML lasers with meter range coherence}},
volume = {10053},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXI},
editor = {James G. Fujimoto and Joseph A. Izatt and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {100531T},
abstract = {FDML lasers provide sweep rates in the MHz range at wide optical bandwidths, making them ideal sources for high
speed OCT. Recently, at lower speed, ultralong-range swept-source OCT has been demonstrated using a tunable
vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and also using a Vernier-tunable laser. These sources provide relatively
high sweep rates and meter range coherence lengths. In order to achieve similar coherence, we developed an extremely
well dispersion compensated Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser, running at 3.2 MHz sweep rate and 120 nm
spectral bandwidth. We demonstrate that this laser offers meter range coherence and enables volumetric long range OCT
of moving objects.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, tunable laser, Fourier domain mode locking, FDML, MHz OCT},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1117/12.2254792},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254792}
}

@conference{Latus2017,
title = {An Approach for Needle Based Optical Coherence Elastography Measurements},
author = {Latus, S; Otte, C; Schl\"{u}ter, M; Rehra,J; Bizon, K; Schulz-Hildebrandt, H; Saathoff, T; H\"{u}ttmann, Gereon and Schlaefer, A},
editor = {Springer International Publishing},
url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-66185-8_74},
isbn = {978-3-319-66185-8},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-09-01},
booktitle = {Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention − MICCAI 2017},

pages = {655--663},
organization = {Springer},
abstract = {© Springer International Publishing AG 2017. 
While navigation and interventional guidance are typically based on image data, the images do not necessarily reflect mechanical tissue properties. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) presents a modality with high sensitivity and very high spatial and temporal resolution. However, OCE has a limited field of view of only 2\textendash5 mm depth. We present a side-facing needle probe to image externally induced shear waves from within soft tissue. A first method of quantitative needle-based OCE is provided. Using a time of flight setup, we establish the shear wave velocity and estimate the tissue elasticity. For comparison, an external scan head is used for imaging. Results for four different phantoms indicate a good agreement between the shear wave velocities estimated from the needle probe at different depths and the scan head. The velocities ranging from 0.9\textendash3.4 m/s agree with the expected values, illustrating that tissue elasticity estimates from within needle probes are feasible.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}

@article{Horstmann2016,
   author = {Horstmann, J. and Siebelmann, S. and Schulz-Hildebrandt, H. and Glasunow, I. and Schadschneider, A. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {OCT verstehen – Teil 2: Praktische Aspekte und Anwendung},
   journal = {Augenheilkunde up2date},
   volume = {6},
   number = {04},
   pages = {305-320},
   ISSN = {1616-9719},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0042-117459},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{RN4897,
   author = {Sudkamp, Helge and Koch, Peter and Spahr, Hendrik and Hillmann, Dierck and Franke, Gesa and Münst, Michael and Reinholz, Fred and Birngruber, Reginald and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {In-vivo retinal imaging with off-axis full-field time-domain optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Optics Letters},
   volume = {41},
   number = {21},
   pages = {4987-4990},
   DOI = {10.1364/OL.41.004987},
   url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-41-21-4987},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Spahr2016,
   author = {Spahr, H. and Hillmann, D. and Hain, C. and Pfäffle, C. and Sudkamp, H. and Franke, G. and Koch, P. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Darstellung von Blutfluss und Pulsation in retinalen Gefäßen mit Full-Field-Swept-Source-OCT},
   journal = {Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd},
   volume = {233},
   number = {12},
   pages = {1324-1330},
   ISSN = {0023-2165},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0042-120279},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Schulz-Hildebrandt2016,
   author = {Schulz-Hildebrandt, H. and Pieper, M. and Kasper, J. and Traulsen, N. and Mall, M. and König, P. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Towards automated evaluation of mucus transport measured by microscopic OCT (mOCT) during hypertonic saline treatment of Cystic Fibrosis},
   journal = {Pneumologie},
   volume = {70},
   number = {07},
   pages = {1-48},
   ISSN = {0934-8387},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0036-1584651},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Karpf:16,
author = {Sebastian Karpf and Matthias Eibl and Benjamin Sauer and Fred Reinholz and Gereon H\"{u}ttmann and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Fiber optics imaging; Nonlinear optics, fibers; Lasers, fiber; Fluorescence microscopy; Nonlinear microscopy; Femtosecond pulses; In vivo imaging; Laser sources; Nanosecond pulses; Optical systems; Ultrafast lasers},
number = {7},
pages = {2432--2440},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Two-photon microscopy using fiber-based nanosecond excitation},
volume = {7},
month = {Jul},
year = {2016},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-7-7-2432},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.7.002432},
abstract = {Two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy is a powerful technique for sensitive tissue imaging at depths of up to 1000 micrometers. However, due to the shallow penetration, for in vivo imaging of internal organs in patients beam delivery by an endoscope is crucial. Until today, this is hindered by linear and non-linear pulse broadening of the femtosecond pulses in the optical fibers of the endoscopes. Here we present an endoscope-ready, fiber-based TPEF microscope, using nanosecond pulses at low repetition rates instead of femtosecond pulses. These nanosecond pulses lack most of the problems connected with femtosecond pulses but are equally suited for TPEF imaging. We derive and demonstrate that at given cw-power the TPEF signal only depends on the duty cycle of the laser source. Due to the higher pulse energy at the same peak power we can also demonstrate single shot two-photon fluorescence lifetime measurements.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2217572,
author = {Sijia Wang and Gereon H{\"u}ttmann and Tayyaba Hasan and Ramtin Rahmanzadeh},
title = {{Molecular targeted PDT with selective delivery of ICG Photo-Immunoconjugates
(Conference Presentation)}},
volume = {9694},
booktitle = {Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XXV},
editor = {David H. Kessel and Tayyaba Hasan},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {96940O},
keywords = {photodynamic therapy, liposome, endosomal entrapment, nanotechnology, cell proliferation, photochemical internalization},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1117/12.2217572},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217572}
}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02012,
author = {Huber, Robert and Dworak, Lars and Moser, Jacques E. and Grätzel, Michael and Wachtveitl, Josef},
title = {Beyond Vibrationally Mediated Electron Transfer: Coherent Phenomena Induced by Ultrafast Charge Separation},
journal = {The Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
volume = {120},
number = {16},
pages = {8534-8539},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02012},

URL = { 
        https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02012
    
},
eprint = { 
        https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02012
    
}
,
    abstract = { Wave packet propagation succeeding electron transfer (ET) from alizarin dye molecules into the nanocrystalline TiO2 semiconductor has been studied by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Because of the ultrafast time scale of the ET reaction of about 6 fs, the system shows substantial differences to molecular ET systems. We show that the ET process is not mediated by molecular vibrations, and therefore classical ET theories lose their applicability. Here the ET reaction itself prepares a vibrational wave packet and not the electromagnetic excitation by the laser pulse. Furthermore, the generation of phonons during polaron formation in the TiO2 lattice is observed in real time for this system. The presented investigations enable an unambiguous assignment of the involved photoinduced mechanisms and can contribute to a corresponding extension of molecular ET theories to ultrafast ET systems like alizarin/TiO2. }
}

@article{Linz2016,
   author = {Linz, Norbert and Freidank, Sebastian and Liang, Xiao-Xuan and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Wavelength dependence of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown in water and implications for laser surgery},
   journal = {American Physical Society,Phys. Rev. B},
   volume = { 94},
   number = {2},
   pages = {1-19},
   url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.024113},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Kim2016,
   author = {Kim, H. D. and Jang, S. Y. and Lee, S. H. and Kim, Y. S. and Ohn, Y. H. and Brinkmann, R. and Park, T. K.},
   title = {Retinal Pigment Epithelium Responses to Selective Retina Therapy in Mouse Eyes},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {57},
   number = {7},
   pages = {3486-95},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal damage induced by selective retina therapy (SRT) in mice, and to elucidate longitudinal changes in RPE cells. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice received SRT and continuous-wave laser photocoagulation (cwPC). The cell death pattern was evaluated using TUNEL assay, and proliferative potential of the RPE cells was evaluated using 5-ethynyl-2'-dexoyuridine (EdU) assay. To investigate the cell-cell integrity of RPE cells, beta-catenin staining was performed. The number and hexagonality of RPE cells in the SRT-treated area were estimated using a Voronoi diagram with time periods of 3 hours to 14 days. Antibodies to microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF) and orthodenticle homeobox 2 (Otx2) were used to confirm the specific characteristics of RPE cells in the SRT-treated area. RESULTS: The number of TUNEL-positive cells located in the neural retina was significantly lower in lesions treated with SRT compared to those treated with cwPC. EdU-positive RPE cells were first detected 3 to 12 hours after SRT, and increased until 3 to 7 days after SRT. beta-catenin staining showed that hexagonality was compromised and subsequently, RPE cells expanded in size within the targeted location. The number of RPE cells in SRT lesions decreased gradually until 12 hours after SRT and recovered by 14 days. Upregulated expression of MiTF and Otx2 was observed for 2 weeks in the SRT lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Selective retina therapy seems to induce selective RPE damage without collateral thermal injury in the neural retina. Furthermore, SRT-treated lesions recovered by proliferation of RPE cells that were present in the treated lesions and by expansion of adjacent RPE cells.},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.16-19508},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Strauch2017,
author={Strauch, M and Urbach, H P},
booktitle={2016 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)},
title={Surface harmonics on liquid lenses},
year={2016},

pages={248-249},
keywords={lenses;optical harmonic generation;optical tuning;oscillations;surface harmonics;liquid lenses;tunability;nonspherical surfaces;surface oscillations;Lenses;Liquids;Surface waves;Optical surface waves;Harmonic analysis;Shape;Optical switches},
doi={10.1109/IPCon.2016.7831063},
ISSN={},
month={Oct},}

@article{Kang1016,
   author = {Kang, S. and Park, Y. G. and Kim, J. R. and Seifert, E. and Theisen-Kunde, D and Brinkman, R and Roh, Y. J.},
   title = {Selective Retina Therapy in Patients With Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Pilot Study},
   journal = {Medicine (Baltimore)},
   volume = {95},
   number = {3},
   pages = {e2524},
   note = {1536-5964
Kang, Seungbum
Park, Young Gun
Kim, Jae Ryun
Seifert, Eric
Dirk, Theisen-Kunde
Ralf, Brinkmann
Roh, Young Jung
Journal Article
United States
Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Jan;95(3):e2524. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002524.},
   abstract = {We evaluated visual outcomes, changes of maximum macular thickness (MMT) and subretinal fluid (SRF), and safety in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) after treatment with selective retina therapy (SRT). Retrospective cohort study of patients with chronic CSC presenting to a university-based hospital from January 2014 through January 2015 was conducted. A total of 12 eyes of 12 patients with chronic CSC lasting for at least 3 months was recruited. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 12 months. Following evaluation of test spots at temporal arcades, SRT (Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride [Nd:YLF] laser; wavelength, 527 nm, pulse duration, 1.7 microsececond) was applied to the surrounding areas of leakage observed on fluorescein angiogram and/or pigment epithelial detachment (PED). Changes in best-correct visual acuity (BCVA), MMT, and SRF and macular sensitivity (MS) by microperimetry (MP) were evaluated. Eyes received treatment in a mean of 3.83 spots at the pulse energy of 65 to 90 muJ. Mean BCVA (logMAR) improved from 0.23 +/- 0.12 at baseline to 0.14 +/- 0.13 at 3 months. MMT decreased from 341.4 +/- 85.5 mum at baseline to 236.0 +/- 57.9 mum at 3 months. SRF completely resolved in 75% (9 eyes) at 3 months. Large PEDs (2 eyes) were flattened at 3 months. Retreatment was performed in 4 eyes. MP showed no evidence of scotoma around SRT-treated lesions. SRT treatment targeting the surrounding area of leakage point showed favorable visual and structural outcomes in chronic CSC patients without the risk of scotoma.},
   ISSN = {0025-7974},
   DOI = {10.1097/md.0000000000002524},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Park2016,
   author = {Park, Y. G. and Kim, J. R. and Kang, S. and Seifert, E. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Brinkmann, R. and Roh, Y. J.},
   title = {Safety and efficacy of selective retina therapy (SRT) for the treatment of diabetic macular edema in Korean patients},
   journal = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
   note = {1435-702x
Park, Young Gun
Kim, Jae Ryun
Kang, Seungbum
Seifert, Eric
Theisen-Kunde, Dirk
Brinkmann, Ralf
Roh, Young-Jung
Journal article
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016 Jan 23.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: Selective retina therapy (SRT) stimulates retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell migration and proliferation into irradiated areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SRT in Korean patients with clinically significant diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: Prospective non-randomized interventional case series study. Twenty-three eyes of 21 patients with clinically significant DME were treated with SRT and followed for 6 months. Patients underwent an evaluation of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters. Microperimetry was employed to measure macular sensitivity within the central 10 degrees field, and the central macular thickness (CMT) and maximum macular thickness (MMT) were measured. RESULTS: An improvement in BCVA of one to two ETDRS lines was observed in 41.2 % of patients and an improvement of greater than two lines in 29.4 %. Although there was no significant change in CMT (P > 0.05), MMT decreased from 465.8 +/- 87.4 mum to 434.3 +/- 83.9 mum (P = 0.006), and mean macular sensitivity increased from 20.8 +/- 3.4dB to 22.5 +/- 3.5dB (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The gains in BCVA and improvement in macular sensitivity demonstrated that SRT may be used as an effective and safe treatment modality in Korean patients with clinically significant DME.},
   keywords = {Diabetic macular edema
Dosimetry
Microperimetry
Retinal pigment epithelium
Selective retina therapy},
   ISSN = {0721-832x},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00417-015-3262-1},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Yasui2016,
   author = {Yasui, Ayako and Yamamoto, Manabu and Hirayama, Kumiko and Shiraki, Kunihiko and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Brinkmann, Ralf and Miura, Yoko and Kohno, Takeya},
   title = {Retinal sensitivity after selective retina therapy (SRT) on patients with central serous chorioretinopathy},
   journal = {Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
   pages = {1-12},
   abstract = {To assess retinal sensitivity after selective retina therapy (SRT) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).},
   ISSN = {1435-702X},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-016-3441-8},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Bliedtner2016,
   author = {Bliedtner, Katharina and Seifert, Eric and Stockmann, Leoni and Effe, Lisa and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Towards real time speckle controlled retinal photocoagulation},
   volume = {9693},
   pages = {96931A-96931A-6},
   note = {10.1117/12.2212703},
   abstract = {Photocoagulation is a laser treatment widely used for the therapy of several retinal diseases. Intra- and inter-individual variations of the ocular transmission, light scattering and the retinal absorption makes it impossible to achieve a uniform effective exposure and hence a uniform damage throughout the therapy. A real-time monitoring and control of the induced damage is highly requested. Here, an approach to realize a real time optical feedback using dynamic speckle analysis is presented. A 532 nm continuous wave Nd:YAG laser is used for coagulation. During coagulation, speckle dynamics are monitored by a coherent object illumination using a 633nm HeNe laser and analyzed by a CMOS camera with a frame rate up to 1 kHz. It is obvious that a control system needs to determine whether the desired damage is achieved to shut down the system in a fraction of the exposure time. Here we use a fast and simple adaption of the generalized difference algorithm to analyze the speckle movements. This algorithm runs on a FPGA and is able to calculate a feedback value which is correlated to the thermal and coagulation induced tissue motion and thus the achieved damage. For different spot sizes (50-200 μm) and different exposure times (50-500 ms) the algorithm shows the ability to discriminate between different categories of retinal pigment epithelial damage ex-vivo in enucleated porcine eyes. Furthermore in-vivo experiments in rabbits show the ability of the system to determine tissue changes in living tissue during coagulation.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2212703},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2016}
}

@article{Wang2016,
   author = {Wang, Sijia and Hüttmann, Gereon and Rudnitzki, Florian and Diddens-Tschoeke, Heyke and Zhang, Zhenxi and Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin},
   title = {Indocyanine green as effective antibody conjugate for intracellular molecular targeted photodynamic therapy},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {21},
   number = {7},
   pages = {078001-078001},
   note = {10.1117/1.JBO.21.7.078001},
   abstract = {Abstract.  The fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) is clinically approved and has been applied for ophthalmic and intraoperative angiography, measurement of cardiac output and liver function, or as contrast agent in cancer surgery. Though ICG is known for its photochemical effects, it has played a minor role so far in photodynamic therapy or techniques for targeted protein-inactivation. Here, we investigated ICG as an antibody-conjugate for the selective inactivation of the protein Ki-67 in the nucleus of cells. Conjugates of the Ki-67 antibody TuBB-9 with different amounts of ICG were synthesized and delivered into HeLa and OVCAR-5 cells through conjugation to the nuclear localization sequence. Endosomal escape of the macromolecular antibodies into the cytoplasm was optically triggered by photochemical internalization with the photosensitizer BPD. The second light irradiation at 690 nm inactivated Ki-67 and subsequently caused cell death. Here, we show that ICG as an antibody-conjugate can be an effective photosensitizing agent. Best effects were achieved with 1.8 ICG molecules per antibody. Conjugated to antibodies, the ICG absorption peaks vary proportionally with concentration. The absorption of ICG above 650 nm within the optical window of tissue opens the possibility of selective Ki-67 inactivation deep inside of tissues.},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hüttmann2016,
   author = {Huttmann, Gereon and Moltmann, Moritz and Spahr, Hendrik and Tode, Jan and de Roeck, Anna and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Birngruber, Reginald and Koinzer, Stefan and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Retinal lesion formation during photocoagulation investigated by high-speed 1060 nm Doppler-OCT: first clinical results},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {57},
   number = {12},
   pages = {5852-5852},
   abstract = {Abstract Purpose : The molecular processes during heating with a photocoagulation laser, particularly in sub-visible or mere thermal stimulation treatment, have only partly been understood, and different theories exist that try to explain its clinical efficacy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was successfully used to grade lesions with high accuracy 1 hour after the treatments and beyond. During the irradiation, changes in tissue scattering and, by use of the Doppler signal, tissue motion caused by thermal expansion and coagulation-induced tissue contraction were shown to correlate ex-vivo and in rabbits with the strength of photocoagulation lesions. Aim of this study was to validate feasibility and reproducibility of these results in humans. Methods : In an ongoing study more than 100 lesions of three patients have been imaged with a slitlamp-based OCT (1060 nm, 90,000 A-scans/s) with varying irradiance during laser exposure. Durations of the exposure were 50 ms and 200 ms; spot size was 300 µm. Eye movements and heart beat were corrected by cross-correlation of the images. Increased tissue scattering and movement of the neuronal retina due to thermal expansion were determined from the image sequences with 3 ms temporal resolution. Results : In the first treatments with this prototype device, we received acceptable image quality in 1/3 of the lesions. Changes in the neuronal retina were successful visualized during and after the laser irradiation, demonstrating the feasibility of a real-time assessment of initial effects of photocoagulation in humans. Lesion visibility in standard, reflection-based OCT was much weaker during treatment compared to 1 hour afterwards. Increased tissue scattering was observed in stronger lesions already during the laser irradiation. At reduced irradiance, scattering increase was only observed after the end of irradiation. However, tissue motion towards the vitreous was still observed in these cases. Conclusions : In conclusion, high-speed OCT recording during photocoagulation measures initial tissue changes during photocoagulation in humans. It may enhance our understanding of the tissue dynamics right after laser irradiation. It may provide useful information for a real-time dosage control as well. This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2016 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 2016.},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Wang2016,
   author = {Wang, S. and Huttmann, G. and Scholzen, T. and Zhang, Z. and Vogel, A. and Hasan, T. and Rahmanzadeh, R.},
   title = {A light-controlled switch after dual targeting of proliferating tumor cells via the membrane receptor EGFR and the nuclear protein Ki-67},
   journal = {Sci Rep},
   volume = {6},
   pages = {27032},
   note = {2045-2322
Wang, Sijia
Huttmann, Gereon
Scholzen, Thomas
Zhang, Zhenxi
Vogel, Alfred
Hasan, Tayyaba
Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin
Journal Article
England
Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 1;6:27032. doi: 10.1038/srep27032.},
   abstract = {Using nanotechnology for optical manipulation of molecular processes in cells with high spatial and temporal precision promises new therapeutic options. Especially tumor therapy may profit as it requires a combination of both selectivity and an effective cell killing mechanism. Here we show a dual targeting approach for selective and efficient light-controlled killing of cells which are positive for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ki-67. Liposomes with the covalently linked EGFR antibody Erbitux enabled selective uptake of FITC-labeled Ki-67 antibody TuBB-9 in EGFR-positive cells pre-loaded with the photoactive dye BPD. After irradiation at 690 nm, BPD disrupted the endosomal membranes and delivered the antibodies to the nucleoli of the cells. The second irradiation at 490 nm activated the FITC-labeled TuBB-9, which caused inactivation of the Ki-67 protein and subsequent cell death via apoptosis. Efficient cell killing was possible at nanomolar concentrations of TuBB-9 due to the effective transport by immune liposomes and the high efficacy of the Ki-67 light-inactivation. Delivery of the liposomal constructs and cell destruction correlated well with the EGFR expression pattern of different cell lines (HeLa, OVCAR-5, MCF-7, and human fibroblasts), demonstrating an excellent selectivity.},
   ISSN = {2045-2322},
   DOI = {10.1038/srep27032},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Ranjbar2016,
   author = {Ranjbar, M. and Brinkmann, M. P. and Zapf, D. and Miura, Y. and Rudolf, M. and Grisanti, S.},
   title = {Fc Receptor Inhibition Reduces Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress in Human RPE Cells Treated with Bevacizumab, but not Aflibercept},
   journal = {Cell Physiol Biochem},
   volume = {38},
   number = {2},
   pages = {737-47},
   note = {1421-9778
Ranjbar, Mahdy
Brinkmann, Max Philipp
Zapf, Dorinja
Miura, Yoko
Rudolf, Martin
Grisanti, Salvatore
Journal Article
Switzerland
Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;38(2):737-47. doi: 10.1159/000443030. Epub 2016 Feb 15.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: VEGF-A is induced by oxidative stress, and functions as a survival factor for various cell types, including retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs like aflibercept and bevacizumab have shown to be most effective in treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), however uptake of the drugs might lead to interference with cell physiology. Herein, we evaluated the significance of the Fc receptor (FcR) within this context and moreover explored the impact of VEGF inhibition under normal conditions as well as under oxidative stress, in terms of potential adverse effects. METHODS: ARPE-19 (human RPE) cells were treated with aflibercept and bevacizumab in presence or absence of H2O2 as oxidative stress stimulus. After 24h cells were evaluated for drug uptake, VEGF-A expression and secretion, levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as cell proliferation. Experiments were repeated with cells being pre-incubated with an FcR inhibitor prior to drug application. RESULTS: Both drugs inhibited extracellular levels of VEGF-A and were taken up into the RPE, resulting in significantly reduced intracellular levels of VEGF-A. When oxidative stress was applied, intracellular ROS levels in cells treated with both drugs rose, and cell proliferation was reduced. Prior incubation with the FcR inhibitor lessened the uptake of bevacizumab, but not aflibercept into RPE cells, and simultaneously enhanced cell survival under oxidative stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that uptake and accumulation of aflibercept and bevacizumab within RPE cells affect the intracellular VEGF-A metabolism negatively, leading to a biologically relevant reduced cell survival under oxidative stress. The FcR plays a substantial role in the uptake of bevacizumab, but not aflibercept, which allows an enhanced RPE cell survival through FcR blockage in an environment dominated by oxidative stress, as clinically significant for various inflammatory retinal disorders.},
   ISSN = {1015-8987},
   DOI = {10.1159/000443030},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Maushagen2016,
   title        = {Effects of paclitaxel on permanent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and identification of anti-apoptotic caspase 9b},
   author       = {Maushagen, R. and Reers, S. and Pfannerstill, A. C. and Hahlbrock, A. and Stauber, R. and Rahmanzadeh, R. and Rades, D. and Pries, R. and Wollenberg, B.},
   year         = 2016,
   journal      = {J Cancer Res Clin Oncol},
   volume       = 142,
   number       = 6,
   pages        = {1261--71},
   doi          = {10.1007/s00432-016-2150-3},
   issn         = {0171-5216},
   note         = {1432-1335 Maushagen, Regina Reers, Stefan Pfannerstill, Ann-Christin Hahlbrock, Angelina Stauber, Roland Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin Rades, Dirk Pries, Ralph Wollenberg, Barbara Journal Article Germany J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2016 Jun;142(6):1261-71. doi: 10.1007/s00432-016-2150-3. Epub 2016 Apr 1.},
   abstract     = {PURPOSE: Paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against various human tumors inducing apoptosis via binding to beta-tubulin of microtubules and arresting cells mainly in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. However, the underlying specific molecular mechanisms of paclitaxel on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have not been identified yet. METHODS: The apoptotic effects and mechanisms of paclitaxel on different permanent HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines (UT-SCC-24A, UT-SCC-24B, UT-SCC-60A and UT-SCC-60B) were determined by flow cytometry assays, polymerase chain reaction analysis, immunofluorescence-based assays and sequencing studies. RESULTS: Paclitaxel induced a G2/M arrest in HNSCC cell lines followed by an increased amount of apoptotic cells. Moreover, the activation of caspase 8, caspase 10 and caspase 3, and the loss of the mitochondrial outer membrane potential could be observed, whereas an activation of caspase 9 could barely be detected. The efficient activation of caspase 9 was not affected by altered methylation patterns. Our results can show that the promoter region of apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) was not methylated in the HNSCC cell lines. By sequencing analysis two isoforms of caspase 9, the pro-apoptotic caspase 9 and the anti-apoptotic caspase 9b were identified. The anti-apoptotic caspase 9b is missing the catalytic site and acts as an endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis by blocking the binding of caspase 9 to Apaf-1 to form the apoptosome. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate the presence of anti-apoptotic caspase 9b in HNSCC, which may serve as a promising target to increase chemotherapeutic apoptosis induction.},
   keywords     = {Apoptosis Caspase 9b Caspases Head and neck cancer Paclitaxel},
   type         = {Journal Article}
}

@article{RN5040,
   author = {Tromberg, B. J. and Anderson, R. R. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R. and Berns, M. W. and Parrish, J. A. and Apiou-Sbirlea, G.},
   title = {Biomedical optics centers: forty years of multidisciplinary clinical translation for improving human health},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   volume = {21},
   number = {12},
   pages = {124001},
   ISSN = {1560-2281 (Electronic)
1083-3668 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.JBO.21.12.124001},
  
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{WANG2016622,
title = {Heartbeat OCT and Motion-Free 3D In Vivo Coronary Artery Microscopy},
journal = {JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {622-623},
year = {2016},
issn = {1936-878X},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.08.010},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936878X15006713},
author = {Tianshi Wang and Tom Pfeiffer and Evelyn Regar and Wolfgang Wieser and Heleen {van Beusekom} and Charles T. Lancee and Geert Springeling and Ilona Krabbendam-Peters and Antonius F.W. {van der Steen} and Robert Huber and Gijs {van Soest}}
}

@article{Hillmann2016,
   author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Spahr, Hendrik and Hain, Carola and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Pfäffle, Clara and Winter, Christian and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Aberration-free volumetric high-speed imaging of in vivo retina},
   journal = {Scientific Reports},
   volume = {6},
   pages = {1-11},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep35209},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Ranjbar2016,
   author = {Ranjbar, Mahdy and Brinkmann, Max Philipp and Tura, Aysegül and Rudolf, Martin and Miura, Yoko and Grisanti, Salvatore},
   title = {Ranibizumab interacts with the VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway in human RPE cells at different levels},
   journal = {Cytokine},
   volume = {83},
   pages = {210-216},
   abstract = {Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an important role in ocular homeostasis, but also in diseases, most notably age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To date, anti-VEGF drugs like ranibizumab have been shown to be most effective in treating these pathologic conditions. However, clinical trials suggest that the RPE could degenerate and perish through anti-VEGF treatment. Herein, we evaluated possible pathways and outcomes of the interaction between ranibizumab and human RPE cells (ARPE-19). Results indicate that ranibizumab affects the VEGF-A metabolism in RPE cells from an extra- as well as intracellular site. The drug is taken up into the cells, with the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) being involved, and decreases VEGF-A protein levels within the cells as well as extracellularly. Oxidative stress plays a key role in various inflammatory disorders of the eye. Our results suggest that oxidative stress inhibits RPE cell proliferation. This anti-proliferative effect on RPE cells is significantly enhanced through ranibizumab, which does not inhibit RPE cell proliferation substantially in absence of relevant oxidative stress. Therefore, we emphasize that anti-VEGF treatment should be selected carefully in AMD patients with preexistent extensive RPE atrophy.},
   keywords = {Ranibizumab
RPE
VEGF-A
VEGFR-2
Oxidative stress},
   ISSN = {1043-4666},
   url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043466616300722},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Pieper2016,
   author = {Pieper, Mario and Schulz-Hildebrandt, Hinnerk and Hüttmann, Gereon and König, Peter},
   title = {Imaging of mucus clearance in the airways of living spontaneously breathing mice by optical coherence microscopy (Conference Presentation)},
   volume = {9691},
   pages = {969116-969116-1},
year = { 2016},
   note = {10.1117/12.2209054},
   abstract = {Mucus transport is essential to remove inhaled particles and pathogens from the lung. Impaired removal of mucus often results in worsening of lung diseases. To understand the mechanisms of mucus transport and to monitor the impact of therapeutic strategies, it is essential to visualize airways and mucus in living animals without disturbing transport processes by intubation or surgically opening the airways. We developed a custom-built optical coherence microscope (OCM) providing a lateral and axial resolution of approximately 1.5 µm with a field of view of 2 mm at up to 150 images/s. Images of the intact trachea and its mucus transport were recorded in anesthetized spontaneously breathing mice. NaCl solution (0.9% and 7%) or Lipopolysaccharide were applied intranasally. OCM resolved detailed structure of the trachea and enabled measuring the airway surface liquid (ASL) thickness through the tracheal wall. Without stimulation, the amount of ASL was only a few µm above the epithelium and remained constant. After intranasal application of 30 µl saline at different concentrations, an early fast cough-like fluid removal with velocities higher than 1 mm/s was observed that removed a high amount of liquid. The ASL thickness increased transiently and quickly returned to levels before stimulation. In contrast to saline, application of Lipopolysaccharide induced substantial mucus release and an additional slow mucus transport by ciliary beating (around 100 µm/s) towards the larynx was observed. In conclusion, OCM is appropriate unique tool to study mechanisms of mucus transport in the airways and effects of therapeutic interventions in living animals.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2209054},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@article{Schlott2016,
   author = {Schlott, Kerstin and Koinzer, Stefan and Baade, Alexander and Birngruber, Reginald and Roider, Johann and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Lesion strength control by automatic temperature guided retinal photocoagulation},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {21},
   number = {9},
   pages = {098001-098001},
   note = {10.1117/1.JBO.21.9.098001},
   abstract = {Abstract.  Laser photocoagulation is an established treatment for a variety of retinal diseases. However, when using the same irradiation parameter, the size and strength of the lesions are unpredictable due to unknown inter- and intraindividual optical properties of the fundus layers. The aim of this work is to investigate a feedback system to generate desired lesions of preselectable strengths by automatically controlling the irradiation time. Optoacoustics were used for retinal temperature monitoring. A 532-nm continuous wave Nd:YAG laser was used for photocoagulation. A 75-ns/523-nm Q-switched Nd:YLF laser simultaneously excited temperature-dependent pressure transients, which were detected at the cornea by an ultrasonic transducer embedded in a contact lens. The temperature data were analyzed during the irradiation by a LabVIEW routine. The treatment laser was switched off automatically when the required lesion strength was achieved. Five different feedback control algorithms for different lesion sizes were developed and tested on rabbits in vivo. With a laser spot diameter of 133  μm, five different lesion types with ophthalmoscopically visible diameters ranging mostly between 100 and 200  μm, and different appearances were achieved by automatic exposure time control. The automatically controlled lesions were widely independent of the treatment laser power and the retinal pigmentation.},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.JBO.21.9.098001},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Spahr2016,
   author = {Spahr, Hendrik and Hillmann, Dierck and Hain, Carola and Pfäffle, Clara and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Imaging vascular dynamics in human retina using full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation)},
   volume = {9697},
   pages = {96970E-96970E-1},
   note = {10.1117/12.2214303},
   abstract = {We demonstrate a new non-invasive method to assess the functional condition of the retinal vascular system. Phase-sensitive full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (PhS-FF-SS-OCT) is used to investigate retinal vascular dynamics at unprecedented temporal resolution. Motion of retinal tissue, that is induced by expansion of the vessels therein, is measured with an accuracy of about 10 nm. The pulse shape of arterial and venous pulsation, their temporal delay as well as the frequency dependent pulse propagation through the capillary bed are determined. For the first time, imaging speed and motion sensitivity are sufficient for a direct measurement of pulse waves propagating with more than 600 mm/s in retinal vessels of a healthy young subject.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2214303},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2016}
}

@article{Horstmann2016,
   author = {Horstmann, J. and Siebelmann, S. and Schulz-Hildebrandt, H. and Glasunow, I. and Schadschneider, A. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {OCT verstehen – Teil 1: Physikalische Grundlagen},
   journal = {Augenheilkunde up2date},
   volume = {6},
   number = {04},
   pages = {289-300},
   ISSN = {1616-9719},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0042-113337},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hillmann2016,
   author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Spahr, Hendrik and Pfäffle, Clara and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {In vivo optical imaging of physiological responses to photostimulation in human photoreceptors},
   journal = {PNAS Early Edition},
   pages = {1-6},
   abstract = {Noninvasive functional imaging of molecular and cellular processes of vision may have immense impact on research and clinical diagnostics. Although suitable intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) have been observed ex vivo and in immobilized animals in vivo, detecting IOSs of photoreceptor activity in living humans was cumbersome and time consuming. Here, we observed clear spatially and temporally resolved changes in the optical path length of the photoreceptor outer segment as a response to an optical stimulus in the living human eye. To witness these changes, we evaluated phase data obtained with a parallelized and computationally aberration-corrected optical coherence tomography system. The noninvasive detection of optical path length changes shows neuronal photoreceptor activity of single cones in living human retina, and therefore, it may provide diagnostic options in ophthalmology and neurology and could provide insights into visual phototransduction in humans.},
   url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/10/10/1606428113.abstract},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Pieper2016,
   author = {Pieper, M. and Schulz-Hildebrandt, H. and Mall, M. and Hüttmann, G. and König, P.},
   title = {Intravital microscopy of mucus transport in mice provides mechanistic insight into hypertonic saline treatment of Cystic Fibrosis},
   journal = {Pneumologie},
   volume = {70},
   number = {07},
   pages = {SOP2},
   ISSN = {0934-8387},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0036-1584654},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2214758,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Thomas Klein and Matthias Eibl and Tom Pfeiffer and Wolfgang Wieser and Robert Huber},
title = {{Megahertz FDML laser with up to 143nm sweep range for ultrahigh resolution OCT at 1050nm}},
volume = {9697},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XX},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {969703},
abstract = {We present a new design of a Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser (FDML laser), which provides a new record in sweep
range at ~1μm center wavelength: At the fundamental sweep rate of 2x417 kHz we reach 143nm bandwidth and 120nm
with 4x buffering at 1.67MHz sweep rate. The latter configuration of our system is characterized: The FWHM of the
point spread function (PSF) of a mirror is 5.6μm (in tissue). Human in vivo retinal imaging is performed with the MHz
laser showing more details in vascular structures. Here we could measure an axial resolution of 6.0μm by determining
the FWHM of specular reflex in the image. Additionally, challenges related to such a high sweep bandwidth such as
water absorption are investigated.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, tunable laser, Fourier domain mode locking, FDML, MHz OCT},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1117/12.2214758},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2214758}
}

@article{Wang:15,
author = {Tianshi Wang and Tom Pfeiffer and Evelyn Regar and Wolfgang Wieser and Heleen van Beusekom and Charles T. Lancee and Geert Springeling and Ilona Krabbendam and Antonius F.W. van der Steen and Robert Huber and Gijs van Soest},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Fiber optics imaging; Three-dimensional image acquisition; Medical optics instrumentation; Scanners; Endoscopic imaging; Medical and biological imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Image quality; Image registration; Imaging techniques; Laser modes; Mode locking; Optical coherence tomography},
number = {12},
pages = {5021--5032},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Heartbeat OCT: in vivo intravascular megahertz-optical coherence tomography},
volume = {6},
month = {Dec},
year = {2015},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-6-12-5021},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.6.005021},
abstract = {Cardiac motion artifacts, non-uniform rotational distortion and undersampling affect the image quality and the diagnostic impact of intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT). In this study we demonstrate how these limitations of IV-OCT can be addressed by using an imaging system that we called \&\#x201C;Heartbeat OCT\&\#x201D;, combining a fast Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser, fast pullback, and a micromotor actuated catheter, designed to examine a coronary vessel in less than one cardiac cycle. We acquired in vivo data sets of two coronary arteries in a porcine heart with both Heartbeat OCT, working at 2.88 MHz A-line rate, 4000 frames/s and 100 mm/s pullback speed, and with a commercial system. The in vivo results show that Heartbeat OCT provides faithfully rendered, motion-artifact free, fully sampled vessel wall architecture, unlike the conventional IV-OCT data. We present the Heartbeat OCT system in full technical detail and discuss the steps needed for clinical translation of the technology.},
}

@article{Spahr2015,
   author = {Spahr, Hendrik and Hillmann, Dierck and Hain, Carola and Pfäffle, Clara and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Imaging pulse wave propagation in human retinal vessels using full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Optics Letters},
   volume = {40},
   number = {20},
   pages = {4771-4774},
   abstract = {We demonstrate a new noninvasive method to assess biomechanical properties of the retinal vascular system. Phase-sensitive full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (PhS-FF-SS-OCT) is used to investigate retinal vascular dynamics at unprecedented temporal resolution. The motion of retinal tissue that is induced by expansion of the vessels therein is measured with an accuracy of about 10 nm. The pulse shapes of arterial and venous pulsations, their temporal delays, as well as the frequency-dependent pulse propagation through the capillary bed, are determined. For the first time, imaging speed and motion sensitivity are sufficient for a direct measurement of pulse waves propagating with more than 600 mm/s in retinal vessels of a healthy young subject.},
   keywords = {Optical coherence tomography
Ophthalmology
Time-resolved imaging
Functional monitoring and imaging},
   DOI = {10.1364/OL.40.004771},
   url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-40-20-4771},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{10.1167/iovs.15-16670,
    author = {Mohler, Kathrin J. and Draxinger, Wolfgang and Klein, Thomas and Kolb, Jan Philip and Wieser, Wolfgang and Haritoglou, Christos and Kampik, Anselm and Fujimoto, James G. and Neubauer, Aljoscha S. and Huber, Robert and Wolf, Armin},
    title = "{Combined 60° Wide-Field Choroidal Thickness Maps and High-Definition En Face Vasculature Visualization Using Swept-Source Megahertz OCT at 1050 nm}",
    journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
    volume = {56},
    number = {11},
    pages = {6284-6293},
    year = {2015},
    month = {10},
    abstract = "{   To demonstrate ultrahigh-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) at 1.68 million A-scans/s for choroidal imaging in normal and diseased eyes over a ∼60° field of view. To investigate and correlate wide-field three-dimensional (3D) choroidal thickness (ChT) and vascular patterns using ChT maps and coregistered high-definition en face images extracted from a single densely sampled Megahertz-OCT (MHz-OCT) dataset.    High-definition, ∼60° wide-field 3D datasets consisting of 2088 × 1024 A-scans were acquired using a 1.68 MHz prototype SS-OCT system at 1050 nm based on a Fourier-domain mode-locked laser. Nine subjects (nine eyes) with various chorioretinal diseases or without ocular pathology are presented. Coregistered ChT maps, choroidal summation maps, and depth-resolved en face images referenced to either the retinal pigment epithelium or the choroidal–scleral interface were generated using manual segmentation.    Wide-field ChT maps showed a large inter- and intraindividual variance in peripheral and central ChT. In only four of the nine eyes, the location with the largest ChT was coincident with the fovea. The anatomy of the large lumen vessels of the outer choroid seems to play a major role in determining the global ChT pattern. Focal ChT changes with large thickness gradients were observed in some eyes.    Different ChT and vascular patterns could be visualized over ∼60° in patients for the first time using OCT. Due to focal ChT changes, a high density of thickness measurements may be favorable. High-definition depth-resolved en face images are complementary to cross sections and thickness maps and enhance the interpretation of different ChT patterns.  }",
    issn = {1552-5783},
    doi = {10.1167/iovs.15-16670},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.15-16670},
    eprint = {https://arvojournals.org/arvo/content\_public/journal/iovs/934564/i1552-5783-56-11-6284.pdf},
}

@article{Diddens-Tschoeke2015,
   author = {Diddens-Tschoeke, Heyke C. and Hüttmann, Gereon and Gruber, Achim D. and Pottier, Roy H. and Hanken, Henning},
   title = {Localized thermal tumor destruction using dye-enhanced photothermal tumor therapy},
   journal = {Lasers in Surgery and Medicine},
   pages = {n/a-n/a},
   keywords = {photothermal therapy
naphthalocyanine derivative
in-vivo
laser
dye-enhanced},
   ISSN = {1096-9101},
   DOI = {10.1002/lsm.22356},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.22356},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Reznicek2015,
   author = {Reznicek, Lukas and Kolb, Jan P. and Klein, Thomas and Mohler, Kathrin J. and Wieser, Wolfgang and Huber, Robert and Kernt, Marcus and Märtz, Josef and Neubauer, Aljoscha S.},
   title = {Wide-Field Megahertz OCT Imaging of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy},
   journal = {Journal of Diabetes Research},
   volume = {2015, Article ID 305084},
   pages = {1-5},
   DOI = {10.1155/2015/305084},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/305084},
   year = {2015},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
   type = {Journal Article}

}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2183768,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Wolfgang Draxinger and Robert Huber},
title = {{High definition in vivo retinal volumetric video rate OCT at 0.6 Giga-voxels per second}},
volume = {9541},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media},
editor = {Brett E. Bouma and Maciej Wojtkowski},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {95410Z},
abstract = {We present full volumetric high speed OCT imaging of the retina with multiple settings varying in volume size and volume rate. The volume size ranges from 255x255 A-scans to 160x40 A-scans with 450 samples per depth scan with volume rates varying between 20.8 V/s for the largest volumes to 195.2 V/s for the smallest. The system is based on a 1060nm Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser with 1.6MHz line rate. Scanning along the fast axis is performed with a 2.7 kHz or 4.3 kHz resonant scanner operated in bidirectional scanning mode, while a standard galvo scanner is used for the slow axis. The performance is analyzed with respect to various potential applications, like intraoperative OCT.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, tunable laser, Fourier domain mode locking, FDML, MHz-OCT},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2183768},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183768}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2183822,
author = {Matthias Eibl and Sebastian Karpf and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
title = {{Hyperspectral stimulated Raman microscopy with two fiber laser sources}},
volume = {9536},
booktitle = {Advanced Microscopy Techniques IV; and Neurophotonics II},
editor = {Emmanuel Beaurepaire and Peter T. C. So and Francesco Pavone and Elizabeth M. Hillman},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {953604},
abstract = {A fast all fiber based setup for stimulated Raman microscopy based on a rapidly wavelength swept cw-laser is presented. The applied Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser is a fiber ring laser, providing a continuously changing wavelength output over time. This fast swept source allows us to rapidly change the wavelength and, thereby the energy difference with respect to a single color pump laser. The pump laser is a master oscillator power amplifier based on a fiber amplified laser diode and a Raman shifter. By controlled variation of the relative timing between probe and pump laser with an arbitrary waveform generator, the Raman signals are encoded in time and they are directly acquired with a synchronized, fast analog-to-digital converter. This setup is capable of acquiring rapidly high resolution spectra (up to 0.5 cm<sup>-1</sup>) with shot noise limited sensitivity over a broadband (750 cm<sup>-1</sup> to 3150 cm<sup>-1</sup>) spectral region. Here, we show the performance of this system for imaging in the CH-stretch region around 3000 cm<sup>-1</sup> and in the fingerprint region around 1600 cm<sup>-1</sup>. We present hyperspectral images of a plant stem slice with molecular contrast of lignin and a lipid representative as well as images of PS (polystyrene) and PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate) beads with an acquisition speed of 18 &mu;s per spectral point.},
keywords = {stimulated Raman, multiphoton, microscopy, coherent Raman, fiber laser, FDML, TICO, hyperspectral},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2183822},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183822}
}

@article{Schulz-Hildebrandt2015,
   author = {Schulz-Hildebrandt, H. and Pieper, M. and König, P. and Hüttmann, G.},
   title = {Improved endoscopic optical coherence microscopy for imaging of humans airways in patients},
   journal = {Pneumologie},
   volume = {69},
   number = {07},
   pages = {A49},
   ISSN = {0934-8387},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-0035-1556641},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2183854,
author = {Sebastian Karpf and Matthias Eibl and Robert Huber},
title = {{Nanosecond two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging with a multi color fiber MOPA laser}},
volume = {9536},
booktitle = {Advanced Microscopy Techniques IV; and Neurophotonics II},
editor = {Emmanuel Beaurepaire and Peter T. C. So and Francesco Pavone and Elizabeth M. Hillman},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {953616},
abstract = {A system is presented that uses a fiber based Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) with nanosecond-range pulses for two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) imaging. The robust laser in the extended near infrared is based on an actively modulated electro-optical modulator (EOM), enabling free synchronization of the pulses to any other light source or detection unit. Pulses with a freely programmable duration between 0.4 and 10 ns are generated and then amplified to up to kilowatts of peak power with ytterbium doped fiber amplifiers (YDFA). Since we achieve peak power and duty cycles comparable to standard femto- and picosecond setups, the TPEF signal levels are similar, but realized with a robust and inexpensive fiber-based setup. The delivery fiber is further used as an optional, electronically controllable Raman shifter to effectively shift the 1064 nm light to 1122 nm and to 1186 nm. This allows imaging of a manifold of fluorophores, like e.g. TexasRed, mCherry, mRaspberry and many more. We show TPEF imaging of the autofluorescence of plant leaves of moss and algae, acquired in epi-direction. This modular laser unit can be integrated into existing systems as either a fiber-based, alignment free excitation laser or an extension for multi-modal imaging.},
keywords = {multi-photon imaging, TPEF, MOPA, TPA, fiber laser, Raman shifter, non-linear imaging, multi-modal imaging},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2183854},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183854}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2183431,
author = {Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Draxinger and Robert Huber},
title = {{Fully automated 1.5 MHz FDML laser with more than 100mW output power at 1310 nm}},
volume = {9541},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media},
editor = {Brett E. Bouma and Maciej Wojtkowski},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {954116},
abstract = {While FDML lasers with MHz sweep speeds have been presented five years ago, these devices have required manual control for startup and operation. Here, we present a fully self-starting and continuously regulated FDML laser with a sweep rate of 1.5 MHz. The laser operates over a sweep range of 115 nm centered at 1315 nm, and provides very high average output power of more than 100 mW. We characterize the laser performance, roll-off, coherence length and investigate the wavelength and phase stability of the laser output under changing environmental conditions. The high output power allows optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging with an OCT sensitivity of 108 dB at 1.5 MHz.},
keywords = {OCT, optical coherence tomography, swept laser, wavelength-swept laser, fiber laser, MHz-OCT, Fourier-domain mode-locking, FDML},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2183431},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183431}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2183859,
author = {Sebastian Karpf and Matthias Eibl and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
title = {{Time-encoded Raman scattering (TICO-Raman) with Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) lasers}},
volume = {9541},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media},
editor = {Brett E. Bouma and Maciej Wojtkowski},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {95410F},
abstract = {We present a new concept for performing stimulated Raman spectroscopy and microscopy by employing rapidly wavelength swept Fourier Domain Mode locked (FDML) lasers [1]. FDML lasers are known for fastest imaging in swept-source optical coherence tomography [2, 3]. We employ this continuous and repetitive wavelength sweep to generate broadband, high resolution stimulated Raman spectra with a new, time-encoded (TICO) concept [4]. This allows for encoding and detecting the stimulated Raman gain on the FDML laser intensity directly in time. Therefore we use actively modulated pump lasers, which are electronically synchronized to the FDML laser, in combination with a fast analog-to-digital converter (ADC) at 1.8 GSamples/s. We present hyperspectral Raman images with color-coded, molecular contrast.},
keywords = {swept lasers, FDML, TICO-Raman, fiber lasers, stimulated Raman microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, molecular contrast, multi-modal imaging},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2183859},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183859}
}

@article{Jirauschek:15,
author = {Christian Jirauschek and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Laser theory; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; Distributed Bragg reflectors; Laser light; Laser sources; Quantum well lasers; Swept lasers; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers},
number = {7},
pages = {2448--2465},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Wavelength shifting of intra-cavity photons: Adiabatic wavelength tuning in rapidly wavelength-swept lasers},
volume = {6},
month = {Jul},
year = {2015},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-6-7-2448},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.6.002448},
abstract = {We analyze the physics behind the newest generation of rapidly wavelength tunable sources for optical coherence tomography (OCT), retaining a single longitudinal cavity mode during operation without repeated build up of lasing. In this context, we theoretically investigate the currently existing concepts of rapidly wavelength-swept lasers based on tuning of the cavity length or refractive index, leading to an altered optical path length inside the resonator. Specifically, we consider vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirrors as well as Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) and Vernier-tuned distributed Bragg reflector (VT-DBR) lasers. Based on heuristic arguments and exact analytical solutions of Maxwell's equations for a fundamental laser resonator model, we show that adiabatic wavelength tuning is achieved, i.e., hopping between cavity modes associated with a repeated build up of lasing is avoided, and the photon number is conserved. As a consequence, no fundamental limit exists for the wavelength tuning speed, in principle enabling wide-range wavelength sweeps at arbitrary tuning speeds with narrow instantaneous linewidth.},
}

@article{Huber:15,
author = {Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Photon. News},
keywords = {Image processing; Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Medical optics and biotechnology; Optical coherence tomography; Image processing; Imaging techniques; Line scan cameras; Medical imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {6},
pages = {32--39},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {4-D Real-Time Optical Coherence Tomography},
volume = {26},
month = {Jun},
year = {2015},
url = {https://www.optica-opn.org/abstract.cfm?URI=opn-26-6-32},
doi = {10.1364/OPN.26.6.000032},
abstract = {Advances in OCT techniques, combined with the processing power of moderncomputer hardware, are adding a new dimension---time---to a familiar 3-D imaging method.The result could be new applications in research and the biomedicalclinic.},
}

@article{Jirauschek:15,
author = {Christian Jirauschek and Robert Huber},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Laser theory; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Birefringence; Polarization; Pulses; Cross phase modulation; Mode locking; Optical components; Picosecond pulses; Polarization mode dispersion; Pulse generation},
number = {10},
pages = {2385--2388},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Modeling and analysis of polarization effects in Fourier domain mode-locked lasers},
volume = {40},
month = {May},
year = {2015},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-40-10-2385},
doi = {10.1364/OL.40.002385},
abstract = {We develop a theoretical model for Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers in a non-polarization-maintaining configuration, which is the most widely used type of FDML source. This theoretical approach is applied to analyze a widely wavelength-swept FDML setup, as used for picosecond pulse generation by temporal compression of the sweeps. We demonstrate that good agreement between simulation and experiment can only be obtained by including polarization effects due to fiber bending birefringence, polarization mode dispersion, and cross-phase modulation into the theoretical model. Notably, the polarization dynamics are shown to have a beneficial effect on the instantaneous linewidth, resulting in improved coherence and thus compressibility of the wavelength-swept FDML output.},
}

@article{Kolb:15,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Thomas Klein and Corinna L. Kufner and Wolfgang Wieser and Aljoscha S. Neubauer and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Medical optics instrumentation; Lasers, fiber; Medical and biological imaging; Ophthalmic optics and devices ; Optical coherence tomography; Adaptive optics; Full field optical coherence tomography; Image quality; Imaging techniques; Laser scanning; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {5},
pages = {1534--1552},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Ultra-widefield retinal MHz-OCT imaging with up to 100 degrees viewing angle},
volume = {6},
month = {May},
year = {2015},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-6-5-1534},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.6.001534},
abstract = {We evaluate strategies to maximize the field of view (FOV) of in vivo retinal OCT imaging of human eyes. Three imaging modes are tested: Single volume imaging with 85{\textdegree} FOV as well as with 100{\textdegree} and stitching of five 60{\textdegree} images to a 100{\textdegree} mosaic (measured from the nodal point). We employ a MHz-OCT system based on a 1060nm Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser with a depth scan rate of 1.68MHz. The high speed is essential for dense isotropic sampling of the large areas. Challenges caused by the wide FOV are discussed and solutions to most issues are presented. Detailed information on the design and characterization of our sample arm optics is given. We investigate the origin of an angle dependent signal fall-off which we observe towards larger imaging angles. It is present in our 85{\textdegree} and 100{\textdegree} single volume images, but not in the mosaic. Our results suggest that 100{\textdegree} FOV OCT is possible with current swept source OCT technology.},
}

@Article{HU_2015_Karpf_a,
  Title                    = {A Time-Encoded Technique for fibre-based hyperspectral broadband stimulated Raman microscopy},
  Author                   = {Karpf, Sebastian and Eibl, Matthias and Wieser, Wolfgang and Klein, Thomas and Huber, Robert},
  Journal                  = {Nature Communications},
  Year                     = {2015},
  Volume = {6},
  pages = {6784 1--6},
keywords = {AG-Huber_NL},
  Doi                      = {10.1038/ncomms7784}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2214788,
author = {Tom Pfeiffer and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Markus Petermann and Jan-Phillip Kolb and Matthias Eibl and Robert Huber},
title = {{Flexible A-scan rate MHz OCT: computational downscaling by coherent averaging}},
volume = {9697},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XX},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {96970S},
abstract = {In order to realize fast OCT-systems with adjustable line rate, we investigate averaging of image data from an FDML based
MHz-OCT-system. The line rate can be reduced in software and traded in for increased system sensitivity and image
quality. We compare coherent and incoherent averaging to effectively scale down the system speed of a 3.2 MHz FDML
OCT system to around 100 kHz in postprocessing. We demonstrate that coherent averaging is possible with MHz systems
without special interferometer designs or digital phase stabilisation. We show OCT images of a human finger knuckle joint
in vivo with very high quality and deep penetration.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, Fourier domain mode locking, FDML, MHz OCT, averaging, tunable laser},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1117/12.2214788},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2214788}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2077659,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Philipp Schwarz and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Robert Huber},
title = {{Dual parametric compounding approach for speckle reduction in OCT}},
volume = {9312},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XIX},
editor = {James G. Fujimoto and Joseph A. Izatt and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {93123G},
abstract = {OCT as a coherent imaging technique inherently suffers from speckle. We present a new dual parametric compounding approach to reduce speckle. The approach is to acquire several OCT volumes with different numerical apertures (NAs). Then in post processing, a first spatial compounding step is performed by averaging of adjacent B-frames. In a second step data from the different volume is averaged. Retinal imaging data comparing this idea with standard spatial compounding is presented and analyzed and necessary parameters such as the required variation of the NA and number of different NAs are discussed},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, tunable laser, Fourier domain mode lockng, FDML, MHz OCT},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2077659},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2077659}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2077147,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Wolfgang Draxinger and Robert Huber},
title = {{Full volumetric video rate OCT of the posterior eye with up to 195.2 volumes/s}},
volume = {9312},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XIX},
editor = {James G. Fujimoto and Joseph A. Izatt and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {931202},
abstract = {Full volumetric high speed OCT imaging of the retina with multiple settings varying in volume size and volume rate is
presented. The volume size ranges from 255x255 A-scans to 160x40 A-scans with 450 samples per depth scan. The
volume rates vary between 20.8 V/s for the largest volumes to 195.2 V/s for the smallest. The system is based on a
1060nm Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser with 1.6MHz line rate. Scanning along the fast axis is performed
with a 2.7 kHz or 4.3 kHz resonant scanner operated in bidirectional scanning mode, while a standard galvo scanner is
used for the slow axis. The performance is analyzed with respect to various potential applications, like intraoperative
OCT.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, tunable laser, Fourier domain mode lockng, FDML, MHz OCT},
year = {2015},
doi = {10.1117/12.2077147},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2077147}
}

@inproceedings{Baade2015,
   author = {Baade, A and Schwarzer, W and Koinzer, S and Schlott, K and Birngruber, R and Brinkman, R},
   title = {Power-controlled temperature guided retinal photocoagulation },
   booktitle = {Photonic West BIOS},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083042},
year = { 2015}
}

@article{Linz2015,
   author = {Linz, Norbert and Freidank, Sebastian and Liang, Xiao-Xuan and Vogelmann, Hannes and Trickl, Thomas and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Wavelength dependence of nanosecond infrared laser-induced breakdown in water: Evidence for multiphoton initiation via an intermediate state},
   journal = {Physical Review B},
   volume = {91},
   number = {13},
   pages = {134114},
   note = {PRB},
   DOI = {doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.134114},
   url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.91.134114},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Niu2015,
   author = {Niu, C. J. and Fisher, C. and Scheffler, K. and Wan, R. and Maleki, H. and Liu, H. and Sun, Y. and A. Simmons, C. and Birngruber, R. and Lilge, L.},
   title = {Polyacrylamide gel substrates that simulate the mechanical stiffness of normal and malignant neuronal tissues increase protoporphyin IX synthesis in glioma cells},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {20(9)},
   Year = { 2015},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.JBO.20.9.098002},
  
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Steiner2015,
   author = {Steiner, Patrick and Ebneter, Andreas and Berger, Lieselotte Erika and Zinkernagel, Martin and Považay, Boris and Meier, Christoph and Kowal, Jens H. and Framme, Carsten and Brinkmann, Ralf and Wolf, Sebastian and Sznitman, Raphael},
   title = {Time-Resolved Ultra–High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography for Real-Time Monitoring of Selective Retina TherapyTime-Resolved Ultra–High Resolution OCT During SRT},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {56},
   number = {11},
   pages = {6654-6662},
   note = {10.1167/iovs.15-17151},
   abstract = {Abstract Purpose: Selective retina therapy (SRT) is a novel treatment for retinal pathologies, solely targeting the RPE. During SRT, the detection of an immediate tissue reaction is challenging, as tissue effects remain limited to intracellular RPE photodisruption. Time-resolved ultra-high axial resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) is thus evaluated for the monitoring of dynamic optical changes at and around the RPE during SRT. Methods: An experimental OCT system with an ultra-high axial resolution of 1.78 μm was combined with an SRT system and time-resolved OCT M-scans of the target area were recorded from four patients undergoing SRT. Optical coherence tomography scans were analyzed and OCT morphology was correlated with findings in fluorescein angiography, fundus photography, and cross-sectional OCT. Results: In cases in which the irradiation caused RPE damage proven by fluorescein angiography, the lesions were well discernible in time-resolved OCT images but remained invisible in fundus photography and cross-sectional OCT acquired after treatment. If RPE damage was introduced, all applied SRT pulses led to detectable signal changes in the time-resolved OCT images. The extent of optical signal variation seen in the OCT data appeared to scale with the applied SRT pulse energy. Conclusions: The first clinical results proved that successful SRT irradiation induces detectable changes in the OCT M-scan signal while it remains invisible in conventional ophthalmoscopic imaging. Thus, real-time high-resolution OCT is a promising modality to monitor and analyze tissue effects introduced by selective retina therapy and may be used to guide SRT in an automatic feedback mode (www.swissmedic.ch number, 2011-MD-0006).},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.15-17151},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hüttmann2015,
   author = {Huttmann, Gereon and Koinzer, Stefan Otto Johannes and Müller, Heike and Ellerkamp, Iris and Baade, Alex and Moltmann, Moritz and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Lange, Birgit and Brinkmann, Ralf and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Predicting ophthalmoscopic visibility of retinal photocoagulation lesions byhigh-speedOCT: an animal studyinrabbits},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {56},
   number = {7},
   pages = {5980-5980},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Koinzer2015,
   author = {Koinzer, S. and Baade, A. and Schlott, K. and Hesse, C. and Caliebe, A. and Roider, J. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Temperature-Controlled Retinal Photocoagulation Reliably Generates Uniform Subvisible, Mild, or Moderate Lesions},
   journal = {Transl Vis Sci Technol},
   volume = {4},
   number = {5},
   pages = {9},
   note = {Koinzer, Stefan
Baade, Alexander
Schlott, Kerstin
Hesse, Carola
Caliebe, Amke
Roider, Johann
Brinkmann, Ralf
Journal article
Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2015 Oct 6;4(5):9. eCollection 2015 Oct.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: Conventional retinal photocoagulation produces irregular lesions and does not allow reliable control of ophthalmoscopically invisible lesions. We applied automatically controlled retinal photocoagulation, which allows to apply uniform lesions without titration, and aimed at five different predictable lesion intensities in a study on rabbit eyes. METHODS: A conventional 532-nm photocoagulation laser was used in combination with a pulsed probe laser. They facilitated real-time fundus temperature measurements and automatic exposure time control for different predefined time/temperature dependent characteristics (TTC). We applied 225 control lesions (exposure time 200 ms) and 794 TTC lesions (5 intensities, exposure times 7-800 ms) in six rabbit eyes with variable laser power (20-66.4 mW). Starting after 2 hours, we examined fundus color and optical coherence tomographic (OCT) images over 3 months and classified lesion morphologies according to a seven-stage OCT classifier. RESULTS: Visibility rates in funduscopy (OCT) after 2 hours were 17% (68%) for TTC intensity group 1, 38% (90%) for TTC group 2 and greater than 94% (>98%) for all consecutive groups. TTC groups 1 through 4 correlated to increasing morphological lesion intensities and increasing median funduscopic and OCT diameters. Group 5 lesions were as large as, but more intense than group 4 lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Automatic, temperature controlled photocoagulation allows to apply predictable subvisible, mild, or moderate lesions without manual power titration. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: The technique will facilitate standardized, automatically controlled low and early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) intensity photocoagulation independently of the treating physician, the treated eye and lesion location.},
   keywords = {Oct
animal model
laser photocoagulation
optoacoustics
real-time temperature measurement
spectral domain
sub-visible},
   ISSN = {2164-2591 (Print)
2164-2591},
   DOI = {10.1167/tvst.4.5.9},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Klinger2017,
   author = {Klinger, A. and Krapf, L. and Orzekowsky-Schroeder, R. and Koop, N. and Vogel, A. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {Intravital autofluorescence 2-photon microscopy of murine intestinal mucosa with ultra-broadband femtosecond laser pulse excitation: image quality, photodamage, and inflammation},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   volume = {20},
   number = {11},
   pages = {116001},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.jbo.20.11.116001},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Park2015,
   author = {Park, Young Gun and Kang, Seungbum and Brinkmann, Ralf and Roh, Young-Jung},
   title = {A Comparative Study of Retinal Function in Rabbits after Panretinal Selective Retina Therapy versus Conventional Panretinal Photocoagulation},
   journal = {Journal of Ophthalmology},
   volume = {2015},
   pages = {8},
   DOI = {10.1155/2015/247259},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/247259},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Apiou-Sbirlea2015,
   author = {Apiou-Sbirlea, Gabriela and Tearney, Guillermo J. and Birngruber, Reginald and Hasan, Tayyaba and Anderson, Richard Rox},
   title = {Anatomy and physiology of translation: the academic research imperative},
   journal = {Clinical Investigation},
   volume = {5},
   number = {10},
   pages = {797-804},
   ISSN = {2041-6792},
   DOI = {10.4155/cli.15.46},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Han2015,
   author = {Han, Bing and Köhler, Karsten and Jungnickel, Kerstin and Mettin, Robert and Lauterborn, Werner and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Dynamics of laser-induced bubble pairs},
   journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics},
   volume = {771},
   pages = {706-742},
   keywords = {bubble dynamics,cavitation,jets},
   ISSN = {1469-7645},
   DOI = {doi:10.1017/jfm.2015.183},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.183},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Horstmann2015,
   title        = {Full-field speckle interferometry for non-contact photoacoustic tomography},
   author       = {Horstmann, J. and Spahr, H. and Buj, C. and Munter, M. and Brinkmann, R.},
   journal      = {Phys Med Biol},
   volume       = 60,
   number       = 10,
   pages        = {4045--58},
   note         = {1361-6560 abstract = {A full-field speckle interferometry method for non-contact and prospectively high speed Photoacoustic Tomography is introduced and evaluated as proof of concept. Thermoelastic pressure induced changes of the objects topography are acquired in a repetitive mode without any physical contact to the object. In order to obtain high acquisition speed, the object surface is illuminated by laser pulses and imaged onto a high speed camera chip. In a repetitive triple pulse mode, surface displacements can be acquired with nanometre sensitivity and an adjustable sampling rate of e.g. 20 MHz with a total acquisition time far below one second using kHz repetition rate lasers. Due to recurring interferometric referencing, the method is insensitive to thermal drift of the object due to previous pulses or other motion. The size of the investigated area and the spatial and temporal resolution of the detection are scalable. In this study, the approach is validated by measuring a silicone phantom and a porcine skin phantom with embedded silicone absorbers. The reconstruction of the absorbers is presented in 2D and 3D. The sensitivity of the measurement with respect to the photoacoustic detection is discussed. Potentially, Photoacoustic Imaging can be brought a step closer towards non-anaesthetized in vivo imaging and new medical applications not allowing acoustic contact, such as neurosurgical monitoring or burnt skin investigation.}, ISSN = {0031-9155}, DOI = {10.1088/0031-9155/60/10/4045}, year = {2015}, type = {Journal Article}}
}

@article{Kim2015,
   author = {Kim, H. D. and Han, J. W. and Ohn, Y. H. and Brinkmann, R. and Park, T. K.},
   title = {Functional evaluation using multifocal electroretinogram after selective retina therapy with a microsecond-pulsed laser},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {56},
   number = {1},
   pages = {122-31},
   note = {1552-5783
Kim, Hoon Dong
Han, Jung Woo
Ohn, Young-Hoon
Brinkmann, Ralf
Park, Tae Kwann
Journal Article
United States
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Dec 11;56(1):122-31. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-15132.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes of retinal function with multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), and estimate the association between functional and structural changes after selective retina therapy (SRT) with microsecond-pulsed laser in comparison to continuous wave laser photocoagulation (cwPC). METHODS: Selective retina therapy and cwPC were applied with 10 x 10 shots and 1/2 lesion-width on the retina in the right and left eyes of 20 healthy Chinchilla Bastard rabbits, respectively. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and mfERG were performed before, and on days 1, 7, and 30 after both laser treatments. The mean ratios of amplitudes and implicit times of N1 and P1 from eight hexagons covering laser-treated retinal lesions/total retina were measured. Histology was obtained after killing three rabbits at each time period to observe the anatomic changes after both laser treatments. RESULTS: The mean ratios of amplitudes of N1 and P1 in SRT lesions did not change significantly for 30 days after laser treatment. Only subtle reductions of the mean ratios of N1 and P1 amplitudes on day 1, thereafter the amplitudes showed the trend to recover toward baseline values. Histology and OCT revealed temporary and reversible morphologic changes after SRT, which restored to normal within 1 month. However, the mean ratios of N1 amplitudes on days 7 and 30 (P = 0.010, P < 0.001, respectively), and P1 amplitudes on days 7 and 30 (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively) declined significantly in cwPC lesions compared with baseline. Disorganization and atrophic changes were identified on histology and OCT after cwPC. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that SRT preserved retinal function as well as anatomical structure after treatment.},
   keywords = {continuous wave laser photocoagulation (cwPC)
multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG)
selective retina therapy (SRT)},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.14-15132},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Lange2015,
   author = {Lange, B. and Cordes, J. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Stone/tissue differentiation for holmium laser lithotripsy using autofluorescence},
   journal = {Lasers Surg Med},
   volume = {47},
   number = {9},
   pages = {737-44},
   note = {1096-9101
Lange, Birgit
Cordes, Jens
Brinkmann, Ralf
Journal Article
United States
Lasers Surg Med. 2015 Nov;47(9):737-44. doi: 10.1002/lsm.22418. Epub 2015 Sep 22.},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Holmium laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective method to disintegrate urinary stones of all compositions in an endoscopic procedure. However, handling and safety could be improved by a real-time feedback system permanently monitoring the position of the treatment fiber. The laser is fired only when the fiber is identified as being placed in front of stone. This work evaluates the potential of fluorescence detection with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm for this purpose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A fiber-based fluorescence measurement was set-up to acquire autofluorescence signals from several human renal calculi, artificial stones, and porcine tissue samples (renal calix and ureter). Three different approaches were investigated. First, experiments were performed with a pulsed laser source with a wavelength of 532 nm, pulse energy 36.5 +/- 1 muJ, pulse duration 1.2 +/- 0.5 nanoseconds, and a repetition rate of 1 kHz with 15 urinary concretions. In the second step, a series of measurements on 42 human urinary calculi samples was carried out using low power continuous wave excitation of 0.4 +/- 0.1 mW. Fluorescence was also measured simultaneously to stone fragmentation by holmium laser pulses (pulse energy 240 +/- 50 mJ, repetition rate 10 Hz). Finally, a modulated excitation/detection scheme (lock-in technique) was implemented to render fluorescence detection insensitive to white background light. RESULTS: Unlike porcine renal calix, ureter, and artificial stone human urinary calculi show a strong fluorescence signal when excited with 532 nm. With pulsed excitation on urinary stone (20,000 +/- 11,000) counts were registered at 587 nm with the CCD-array of a grating spectrometer in an integration time of 50 milliseconds. Tissue gave lower count rates of </=(5,500 +/- 1,100) even with longer integration times (500 milliseconds/1 second). With a cw excitation power of 0.4 mW (13,000 +/- 11,000) counts were registered in an integration time of 200 milliseconds at 587 nm (porcine renal calix: (770 +/- 340)). Modulated excitation (66 Hz) with an average power of 0.3 mW and detection with a photodiode resulted in a lock-in amplifier signal of 1.5-4.3V on stone (background and skin: <0.5V). CONCLUSION: With the lock-in technique, autofluorescence from stones can be detected with only the average excitation power of a green aiming beam overlaid to the Ho:YAG-laser beam (power </= 1 mW). Since tissue shows very little autofluorescence when excited with 532 nm, this fluorescence signal enables monitoring of the correct position of the treatment fiber during ureteroscopic procedures. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:737-744, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
   keywords = {Holmium laser
feedback control
fluorescence
laser lithotripsy},
   ISSN = {0196-8092},
   DOI = {10.1002/lsm.22418},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Spahr2015,
   author = {Spahr, Hendrik and Hain, Carola and Sudkamp, Helge and Franke, Gesa and Hillmann, Dierck and Huttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Functional Microangiography of in vivo human retina by Full-Field OCT},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {56},
   number = {7},
   pages = {5974-5974},
   abstract = { PurposeOCT based functional microangiography of the retina requires high speed acquisition of a large number of volumetric datasets. Imaging speed of conventional scanning OCT devices is limited by the applicable radiant power and the mechanics used to scan the focused beam over the desired field of view. Full-Field Swept-Source OCT (FF-SS-OCT) resolves both issues, using an areal illumination, which dramatically increases the allowed amount of radiation, and an ultrafast camera for a highly parallelized acquisition.  MethodsThe retina of healthy volunteers was illuminated with wavelengths between 816 and 867 nm by the extended beam of a tunable laser (Broadsweeper, Superlum). Retinal irradiance was below the maximum permissable exposure (MPE). Light backscattered from the retina was imaged onto an ultrafast CMOS camera (SA-Z, Photron), where it interfered with an extended reference beam. From a series of interference images at different wavelengths, volumetric OCT images of the retina were reconstructed.  ResultsWe demonstrate in vivo retinal imaging at 9.9 billion voxels per second (40 million A-scans/s with 256 axial pixels). Sacrificing depth resolution by reducing the number of axial pixels, the A-scan rate was increased to more than 1 billion A-scans per second. FF-SS-OCT allowed imaging of all important retinal structures with good quality at unprecedented imaging speed (see fig. 1). Fast volumetric imaging at up to 3000 volumes/s was used to visualize small capillaries and to analyze the pulsation of retinal arteries and veins (see fig. 2). Imaging time for an area of 4 mm x 2 mm (896 x 368 A-scans) was only 316 µs. The high volume rate and the inherent phase stability enabled quantitative measurement of the change of retinal thickness due to blood pulsation with approx. 10 nm precision. A delay of the venous pulsation with respect to the arteries was observed (approx. 11 ms). The amplitudes of higher frequency components of the venous pulsation were considerably attenuated.  ConclusionsFF-SS-OCT provides fast volumetric imaging of the retina with good image quality. The capillary network can be analyzed with high spatial and temporal resolution. Analysis of retinal pulsation may provide information on pathological changes of vessels and capillaries. Angiographic OCT acquired with the FF-SS-OCT setup. Functional angiography showing the pulsation of retinal artery and vein.},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Zarnescu2015,
   author = {Zarnescu, Livia and Leung, Michael C. and Abeyta, Michael and Sudkamp, Helge and Baer, Thomas and Behr, Barry and Ellerbee, Audrey K.},
   title = {Label-free characterization of vitrification-induced morphology changes in single-cell embryos with full-field optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {20},
   number = {9},
   pages = {096004-096004},
   note = {10.1117/1.JBO.20.9.096004},
   abstract = {Abstract.  Vitrification is an increasingly popular method of embryo cryopreservation that is used in assisted reproductive technology. Although vitrification has high post-thaw survival rates compared to other freezing techniques, its long-term effects on embryo development are still poorly understood. We demonstrate an application of full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) to visualize the effects of vitrification on live single-cell (2 pronuclear) mouse embryos without harmful labels. Using FF-OCT, we observed that vitrification causes a significant increase in the aggregation of structures within the embryo cytoplasm, consistent with reports in literature based on fluorescence techniques. We quantify the degree of aggregation with an objective metric, the cytoplasmic aggregation (CA) score, and observe a high degree of correlation between the CA scores of FF-OCT images of embryos and of fluorescence images of their mitochondria. Our results indicate that FF-OCT shows promise as a label-free assessment of the effects of vitrification on embryo mitochondria distribution. The CA score provides a quantitative metric to describe the degree to which embryos have been affected by vitrification and could aid clinicians in selecting embryos for transfer.},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.JBO.20.9.096004},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.20.9.096004},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Wang2015,
   author = {Wang, S. and Huttmann, G. and Zhang, Z. and Vogel, A. and Birngruber, R. and Tangutoori, S. and Hasan, T. and Rahmanzadeh, R.},
   title = {Light-Controlled Delivery of Monoclonal Antibodies for Targeted Photoinactivation of Ki-67},
   journal = {Mol Pharm},
   note = {1543-8392
Wang, Sijia
Huttmann, Gereon
Zhang, Zhenxi
Vogel, Alfred
Birngruber, Reginald
Tangutoori, Shifalika
Hasan, Tayyaba
Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin
Journal article
Mol Pharm. 2015 Aug 13.},
   abstract = {The selective inhibition of intracellular and nuclear molecules such as Ki-67 holds great promise for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. However, the choice of the target protein and the intracellular delivery of the functional agent remain crucial challenges. Main hurdles are (a) an effective delivery into cells, (b) endosomal escape of the delivered agents, and (c) an effective, externally triggered destruction of cells. Here we show a light-controlled two-step approach for selective cellular delivery and cell elimination of proliferating cells. Three different cell-penetrating nano constructs, including liposomes, conjugates with the nuclear localization sequence (NLS), and conjugates with the cell penetrating peptide Pep-1, delivered the light activatable antibody conjugate TuBB-9-FITC, which targets the proliferation associated protein Ki-67. HeLa cells were treated with the photosensitizer benzoporphyrin monoacid derivative (BPD) and the antibody constructs. In the first optically controlled step, activation of BPD at 690 nm triggered a controlled endosomal escape of the TuBB-9-FITC constructs. In more than 75% of Ki-67 positive, irradiated cells TuBB-9-FITC antibodies relocated within 24 h from cytoplasmic organelles to the cell nucleus and bound to Ki-67. After a second light irradiation at 490 nm, which activated FITC, cell viability decreased to approximately 13%. Our study shows an effective targeting strategy, which uses light-controlled endosomal escape and the light inactivation of Ki-67 for cell elimination. The fact that liposomal or peptide-assisted delivery give similar results leads to the additional conclusion that an effective mechanism for endosomal escape leaves greater variability for the choice of the delivery agent.},
   keywords = {endosomal entrapment
liposome
nanotechnology
nuclear localization sequence (NLS)
photodynamic therapy},
   ISSN = {1543-8384},
   DOI = {10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00260},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Ansari2015,
   author = {Ansari, R. and Buj, C. and Pieper, M. and Konig, P. and Schweikard, A. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {Micro-anatomical and functional assessment of ciliated epithelium in mouse trachea using optical coherence phase microscopy},
   journal = {Opt Express},
   volume = {23},
   number = {18},
   pages = {23217-24},
   note = {1094-4087
Ansari, Rehman
Buj, Christian
Pieper, Mario
Konig, Peter
Schweikard, Achim
Huttmann, Gereon
Journal Article
United States
Opt Express. 2015 Sep 7;23(18):23217-24. doi: 10.1364/OE.23.023217.},
   abstract = {Motile cilia perform a range of important mechanosensory and chemosensory functions, along with expulsion of mucus and inhaled pathogens from the lungs. Here we demonstrate that spectral domain optical coherence phase microscopy (SD-OCPM), which combines the principles of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal microscopy, is particularly well-suited for characterization of both morphology and the ciliary dynamics of mouse trachea. We present micro-anatomical images of mouse trachea, where different cell types can be clearly visualized. The phase contrast, which measures the sub-nanometer changes in axial optical pathlength is used to determine the frequency and direction of cilia beatings.},
   ISSN = {1094-4087},
   DOI = {10.1364/oe.23.023217},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

title = {Non-Invasive Multi-Dimensional Two-Photon Microscopy enables optical fingerprinting (TPOF) of immune cells},
journal = {Journal of Biophotonics},
volume = {8},
number = {6},
pages = {466-479},
keywords = {ocular surface, intravital two-photon microscopy, antigen presenting cells, in vivo, non invasive},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201400036},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jbio.201400036},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jbio.201400036},
abstract = {Mucosal surfaces are constantly exposed to pathogens and show high immunological activity. In a broad variety of ocular surface disorders inflammation is common, but underlying mechanisms are often not fully understood. However, the main clinical problem is that inflammatory processes are difficult to characterize and quantify due to the impossibility of repeated tissue probing of the delicate ocular surface. Therefore non-invasive optical methods are thought to have the potential for intravital investigation of ocular surface inflammation. This study demonstrates the general potential of two-photon microscopy to non-invasively detect and discriminate key players of inflammation in the ocular surface by using intrinsic fluorescence-based features without the necessity of tissue probing or the use of dyes. The use of wavelength dependent measurements of fluorescence lifetime, in addition to autofluorescence intensity enables a functional differentiation of isolated immune cells in vitro at excitation wavelengths between 710 to 830 nm. Mixed cell cultures and first in vivo results indicate the use of excitation wavelength of 710 to 750 nm for further experiments and future use in patients. Two photon based autofluorescence features of immune cells enables non-invasive differentiation.},
year = {2015}
}

@article{Framme2015,
   author = {Framme, C. and Walter, A. and Berger, L. and Prahs, P. and Alt, C. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Kowal, J. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Selective Retina Therapy in Acute and Chronic-Recurrent Central Serous Chorioretinopathy},
   journal = {Ophthalmologica},
   volume = {234},
   number = {4},
   pages = {177-88},
   note = {1423-0267
Framme, Carsten
Walter, Andreas
Berger, Lieselotte
Prahs, Philipp
Alt, Clemens
Theisen-Kunde, Dirk
Kowal, Jens
Brinkmann, Ralf
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Switzerland
Ophthalmologica. 2015;234(4):177-88. doi: 10.1159/000439188. Epub 2015 Sep 15.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: Selective retina therapy (SRT), the confined laser heating and destruction of retinal pigment epithelial cells, has been shown to treat acute types of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) successfully without damaging the photoreceptors and thus avoiding laser-induced scotoma. However, a benefit of laser treatment for chronic forms of CSC is questionable. In this study, the efficacy of SRT by means of the previously used 1.7-micros and shorter 300-ns pulse duration was evaluated for both types of CSC, also considering re-treatment for nonresponders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a two-center trial, 26 patients were treated with SRT for acute (n = 10) and chronic-recurrent CSC (n = 16). All patients presented with subretinal fluid (SRF) in OCT and leakage in fluorescein angiography (FA). SRT was performed using a prototype SRT laser system (frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YLF-laser, wavelength 527 nm) with adjustable pulse duration. The following irradiation settings were used: a train of 30 laser pulses with a repetition rate of 100 Hz and pulse durations of 300 ns and 1.7 micros, pulse energy 120-200 microJ, retinal spot size 200 microm. Because SRT lesions are invisible, FA was always performed 1 h after treatment to demonstrate laser outcome (5-8 single spots in the area of leakage). In cases where energy was too low, as indicated by missing FA leakage, energy was adjusted and the patient re-treated immediately. Observation intervals were after 4 weeks and 3 months. In case of nonimprovement of the disease after 3 months, re-treatment was considered. RESULTS: Of 10 patients with active CSC that presents focal leakage in FA, 5 had completely resolved fluid after 4 weeks and all 10 after 3 months. Mean visual acuity increased from 76.6 ETDRS letters to 85.0 ETDRS letters 3 months after SRT. Chronic-recurrent CSC was characterized by less severe SRF at baseline in OCT and weaker leakage in FA than in acute types. Visual acuity changed from baseline 71.6 to 72.8 ETDRS letters after 3 months. At this time, SRF was absent in 3 out of 16 patients (19%), FA leakage had come to a complete stop in 6 out of 16 patients (38%). In 6 of the remaining chronic CSC patients, repeated SRT with higher pulse energy was considered because of persistent leakage activity. After the re-treatment, SRF resolved completely in 5 patients (83.3%) after only 25 days. CONCLUSION: SRT showed promising results in treating acute CSC, but was less effective in chronic cases. Interestingly, re-treatment resulted in enhanced fluid resolution and dry conditions after a considerably shorter time in most patients. Therefore, SRT including re-treatment if necessary might be a valuable CSC treatment alternative even in chronic-recurrent cases.},
   ISSN = {0030-3755},
   DOI = {10.1159/000439188},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Buj2015,
   author = {Buj, C and Horstmann, J and Münter, M and Brinkman, R},
   title = {Speckle-based off-axis holographic detection for non-contact photoacoustic tomography},
   journal = {Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering},
   volume = {1},
   pages = {356-360},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@Article{HU_2014_Zhang_a,
  Title                    = {{Optical coherence tomography guided laser cochleostomy: towards the accuracy on tens of micrometer scale}},
  Author                   = {Zhang, Yaokun and Pfeiffer, Tom and Weller, Marcel and Wieser, Wolfgang and Huber, Robert and Raczkowsky, J\"{o}rg and Schipper, J\"{o}rg and W\"{o}rn, Heinz and Klenzner, Thomas},
  Journal                  = {BioMed research international},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Month                    = jan,
  Pages                    = {251814--24},
  Volume                   = {2014},
  Doi                      = {10.1155/2014/251814},
  ISSN                     = {2314-6141},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
  Url                      = {http://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/251814/}
}

@article{Wieser:14,
author = {Wolfgang Wieser and Wolfgang Draxinger and Thomas Klein and Sebastian Karpf and Tom Pfeiffer and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Endoscopic imaging; Full field optical coherence tomography; Functional imaging; Image quality; Ophthalmic imaging; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers},
number = {9},
pages = {2963--2977},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {High definition live 3D-OCT in vivo: design and evaluation of a 4D OCT engine with 1 GVoxel/s},
volume = {5},
month = {Sep},
year = {2014},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-5-9-2963},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.5.002963},
abstract = {We present a 1300 nm OCT system for volumetric real-time live OCT acquisition and visualization at 1 billion volume elements per second. All technological challenges and problems associated with such high scanning speed are discussed in detail as well as the solutions. In one configuration, the system acquires, processes and visualizes 26 volumes per second where each volume consists of 320 x 320 depth scans and each depth scan has 400 usable pixels. This is the fastest real-time OCT to date in terms of voxel rate. A 51 Hz volume rate is realized with half the frame number. In both configurations the speed can be sustained indefinitely. The OCT system uses a 1310 nm Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser operated at 3.2 MHz sweep rate. Data acquisition is performed with two dedicated digitizer cards, each running at 2.5 GS/s, hosted in a single desktop computer. Live real-time data processing and visualization are realized with custom developed software on an NVidia GTX 690 dual graphics processing unit (GPU) card. To evaluate potential future applications of such a system, we present volumetric videos captured at 26 and 51 Hz of planktonic crustaceans and skin.},
}

@inproceedings{Buj14,
   author = {Buj, C and Horstmann, J and Münter, M and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Speckle-based holographic detection for non-contact Photoacoustic Tomography},
   booktitle = {48th annual conference of the German Society for Biomedical Engineering},
   volume = {59},
   pages = {844-847},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
Year = { 2014}
}

@Article{HU_2014_Karpf_a,
  Title                    = {{Time-Encoded Raman: Fiber-based, hyperspectral, broadband stimulated Raman microscopy}},
  Author                   = {Karpf, Sebastian and Eibl, Matthias and Wieser, Wolfgang and Klein, Thomas and Huber, Robert},
  journal = {ArXiv e-prints},
  Year                     = {2014},
  Archiveprefix            = {arXiv},
  Arxivid                  = {1405.4181},
  Eprint                   = {1405.4181},
keywords = {AG-Huber_NL},
  Url                      = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.4181}
}

@article{Iwami2014,
   author = {Iwami, H. and Pruessner, J. and Shiraki, K. and Brinkmann, R. and Miura, Y.},
   title = {Protective effect of a laser-induced sub-lethal temperature rise on RPE cells from oxidative stress},
   journal = {Exp Eye Res},
   volume = {124c},
   pages = {37-47},
   note = {1096-0007
Iwami, Hisashi
Pruessner, Joachim
Shiraki, Kunihiko
Brinkmann, Ralf
Miura, Yoko
Journal article
Exp Eye Res. 2014 May 5;124C:37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.04.014.},
   abstract = {Recently introduced new technologies that enable temperature-controlled laser irradiation on the RPE allowed us to investigate temperature-resolved RPE cell responses. In this study we aimed primarily to establish an experimental setup that can realize laser irradiation on RPE cell culture with the similar temperature distribution as in the clinical application, with a precise time/temperature history. With this setup, we conducted investigations to elucidate the temperature-dependent RPE cell biochemical responses and the effect of transient hyperthermia on the responses of RPE cells to the secondary-exposed oxidative stress. Porcine RPE cells cultivated in a culture dish (inner diameter = 30 mm) with culture medium were used, on which laser radiation (lambda = 1940 nm, spot diameter = 30 mm) over 10 s was applied as a heat source. The irradiation provides a radially decreasing temperature profile which is close to a Gaussian shape with the highest temperature in the center. Power setting for irradiation was determined such that the peak temperature (Tmax) in the center of the laser spot at the cells reaches from 40 degrees C to 58 degrees C (40, 43, 46, 50, 58 degrees C). Cell viability was investigated with ethidium homodimer III staining at the time points of 3 and 24 h following laser irradiation. Twenty four hours after laser irradiation the cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 5 h, followed by the measurement of intracellular glutathione, intracellular 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) protein adducts, and secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The mean temperature threshold for RPE cell death after 3 h was found to be around 52 degrees C, and for 24 h around 50 degrees C with the current irradiation setting. A sub-lethal preconditioning on Tmax = 43 degrees C significantly induced the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, and decreased H2O2-induced increase of intracellular 4-HNE protein adducts. Although sub-lethal hyperthermia (Tmax = 40 degrees C, 43 degrees C, and 46 degrees C) caused a slight increase of VEGF secretion in 6 h directly following irradiation, secondary exposed H2O2-induced VEGF secretion was significantly reduced in the sub-lethally preheated groups, where the largest effect was seen following the irradiation with Tmax = 43 degrees C. In summary, the current results suggest that sub-lethal thermal laser irradiation on the RPE at Tmax = 43 degrees C for 10 s enhances cell defense system against oxidative stress, with increasing the GSH/GSSG ratio. Together with the results that the decreased amount of H2O2-induced 4-HNE in sub-lethally preheated RPE cells was accompanied by the lower secretion of VEGF, it is also strongly suggested that the sub-lethal hyperthermia may modify RPE cell functionality to protect RPE cells from oxidative stress and associated functional decrease, which are considered to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration and other chorioretinal degenerative diseases.},
   ISSN = {0014-4835},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.exer.2014.04.014},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@Article{HU_2014_Reznicek_a,
  Title                    = {{Megahertz ultra-wide-field swept-source retina optical coherence tomography compared to current existing imaging devices.}},
  Author                   = {Reznicek, Lukas and Klein, Thomas and Wieser, Wolfgang and Kernt, Marcus and Wolf, Armin and Haritoglou, Christos and Kampik, Anselm and Huber, Robert and Neubauer, Aljoscha S},
  Journal                  = {Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv f\"{u}r klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie},
  Year                     = {2014},

  Month                    = jun,
  Number                   = {6},
  Pages                    = {1009--16},
  Volume                   = {252},

  Doi                      = {10.1007/s00417-014-2640-4},
  ISSN                     = {1435-702X},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
  Url                      = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs00417-014-2640-4}
}

@article{Kolb2014,
   author = {Kolb, Jan Philip and Klein, Thomas and Mohler, Kathrin and Wieser, Wolfgang and Reznicek, Lukas and Kernt, Marcus and Kampik, Anselm and Neubauer, Aljoscha S. and Huber, Robert},
   title = {Widefield Megahertz (MHz) OCT of diabetic retinopathy},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {55},
   number = {13},
   pages = {5018-5018},
   abstract = { PurposeTo investigate morphological appearance of diabetic retinopathy and laser effects in panretinal laser photocoagulation with a widefield MHz OCT (60° field of view, 120° center angle).  MethodsA custom swept-source OCT device with a 1060nm Fourier-domain mode-locked laser source achieving a line rate of 1.68MHz was used to investigate 15 consecutive patients with diabetic retinopathy. Within 1.82s datasets consisting of 2088x1024 A-scans over 60° were acquired. The densely sampled three dimensional datasets were investigated in various B-Scan cross-sections as well as en-face images and 3D reconstructions. Selected findings were compared with SLO images from a widefield SLO (Optos, Dunfermeline, UK).  ResultsOn the densely sampled 3D and en-face images, hard exsudates, peripheral laser spots as well as proliferative neovascularization were readily detected. Characteristic structural changes resulting from laser burns could easily be visualized across the whole field of view in the OCT datasets. In addition, depth-scans and B-scans allowed to identify additional structural changes including IS/OS disruption, RPE detachment or neovascularisation reaching into the vitreous across the field of view.  ConclusionsThree dimensional visualization of the retina over 60° field of view with a MHz OCT is feasible in patients with diabetic retinopathy. It might allow additional clinical insights in peripheral changes such as laser spots or retinal neovascularisation. 3D reconstruction of OCT dataset of patient with diabetic retinopathy with neovascularization (green), hard exsudates (yellow), epiretinal membrane and peripheral retinal scars after panretinal laser treatment (blue). Indications with arrows are examplatory. Top: En-face of same patient as in figure 1. Red line indicates the position of B-Frame below. Retinal scars due to focal laser coagulation temporal of the fovea visible. Bottom: Neovascularisation (green) reaching into the vitreous is visible on the left side. Retinal scars especially on RPE level due to panretinal laser treatment (blue) are observable.},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/},
   year = {2014},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Klein2014,
   author = {Klein, Thomas and Draxinger, Wolfgang and Mohler, Kathrin and Kolb, Jan Philip and Wieser, Wolfgang and Kampik, Anselm and Neubauer, Aljoscha S. and Wolf, Armin and Huber, Robert},
   title = {Wide-field choroidal thickness and en-face maps of patients created with MHz-OCT},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {55},
   number = {13},
   pages = {1620-1620},
   abstract = { PurposeTo study the feasibility of simultaneous peripheral and central choroidal thickness measurement and en-face visualization in patients with a variety of diseases, using a single high-resolution wide-field MHz-OCT dataset spanning more than 50 degrees field of view.  MethodsIn this retrospective study, choroidal morphology of 29 patients imaged with MHz-OCT was assessed. MHz-OCT is a custom SS-OCT operating at 1060nm and an axial line rate of 1.68MHz. The high speed, more than 30 times faster than current commercial devices, enabled a very high resolution scan protocol of 2088x1024 A-scans over a wide field of ~60 degrees. However, due to the very high speed, signal strength is lower compared to slower devices. Hence, thickness and structure maps were only created for selected datasets: The positions of Bruch’s membrane and choroid sclera junction were determined manually by a trained observer a subset of all A-scans, from which thickness and intensity maps were created.  ResultsDespite relative low signal strength, the choroid sclera junction could be clearly observed over the entire unshadowed image area in 15 of 29 patients. Apart from shadowing, visibility of this junction shows strong variation even within a single dataset due to varying retinal thickness, eye-blinks, saccades and retinal curvature. Thus, thickness could be evaluated at least in some areas for all 29 patients, especially in the periphery. Moreover, choroidal thickness varied considerably intra- and interindividually. In two patients, abrupt changes of the choroid were observed in the temporal periphery, which may resemble morphology or imaging artifact. In addition to thickness, en-face choroidal structure maps were extracted from the segmented OCT datasets. Visibility of choroidal vasculature in these maps correlates with choroidal thickness.  ConclusionsChoroidal thickness and structure in patients could be visualized over large areas for the first time. Due to focal choroidal thickness changes with large thickness gradients, high-density scan protocols may be favorable for OCT-based investigations of the choroid. En-face images of the choroid can be extracted from these high-resolution datasets, but the influence of choroidal thickness on the image information should be taken into account. Choroidal en-face image (top), color-coded thickness map with superimposed structural image (middle) and OCT B-frame (bottom) for two eyes (A,B).},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/},
   year = {2014},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Kortuem2014,
   author = {Kortuem, Karsten Ulrich and Kolb, Jan Philip and Klein, Thomas and Mohler, Kathrin and Kampik, Anselm and Neubauer, Aljoscha S. and Wieser, Wolfgang and Huber, Robert and Haritoglou, Christos},
   title = {Wide Field MHz OCT imaging of the vitreoretinal interface},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {55},
   number = {13},
   pages = {1619-1619},
   abstract = { PurposeTo investigate changes caused by vitreoretinal interface disease with a multi-MHz OCT over a wide field of view of 60°.  MethodsWe used custom swept-source OCT device with a 1060nm Fourier-domain mode-locked laser source achieving a line rate of 1.68MHz. Within 1.82s datasets consisting of 2088x1024 A-scans over 60° were acquired from 5 patients with vitreoretinal traction due to VMTS and 3 patients with vascular pathology. The densely sampled three dimensional datasets were investigated in B-Scan cross-sections as well as en-face images and 3D reconstructions.  ResultsVitreoretinal traction could be imaged well in most of the cases, although the current sensitivity of the system limited image quality. Across the whole 60° field of view in the OCT datasets vitreoretinal tractions could be topographically assessed, always including the macula and optic disc, where vitreous anchorage could be shown. By means of the depth-scans as part of the 3D OCT volume we could image traction-associated retinal changes such as retinal elevation or RPE detachment.  ConclusionsThis unique three dimensional visualization of the retina over 60° field of view with a MHz OCT is feasible in patients with vitreoretinal interface disease and might offer additional clinical insights on the three-dimensional topology of tractional changes. Three dimensional Wide Field MHz OCT retinal and vitreous visualization.},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/},
   year = {2014},
keywords = {AG-Huber_OCT},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Miura2014,
   author = {Yoko, Miura},
   title = {Retinal Laser Therapy: Recent Unique Developments Behind the Brilliant Front Stage of Anti-VEGF Treatment},
   journal = {J Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
   volume = {5},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1-2},
   note = {-},
   DOI = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9570.1000e114},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Rohde2014,
   author = {Rohde, Ingo and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Gain broadening and mode-locking in overcoupled second harmonic Q-switched microsecond pulses},
   journal = {Journal of Optics},
   volume = {16},
   number = {10},
   pages = {105209},
   abstract = {An intracavity frequency doubled, Q-switched Nd:YLF emitting at a wavelength of 527 nm was designed with the goal to temporally stretch the Q-switched pulses up to some microseconds at pulse energies of several millijoules. With different resonator configurations pulse durations between 12 μ s and 3 μ s with energies of 1 mJ–4.5 mJ have been achieved, which is demanded for an application in ophthalmology. For tighter intracavity foci and high pump power, however, strong power modulations by trains of picosecond pulses on the rear flank of the microsecond pulses were observed, indicating the occurrence of cascading nonlinearities and mode-locking. Simultaneously a significant increase of the fundamental spectrum up to 5 nm was found. A similar effect, which is referred to as gain broadening, has previously been observed by using ppKTP for intracavity second harmonic generation. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first observation of this effect with unpoled second harmonic media.},
   ISSN = {2040-8986},
   url = {http://stacks.iop.org/2040-8986/16/i=10/a=105209},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Guder2014,
   author = {Guder, Ellen and Lankenau, Eva and Fleischhauer, F. and Schulz-Hildebrandt, H. and Hüttmann, G. and Pau, H. W. and Just, Tino},
   title = {Microanatomy of the tympanic membrane in chronic myringitis obtained with optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology},
   pages = {1-7},
   keywords = {Optical coherence tomography
Tympanic membrane
Chronic myringitis},
   ISSN = {0937-4477},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00405-014-3373-z},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-014-3373-z},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Rudolf2014,
   author = {Rudolf, M. and Mohi, A. and Dettbarn, M. C. and Miura, Y. and Aherrahrou, Z. and Ranjbar, M. and Mutus, B. and Knobloch, J. K.},
   title = {Detection of esterified cholesterol in murine Bruch's membrane wholemounts with a perfringolysin O-based cholesterol marker},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {55},
   number = {8},
   pages = {4759-67},
   note = {1552-5783
Rudolf, Martin
Mohi, Armin
Dettbarn, Marie C
Miura, Yoko
Aherrahrou, Zouhair
Ranjbar, Mahdy
Mutus, Bulent
Knobloch, Johannes K M
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
United States
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Jul 1;55(8):4759-67. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-14311.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of Bruch's membrane (BrM) neutral lipid deposition in mouse models and its significance to aging and age-related macular degeneration, it is essential to reliably detect small quantities of neutral lipids including esterified cholesterol (EC). In chorioretinal sections and BrM wholemounts, we tested a novel fluorescent cholesterol marker based on the bacterial toxin perfringolysin O (PFO) and compared results with those obtained with the classic cholesterol dye filipin. METHODS: An engineered plasmid containing the specific cholesterol binding domain (D4) of PFO fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) was expressed in cultured E. coli, isolated, purified, and concentrated. A total of 150 BrM-choroid wholemounts and chorioretinal sections of 11- to 13-month-old ApoE(null) mice were prepared and stained with PFO/D4-GFP or filipin for EC. Samples were examined by epifluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: The fluorescence intensity of PFO/D4-GFP was strong, stable, and, if small quantities of EC were present, superior to filipin. In all specimens, we could sharply locate the PFO/D4-GFP signal to BrM. A semiquantitative evaluation of BrM lipid deposition is possible by measuring PFO/D4-GFP fluorescence intensity. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PFO/D4-GFP allowed a robust and direct detection of EC in aged murine BrM. In wholemount samples, its strong and stable fluorescence facilitated a semiquantitative evaluation of BrM-EC content over a large area. The patterns of EC deposition in murine BrM wholemounts are comparable with findings in human BrM wholemounts. Perfringolysin O/D4-GFP could be an important tool for investigating the effects of BrM lipid deposition in mouse models.},
   keywords = {Aging/*metabolism/pathology
Animals
Bacterial Toxins
Bruch Membrane/*metabolism/ultrastructure
Cells, Cultured
Cholesterol Esters/*metabolism
Clostridium perfringens
Disease Models, Animal
Feasibility Studies
Female
Hemolysin Proteins/*diagnostic use
Humans
Macular Degeneration/*diagnosis/metabolism
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.14-14311},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Koinzer2014,
   title        = {Comprehensive detection, grading, and growth behavior evaluation of subthreshold and low intensity photocoagulation lesions by optical coherence tomographic and infrared image analysis},
   author       = {Koinzer, S. and Caliebe, A. and Portz, L. and Saeger, M. and Miura, Y. and Schlott, K. and Brinkmann, R. and Roider, J.},
   year         = 2014,
   journal      = {Biomed Res Int},
   volume       = 2014,
   pages        = 492679,
   doi          = {10.1155/2014/492679},
   url          = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/492679},
   note         = {2314-6141 Koinzer, Stefan Caliebe, Amke Portz, Lea Saeger, Mark Miura, Yoko Schlott, Kerstin Brinkmann, Ralf Roider, Johann Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:492679. doi: 10.1155/2014/492679. Epub 2014 May 12.},
   abstract     = {PURPOSE: To correlate the long-term clinical effect of photocoagulation lesions after 6 months, as measured by their retinal damage size, to exposure parameters. We used optical coherence tomographic (OCT)-based lesion classes in order to detect and assess clinically invisible and mild lesions. METHODS: In this prospective study, 488 photocoagulation lesions were imaged in 20 patients. We varied irradiation diameters (100/300 microm), exposure-times (20-200 ms), and power. Intensities were classified in OCT images after one hour, and we evaluated OCT and infrared (IR) images over six months after exposure. RESULTS: For six consecutive OCT-based lesion classes, the following parameters increased with the class: ophthalmoscopic, OCT and IR visibility rate, fundus and OCT diameter, and IR area, but not irradiation power. OCT diameters correlated with exposure-time, irradiation diameter, and OCT class. OCT classes discriminated the largest bandwidth of OCT diameters. CONCLUSION: OCT classes represent objective and valid endpoints of photocoagulation intensity even for "subthreshold" intensities. They are suitable to calculate the treated retinal area. As the area is critical for treatment efficacy, OCT classes are useful to define treatment intensity, calculate necessary lesion numbers, and universally categorize lesions in clinical studies.},
   type         = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Koinzer2014,
title        = {Calibration of histological retina specimens after fixation in Margo's solution and paraffin embedding to in-vivo dimensions, using photography and optical coherence tomography},
author       = {Koinzer, S. and Bajorat, S. and Hesse, C. and Caliebe, A. and Bever, M. and Brinkmann, R. and Roecken, C. and Roider, J.},
year         = 2014,
journal      = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
volume       = 252,
number       = 1,
pages        = {145--53},
doi          = {10.1007/s00417-013-2457-6},
issn         = {0721-832x},
note         = {1435-702x Koinzer, Stefan Bajorat, Sandra Hesse, Carola Caliebe, Amke Bever, Marco Brinkmann, Ralf Roecken, Christoph Roider, Johann Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Germany Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014 Jan;252(1):145-53. doi: 10.1007/s00417-013-2457-6. Epub 2013 Sep 14.},
abstract     = {BACKGROUND: The extent of retinal tissue deformation by histological processing needs to be separately measured for every workup protocol. This work presents a simple approach for its quantitative assessment, and shows lateral and axial scaling factors for a common protocol. We calibrated histological measurements by in-vivo photographic and optical coherence tomographic (OCT) measurements, using retinal photocoagulation lesions as calibration markers. METHODS: We evaluated four rabbit eyes that were examined histologically after fixation in Margo's solution(1% paraformaldehyde:1.25% glutaraldehyde), isopropanol dehydration, paraffin embedding and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Distances between 51 pairs of laser lesions were compared in photographs and on histological slides. Retinal thickness measurements were performed at 15 anatomically defined sites in these eyes, and related to anatomically matched OCT thickness measurements of six different rabbit eyes. RESULTS: We found that the ratio of histological over photographic lesion distances was 1.17 (95% CI 1.13-1.22), indicating 17% lateral retinal stretching or expansion by the processing. Thickness measurements in histology were 65.6% of the in-vivo thickness as measured in OCT, indicating 1/3 axial tissue compression or shrinkage. CONCLUSIONS: We provide an analysis of retinal tissue deformation after fixation in Margo's solution and paraffin embedding. In spite of protocol optimization for reduced tissue deformation, the workup caused 1/3 axial compression/shrinkage and 17% lateral elongation, which was unexpected. We show a simple way how to calibrate retina specimens by fundus photography and OCT, two methods that are readily available to most ophthalmologists. Our findings underline the necessity to calibrate specimens prior to morphometry.},
keywords     = {Animals Calibration *Histological Techniques Laser Coagulation *Paraffin Embedding Photography/*methods Rabbits *Retina *Tissue Fixation Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods},
type         = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Eibl:14,
author = {Matthias Eibl and Sebastian Karpf and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
booktitle = {CLEO: 2014},
journal = {CLEO: 2014},
keywords = {Lasers, tunable; Scattering, stimulated Raman; Spectroscopy, Raman; Laser light; Laser sources; Master oscillator power amplifiers; Raman spectroscopy; Self phase modulation; Stimulated Raman scattering},
pages = {ATu3P.4},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Broadband, High Resolution Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy with Rapidly Wavelength Swept cw-Lasers},
year = {2014},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_AT-2014-ATu3P.4},
doi = {10.1364/CLEO_AT.2014.ATu3P.4},
abstract = {A fast all fiber based setup for stimulated Raman spectroscopy with a rapidly wavelength swept cw-laser is presented. It enables flexible acquisition of broadband (750 cm{\textminus}1 to 3150 cm{\textminus}1) spectra with high resolution (0.5 cm{\textminus}1).},
}

@article{Vogel2014,
   author = {Vogel, A and Freidank, S and Linz, N },
   title = {Alternativen zur Femtosekundentechnologie: UV Subnanosekunden-pulse und Ringfoki für LASIK Flaperzeugung (at press)},
   journal = {Ophthalomologe },
   volume = {111},
   number = {6},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Rohde2014,
   author = {Rohde, I. and Masch, J. M. and Theisen-Kunde, D. and Marczynski-Bühlow, M. and Bombien Quaden, R. and Lutter, G. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Resection of Calcified Aortic Heart Leaflets In Vitro by Q-Switched 2 µm Microsecond Laser Radiation},
   journal = {Journal of Cardiac Surgery},
   volume = {30},
   number = {2},
   pages = {157-162},
   ISSN = {1540-8191},
   DOI = {10.1111/jocs.12481},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocs.12481},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Karpf:14,
author = {Sebastian Karpf and Matthias Eibl and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
booktitle = {CLEO: 2014},
journal = {CLEO: 2014},
keywords = {Lasers, tunable; Scattering, stimulated Raman; Raman microscopy; Biological imaging; Medical imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Raman microscopy; Raman scattering; Swept lasers},
pages = {SM3P.3},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Microscopy with Fiber-based, Rapidly Wavelength Swept cw-Lasers},
year = {2014},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_SI-2014-SM3P.3},
doi = {10.1364/CLEO_SI.2014.SM3P.3},
abstract = {A hyperspectral stimulated Raman microscopy system using rapidly wavelength swept lasers is presented. Imaging of biological samples with shot noise limited detection is demonstrated with the fiber based setup.},
}

@article{Ansari2014,
   author = {Ansari, Rehman and Myrtus, Christian and Aherrahrou, Redouane and Erdmann, Jeanette and Schweikard, Achim and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed spectral domain optical coherence phase microscopy},
   journal = {Optics Letters},
   volume = {39},
   number = {1},
   pages = {45-47},
   abstract = {We present an ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed spectral domain optical coherence phase microscopy (SD-OCPM) system that combines submicrometer transverse spatial resolution and subnanometer optical path length sensitivity, with an acquisition speed of over 217,000  voxels/s. The proposed SD-OCPM system overcomes two significant drawbacks of traditional common-path interferometers—limited transverse spatial resolution and suboptimal detection sensitivity—while maintaining phase stability that is comparable with common-path interferometer setups. The transverse and axial spatial resolution of the setup is measured to be 0.6 and 1.9 μm, respectively, with a phase sensitivity of 0.0027 rad (corresponds to optical path length sensitivity of 110 pm). High-speed acquisition allows for phase-sensitive 4D imaging of biological samples with subcellular resolution.},
   keywords = {Microscopy
Coherence imaging
Three-dimensional microscopy},
   DOI = {10.1364/OL.39.000045},
   url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-39-1-45},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Evers2014,
   author = {Evers, M. and Ha, L. and Welford, D. and Birngruber, R. and Manstein, D.},
   title = {Wavelength-Dependence of Fractional Ablations in Biological Materials Using a Tunable Cr2+:Znse/S Infrared Laser},
   journal = {Lasers in Surgery and Medicine},
   volume = {46},
   pages = {38-39},
   note = {Suppl. 25
Ad2hq
119
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0196-8092},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000333055800109},
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article {Steven900,
	author = {Philipp Steven and Carolin Le Blanc and Eva Lankenau and Marc Krug and Stefan Oelckers and Ludwig M Heindl and Uta Gehlsen and Gereon Huettmann and Claus Cursiefen},
	title = {Optimising deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) using intraoperative online optical coherence tomography (iOCT)},
	volume = {98},
	number = {7},
	pages = {900--904},
	year = {2014},
	doi = {10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304585},
	publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd},
	abstract = {Background/aims To describe the use of intraoperative online optical coherence tomography (iOCT) for improving deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) surgery. Methods Retrospective case series of 6 eyes of 6 male patients with keratokonus, corneal dystrophy or herpetic stromal scars undergoing DALK were investigated using intraoperative optical coherence tomography and postsurgical image/video analysis. Main outcome measures were: visibility of surgical steps, especially, assessment of placement depth of injection needle, preparation of bare Descemet{\textquoteright}s membrane and drainage of interface fluid. Results iOCT enables real-time visualisation of all surgical steps of DALK procedure in all patients. Placement of air injection needle above Descemet{\textquoteright}s membrane was reliably monitored as was presence of bare Descemet{\textquoteright}s membrane and potential interface fluid. Conclusions iOCT assists with visualisation of injection needle placement and with assessment of bare Descemet{\textquoteright}s membrane as well as interface fluid during the DALK procedure. Overall iOCT may be a helpful device that supports surgeons in all steps of DALK procedure.},
	issn = {0007-1161},
	URL = {https://bjo.bmj.com/content/98/7/900},
	eprint = {https://bjo.bmj.com/content/98/7/900.full.pdf},
	journal = {British Journal of Ophthalmology}
}

@book{Strauch2015,
   author = {Strauch, M;Livshits, I L;Bociort, F and Urbach, H P},
   title = {Wide-angle spectral imaging using a Fabry-Pérot interferometer},
   volume = {10},
   series = {2015},
   ISBN = {1990-2573|escape}},
   url = {https://www.jeos.org/index.php/jeos_rp/article/view/15037%J Journal of the European Optical Society - Rapid publications},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Book}
}

@inproceedings{
   author = {Horstmann, J and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Optical full-field holographic detection system for non-contact photoacoustic tomography},
   publisher = {Proc. SPIE},
year = {2014},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@article{Li2014,
   author = {Li, Z. X. and Roussakis, E. and Koolen, P. G. L. and Ibrahim, A. M. S. and Kim, K. and Rose, L. F. and Wu, J. and Nichols, A. J. and Baek, Y. and Birngruber, R. and Apiou-Sbirlea, G. and Matyal, R. and Huang, T. and Chan, R. and Lin, S. J. and Evans, C. L.},
   title = {Non-invasive transdermal two-dimensional mapping of cutaneous oxygenation with a rapid-drying liquid bandage},
   journal = {Biomedical Optics Express},
   volume = {5},
   number = {11},
   pages = {3748-3764},
   ISSN = {2156-7085},
   DOI = {10.1364/Boe.5.003748},
  
   year = {2014},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@Article{HU_2014_Wieser_b,
  Title                    = {{A 4-D OCT Engine with 1 GVoxel/s}},
  Author                   = {Wieser, Wolfgang and Draxinger, Wolfgang and Klein, Thomas and Karpf, Sebastian and Pfeiffer, Tom and Huber, Robert},
  Journal                  = {Optics and Photonics News},
  Year                     = {2014},

  Month                    = dec,
  Number                   = {12},
  Pages                    = {36 },
  Volume                   = {25},
keywords = {AG-Huber_FDML, AG-Huber_OCT},

  Publisher                = {OSA},
  Url                      = { http://www.osa-opn.org/home/articles/volume_25/december_2014/extras/a_4-d_oct_engine_with_1_gvoxel_s/#.VcH21Pl5raw}
}

@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0081499,
    doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0081499},
    author = {Choi, WooJhon AND Mohler, Kathrin J. AND Potsaid, Benjamin AND Lu, Chen D. AND Liu, Jonathan J. AND Jayaraman, Vijaysekhar AND Cable, Alex E. AND Duker, Jay S. AND Huber, Robert AND Fujimoto, James G.},
    journal = {PLOS ONE},
    publisher = {Public Library of Science},
    title = {Choriocapillaris and Choroidal Microvasculature Imaging with Ultrahigh Speed OCT Angiography},
    year = {2013},
    month = {12},
    volume = {8},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081499},
    pages = {1-8},
    abstract = {We demonstrate in vivo choriocapillaris and choroidal microvasculature imaging in normal human subjects using optical coherence tomography (OCT). An ultrahigh speed swept source OCT prototype at 1060 nm wavelengths with a 400 kHz A-scan rate is developed for three-dimensional ultrahigh speed imaging of the posterior eye. OCT angiography is used to image three-dimensional vascular structure without the need for exogenous fluorophores by detecting erythrocyte motion contrast between OCT intensity cross-sectional images acquired rapidly and repeatedly from the same location on the retina. En face OCT angiograms of the choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature are visualized by acquiring cross-sectional OCT angiograms volumetrically via raster scanning and segmenting the three-dimensional angiographic data at multiple depths below the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Fine microvasculature of the choriocapillaris, as well as tightly packed networks of feeding arterioles and draining venules, can be visualized at different en face depths. Panoramic ultra-wide field stitched OCT angiograms of the choriocapillaris spanning ∼32 mm on the retina show distinct vascular structures at different fundus locations. Isolated smaller fields at the central fovea and ∼6 mm nasal to the fovea at the depths of the choriocapillaris and Sattler's layer show vasculature structures consistent with established architectural morphology from histological and electron micrograph corrosion casting studies. Choriocapillaris imaging was performed in eight healthy volunteers with OCT angiograms successfully acquired from all subjects. These results demonstrate the feasibility of ultrahigh speed OCT for in vivo dye-free choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature imaging, in addition to conventional structural imaging.},
    number = {12},

}

@article{10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.4672,
    author = {Steven, Philipp and Le Blanc, Carolin and Velten, Kai and Lankenau, Eva and Krug, Marc and Oelckers, Stefan and Heindl, Ludwig M. and Gehlsen, Uta and Hüttmann, Gereon and Cursiefen, Claus},
    title = "{Optimizing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography}",
    journal = {JAMA Ophthalmology},
    volume = {131},
    number = {9},
    pages = {1135-1142},
    year = {2013},
    month = {09},
    abstract = "{Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is a challenging procedure for the surgeon, particularly because of deficient visibility of the delicate tissue due to the natural en face view through the operating microscope. A cross-sectional view would greatly enhance intraoperative overview and enable the surgeon to better control the procedure.  To retrospectively analyze the use of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) for improving the safety of DMEK.Intraoperative OCT during DMEK was performed in 26 eyes of 26 patients. We retrospectively analyzed imaging and video data. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne.Seven men and 19 women aged 39 to 93 years with corneal endothelial dysfunction undergoing DMEK.Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty.Visibility of surgical steps, overall duration of DMEK, overall time for complete intraoperative air filling of the anterior chamber, and correlation between donor age and Descemet rolling behavior.Intraoperative OCT enables visualization of all steps of the DMEK procedure. Overall mean (SD) duration of the DMEK procedure was 25.7 (6.9) minutes when using iOCT. Overall mean (SD) complete intraoperative anterior chamber air-filling time was 236 (108) seconds in contrast to 60 to 90 minutes for standard air-filling time. Descemet membrane rolling behavior showed significant inverse correlation between donor age (range, 39-93 years) and the extent of rolling (R2 = 0.5 [P = .006]).Intraoperative OCT enhances the visibility of graft orientation and unfolding, thereby improving safety of the DMEK procedure. Overall, iOCT is a helpful device that may support surgeons in all steps of DMEK procedures.}",
    issn = {2168-6165},
    doi = {10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.4672},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.4672},
    eprint = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/articlepdf/1708786/eoi130143.pdf},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2033174,
author = {B. Olzowy and N. Starke and T. Schuldt and G. H{\"u}ttmann and E. Lankenau and T. Just},
title = {{Optical coherence tomography and confocal endomicroscopy for rhinologic pathologies: a pilot study}},
volume = {8805},
booktitle = {Head and Neck Optical Diagnostics},
editor = {Christian Betz and Brian J. F. Wong M.D.},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {880505},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, inverted papilloma , chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, mucociliary function, ciliated epithelium},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1117/12.2033174},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2033174}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2032723,
author = {Tianshi Wang and Wolfgang Wieser and Geert Springeling and Robert Beurskens and Charles T. Lancee and Tom Pfeiffer and Antonius F. W. van der Steen and Robert Huber and Gijs van Soest},
title = {{Ultrahigh-speed intravascular optical coherence tomography imaging at 3200 frames per second}},
volume = {8802},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Techniques VI},
editor = {Brett E. Bouma and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {88020O},
abstract = {We demonstrated intravascular OCT imaging with frame rate up to 3.2 kHz (192,000 rpm scanning). This was achieved by
using a custom-built catheter in which the circumferential scanning was actuated by a 1.0 mm diameter synchronous
motor. The OCT system was based on a Fourier Domain Mode Locked laser operating at an A-line rate of 1.6 MHz. The
diameter of the catheter was 1.1 mm at the tip. Ex vivo images of human coronary artery (~78.4 mm length) were acquired
at a pullback speed of 100 mm/s. True 3D volumetric imaging of the entire artery, with adequate sampling in all
dimensions, was performed in < 1 second acquisition time.},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1117/12.2032723},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2032723}
}

@inproceedings{Karpf:13,
author = {Sebastian Karpf and Matthias Eibl and Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Robert Huber},
booktitle = {CLEO: 2013},
journal = {CLEO: 2013},
keywords = {Lasers, fiber; Scattering, stimulated Raman; Spectroscopy, Raman; Fourier domain mode locking; Lasers; Optical coherence tomography; Raman lasers; Raman spectroscopy; Swept lasers},
pages = {CTu2H.5},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {FDML Raman: High Speed, High Resolution Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy with Rapidly Wavelength Swept Lasers},
year = {2013},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_SI-2013-CTu2H.5},
doi = {10.1364/CLEO_SI.2013.CTu2H.5},
abstract = {An all fiber based system for high speed, high resolution Raman sensing is presented. The system is based on a wavelength swept Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) laser for the detection of the Raman signal.},
}

@Article{HU_2013_Eigenwillig_b,
  Title                    = {{Picosecond pulses from wavelength-swept continuous-wave Fourier domain mode-locked lasers}},
  Author                   = {Eigenwillig, Christoph M and Wieser, Wolfgang and Todor, Sebastian and Biedermann, Benjamin R and Klein, Thomas and Jirauschek, Christian and Huber, Robert},
  Journal                  = {Nature communications},
  Year                     = {2013},
  Month                    = jan,
  Pages                    = {1848--1855},
  Volume                   = {4},
  Doi                      = {10.1038/ncomms2870},
  ISSN                     = {2041-1723},
keywords = {AG-Huber_FDML, AG-Huber_OCT},
  Url                      = {http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v4/n5/abs/ncomms2870.html}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{6801995,
  author={Karpf, Sebastian and Eibl, Matthias and Wieser, Wolfgang and Klein, Thomas and Huber, Robert},
  booktitle={2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC}, 
  title={FDML Raman: New high resolution SRS with ultra broadband spectral coverage}, 
  year={2013},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-1},
  doi={10.1109/CLEOE-IQEC.2013.6801995}}

@INPROCEEDINGS{6801076,
  author={Eigenwillig, Christoph M. and Todor, Sebastian and Wieser, Wolfgang and Biedermann, Benjamin R. and Klein, Thomas and Jirauschek, Christian and Huber, Robert},
  booktitle={2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC}, 
  title={Picosecond pulses from a Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser}, 
  year={2013},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-1},
  doi={10.1109/CLEOE-IQEC.2013.6801076}}

@article{Wang:13,
author = {Tianshi Wang and Wolfgang Wieser and Geert Springeling and Robert Beurskens and Charles T. Lancee and Tom Pfeiffer and Antonius F. W. van der Steen and Robert Huber and Gijs van Soest},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Endoscopic imaging; Endoscopic imaging; Fourier domain mode locking; Image quality; Laser modes; Optical coherence tomography; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {10},
pages = {1715--1717},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Intravascular optical coherence tomography imaging at 3200 frames per second},
volume = {38},
month = {May},
year = {2013},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-38-10-1715},
doi = {10.1364/OL.38.001715},
abstract = {We demonstrate intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging with frame rate up to 3.2\&\#xA0;kHz (192,000\&\#xA0;rpm scanning). This was achieved by using a custom-built catheter in which the circumferential scanning was actuated by a 1.0\&\#xA0;mm diameter synchronous motor. The OCT system, with an imaging depth of 3.7\&\#xA0;mm (in air), is based on a Fourier domain mode locked laser operating at an A-line rate of 1.6\&\#xA0;MHz. The diameter of the catheter is 1.1\&\#xA0;mm at the tip. Ex vivo images of human coronary artery (78.4\&\#xA0;mm length) were acquired at a pullback speed of 100\&\#x2009;\&\#x2009;mm/s. True 3D volumetric imaging of the entire artery, with dense and isotropic sampling in all dimensions, was performed in \<1 second acquisition time.},
}

@article{LankenauKrugOelckersSchrageJustHüttmann+2013+233+239,
url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/aot-2013-0011},
title = {iOCT with surgical microscopes: a new imaging during microsurgery},
title = {},
author = {Eva Maria Lankenau and Marc Krug and Stefan Oelckers and Norbert Schrage and Tino Just and Gereon Hüttmann},
pages = {233--239},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
journal = {Advanced Optical Technologies},
doi = {doi:10.1515/aot-2013-0011},
year = {2013},
lastchecked = {2023-04-13}
}

@article{Klein:13,
author = {Thomas Klein and Raphael Andr\'{e} and Wolfgang Wieser and Tom Pfeiffer and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Speckle; Medical optics instrumentation; Medical and biological imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Functional imaging; High speed imaging; Image quality; Imaging techniques; Medical imaging; Ophthalmic imaging},
number = {4},
pages = {619--634},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Joint aperture detection for speckle reduction and increased collection efficiency in ophthalmic MHz OCT},
volume = {4},
month = {Apr},
year = {2013},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-4-4-619},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.4.000619},
abstract = {Joint-aperture optical coherence tomography (JA-OCT) is an angle-resolved OCT method, in which illumination from an active channel is simultaneously probed by several passive channels. JA-OCT increases the collection efficiency and effective sensitivity of the OCT system without increasing the power on the sample. Additionally, JA-OCT provides angular scattering information about the sample in a single acquisition, so the OCT imaging speed is not reduced. Thus, JA-OCT is especially suitable for ultra high speed in-vivo imaging. JA-OCT is compared to other angle-resolved techniques, and the relation between joint aperture imaging, adaptive optics, coherent and incoherent compounding is discussed. We present angle-resolved imaging of the human retina at an axial scan rate of 1.68 MHz, and demonstrate the benefits of JA-OCT: Speckle reduction, signal increase and suppression of specular and parasitic reflections. Moreover, in the future JA-OCT may allow for the reconstruction of the full Doppler vector and tissue discrimination by analysis of the angular scattering dependence.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2006979,
author = {Yaokun Zhang and Tom Pfeiffer and Wolfgang Wieser and Marcel Weller and Robert Huber and Thomas Klenzner and J{\"o}rg Raczkowsky and Heinz W{\"o}rn},
title = {{History compounding: a novel speckle reduction technique for OCT guided cochleostomy}},
volume = {8571},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVII},
editor = {James G. Fujimoto and Joseph A. Izatt and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {85713H},
abstract = {Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising candidate for monitoring the bottom of the drilled channel during
cochleostomy to prevent injury to the critical structure under the bone tissue. While the thickness of the overlaying bone
tissue is changed during the drilling process, the wave front of the backscattered light is also altered, resulting in
changing speckle patterns of the observed structures in the sequential historical scans. By averaging the different patterns
in these scans, named history compounding, the speckles can be reduced and the detection of critical structure becomes
much easier. Before averaging, the refractive index of bone tissue ???????? has to be compensated so that the speckles of the
same structure in different historical scans can be aligned together. An accurate method for measuring the refractive
index n<sub>b</sub> using OCT is presented. Experiments were conducted to evaluate history compounding and the new technique
is proved to be an effective, flexible and intuitive speckle reduction technique for OCT guided cochleostomy as well as
hard tissue ablation of other kind.},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, speckle reduction, refractive index, cochleostomy, hard tissue ablation},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1117/12.2006979},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2006979}
}

@article{10.1117/1.JBO.18.2.026008,
author = {Teresa Torzicky and Sebastian Marschall and Michael Pircher and Bernhard Baumann and Marco Bonesi and Stefan Zotter and Erich G{\"o}tzinger and Wolfgang Trasischker and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Robert A. Huber and Peter E. Andersen and Christoph K. Hitzenberger},
title = {{Retinal polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm with 350 kHz A-scan rate using an Fourier domain mode locked laser}},
volume = {18},
journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
number = {2},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {026008},
abstract = {We present a novel, high-speed, polarization-sensitive, optical coherence tomography set-up for retinal imaging operating at a central wavelength of 1060 nm which was tested for in vivo imaging in healthy human volunteers. We use the system in combination with a Fourier domain mode locked laser with active spectral shaping which enables the use of forward and backward sweep in order to double the imaging speed without a buffering stage. With this approach and with a custom designed data acquisition system, we show polarization-sensitive imaging with an A-scan rate of 350 kHz. The acquired three-dimensional data sets of healthy human volunteers show different polarization characteristics in the eye, such as depolarization in the retinal pigment epithelium and birefringence in retinal nerve fiber layer and sclera. The increased speed allows imaging of large volumes with reduced motion artifacts. Moreover, averaging several two-dimensional frames allows the generation of high-definition B-scans without the use of an eye-tracking system. The increased penetration depth of the system, which is caused by the longer probing beam wavelength, is beneficial for imaging choroidal and scleral structures and allows automated segmentation of these layers based on their polarization characteristics.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, Polarization, Birefringence, Imaging systems, Data acquisition, Image segmentation, Modulation, Mode locking, 3D acquisition, Retinal scanning},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1117/1.JBO.18.2.026008},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.18.2.026008}
}

@article{Xie_2013,
doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/58/3/555},
url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/58/3/555},
year = {2013},
month = {jan},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
volume = {58},
number = {3},
pages = {555},
author = {Yijing Xie and Tim Bonin and Susanne Löffler and Gereon Hüttmann and Volker Tronnier and Ulrich G Hofmann},
title = {Coronal in vivo forward-imaging of rat brain morphology with an ultra-small optical coherence tomography fiber probe},
journal = {Physics in Medicine & Biology},
abstract = {A well-established navigation method is one of the key conditions for successful brain surgery: it should be accurate, safe and online operable. Recent research shows that optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a potential solution for this application by providing a high resolution and small probe dimension. In this study a fiber-based spectral-domain OCT system utilizing a super-luminescent-diode with the center wavelength of 840 nm providing 14.5 μm axial resolution was used. A composite 125 μm diameter detecting probe with a gradient index (GRIN) fiber fused to a single mode fiber was employed. Signals were reconstructed into grayscale images by horizontally aligning A-scans from the same trajectory with different depths. The reconstructed images can display brain morphology along the entire trajectory. For scans of typical white matter, the signals showed a higher reflection of light intensity with lower penetration depth as well as a steeper attenuation rate compared to the scans typical for gray matter. Micro-structures such as axon bundles (70 μm) in the caudate nucleus are visible in the reconstructed images. This study explores the potential of OCT to be a navigation modality in brain surgery.}
}

@inproceedings{Klawitter2013,
   author = {Klawitter, Dominico and Hillmann, Dierck and Pieper, M and Steven, Philipp and Wenzel, J and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Speckle variance optical coherence tomography for
imaging microcirculation},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Universität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
url = { http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.716.940&rep=rep1&type=pdf},
year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Rohde2013,
   author = {Rohde, Ingo and Masch, Jennifer- M. and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Marczynski-Bühlow, Martin and Lutter, Georg and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Cardiovascular damage after cw and Q-switched 2μm laser irradiation},
   volume = {8803},
   pages = {88030I-88030I-6},
   note = {10.1117/12.2033550},
   abstract = {Aiming for laser-assisted resection of calcified aortic valve structures for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), a Q-switched Tm:YAG laser emitting at a wavelength of 2.01 μm was used to evaluate the cutting efficiency on highly calcified human aortic leaflets in-vitro. The calcified aortic leaflets were examined regarding ablation rates and debris generation, using a pulse energy of 4.3 mJ, a pulse duration of 0.8-1 μs and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The radiation was transmitted via a 200 μm core diameter quartz fiber. Resection was performed in a fiber-tissue contact mode on water-covered samples in a dish. The remnant particles were analyzed with respect to quantity and size by light microscopy. Additionally, soft tissue of porcine aortic vessels was examined for histologically detectable thermo-mechanical damage after continuous wave and Q-switched 2μm laser irradiation. An ablation rate of 36.7 ± 25.3 mg/min could be realised on highly calcified aortic leaflets, with 85.4% of the remnant particles being <6 μm in diameter. The maximum damaged area of the soft tissue was < 1 mm for both, cw and pulsed laser irradiation. This limits the expected collateral damage of healthy tissue during the medical procedure. Overall, the Q-switched Tm:YAG laser system showed promising results in cutting calcified aortic valves, transmitting sufficient energy through a small flexible fibre.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2033550},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Wurster2013,
   author = {Wurster, Lara M and Warger, W C and Gora, M J and Carruth, R and Tearny, G J and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Design and development of a miniaturized scanning probe},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Universität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
URL = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.726.9913&rep=rep1&type=pdf},
year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Baade2013,
   author = {Baade, Alexander and Schlott, Kerstin and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {A numerical model for heat and pressure propagation for temperature controlled retinal photocoagulation},
   volume = {8803},
   pages = {88030O-88030O-9},
   note = {10.1117/12.2033590},
   abstract = {Retinal photocoagulation is an established treatment for various retinal diseases. The temperature development during a treatment can be monitored by applying short laser pulses in addition to the treatment laser light. The laser pulses induce thermoelastic pressure waves that can be detected at the cornea. We present a numerical model to examine the temperature development during the treatment as well as the formation and propagation of the ultrasonic waves. Using the model, it is possible to determine the peak temperature during retinal photocoagulation from the measured signal, and investigate the behaviour of the temperature profile and the accuracy of the temperature determination under varying conditions such as inhomogeneous pigmentation or change in irradiation parameters. It was shown that there is an uncertainty of 2.5 -9% in the determination of the peak temperature when the absorption coefficient between the absorbing layers is varied by a factor of 2. Furthermore the model was extended in order to incorporate the photoacoustic pressure generation and wave propagation. It was shown that for an irradiation pulse duration of 75 ns the resulting pressure wave energy is attenuated by 76 % due to frequency dependent attenuation in water.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2033590},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}, 
year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Bliedtner2013,
   author = {Bliedtner, Kathrin and Seifert, Eric and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Temperature induced tissue deformation monitored
by dynamic speckle interferometry},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Universität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2013},
url = { http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.714.8862&rep=rep1&type=pdf}
}

@inproceedings{Theisen-Kunde2013,
   author = {Theisen-Kunde, D. and Wolken, H. and Ellebrecht, D. and Danicke, V. and Wurster, L. and Kleemann, M. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Investigation of water spray to reduce collateral thermal damage during laser resection of soft tissue},
   volume = {8803},
   pages = {88030F-88030F-4},
   note = {10.1117/12.2032384},
   abstract = {To reduce unwanted collateral thermal damage to surrounding tissue and organs during laparoscopic laser dissection (cw, wavelength: 1.9μm) of porcine liver water spray was used. Size and amount of the produced water droplets of the water spray were photographed by short time imaging and analyzed by imaging software. At in vivo measurements on fresh porcine liver the depth of thermal damage was reduced by 85 % with water spray and the lateral size of thermal damage at the tissue surface could be reduced by 67%. This results show that especially for laparoscopic laser surgery water spray application might be a useful tool to avoid unwanted collateral thermal damage.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2032384},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@inproceedings{Evers2013,
   author = {Evers, Michael and Welford, David and Manstein, Dieter and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Mid-infrared laser spectroscopy using a tunable gain-switched Cr2+: ZnSe laser},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Unversität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
URL = { http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.727.5163&rep=rep1&type=pdf},
year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Horstmann2013,
   author = {Horstmann, Jens and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Non-contact photoacoustic tomography using holographic full field detection},
   publisher = {Proc. SPIE},
   volume = {8800},
   pages = {880007-880007-6},
   note = {10.1117/12.2033599},
   abstract = {An innovative very fast non-contact imaging technique for Photoacoustic Tomography is introduced. It is based on holographic optical speckle detection of a transiently altering surface topography for the reconstruction of absorbing targets. The surface movement is obtained by parallel recording of speckle phase changes known as Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry. Due to parallelized 2-D camera detection and repetitive excitation with variable delay with respect to the image acquisition, data recording of whole volumes for Photoacoustic Imaging can be completed in times far below one second. The size of the detected area is scalable by optical magnification. As a proof of concept, an interferometric setup is realized, capable of surface displacement detection with an axial resolution of less than 3 nm. The potential of the proposed method for in vivo Photoacoustic Imaging is discussed.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2033599},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Fink2013,
   author = {Fink, Peer K and Hillmann, Dierck and Franke, Gesa L and Ramm, Dirk and Koch, P and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Stray light rejection by structured illumination},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Universität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2013}
}

@article{Koop2013,
   author = {Koop, N},
   title = {Schreib‘ mal wieder! Neue Laser-Markierungsverfahren und spezielle Mikrobearbeitungen},
   journal = {GIT Labor-Fachzeitschrift},
   number = {9},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Miura2013,
   author = {Miura, Y. and Huettmann, G. and Orzekowsky-Schroeder, R. and Steven, P. and Szaszak, M. and Koop, N. and Brinkmann, R.},
   title = {Two-Photon Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells under Oxidative Stress},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   note = {Miura, Yoko
Huettmann, Gereon
Orzekowsky-Schroeder, Regina
Steven, Philipp
Szaszak, Marta
Koop, Norbert
Brinkmann, Ralf
ENG
2013/04/06 06:00
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Apr 4. pii: iovs.13-11808v1. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-11808.},
   abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the autofluorescence (AF) of the RPE with two-photon microscopy (TPM) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) under normal and oxidative stress conditions. METHODS: Porcine RPE-choroid explants were used for investigation. The RPE-choroid tissue was preserved in a perfusion organ culture system. Oxidative stress was induced by laser photocoagulation with frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) and by exposure to different concentrations (0, 1, 10 mM) of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) for 1 hr. At indicated time points after exposure, the tissue was examined with TPM and FLIM. Intracellular reactive oxygen species around the photocoagulation lesion were detected with chloromethyl-2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA). Melanosomes were isolated from RPE cells and its fluorescence properties were investigated under normal and oxidized conditions. RESULTS: Under normal condition, AF in RPE cells with TPM is mostly originated from melanosomes, which has a very short fluorescence lifetime (FLT) (mean=117 ps). Under oxidative stress induced by laser irradiation and FeSO4 exposure, bright granular AF appears inside and around RPE cells, whose FLT is significantly longer (mean=1388 ps) than the FLT of the melanosome-AF. Excitation and emission peaks are found at 710-750 nm and 450-500 nm, respectively. Oxidative stress increases the fluorescence intensity of the melanosomes but does not change their FLT. CONCLUSION: TPM reveals acute oxidative stress-induced bright AF granules inside and around RPE cells which can be clearly discriminated from melanosomes by FLIM. TPM combined with FLIM is a useful tool of live-cell analysis to investigate functional alterations of the RPE.},
   year = {2013}
}

@article{Cordes2013,
   author = {Cordes, Jens and Nguyen, Felix and Lange, Birgit and Brinkmann, Ralf and Jocham, Dieter},
   title = {Damage of Stone Baskets by Endourologic Lithotripters: A Laboratory Study of 5 Lithotripters and 4 Basket Types},
   journal = {Advances in Urology},
   volume = {2013},
   pages = {6},
   DOI = {10.1155/2013/632790},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/632790},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Trost2013,
   author = {Trost, Andrea and Schroedl, Falk and Strohmaier, Clemens A and Bogner, Barbara and Runge, Christian and Kaser-Eichberger, Alexandra and Krefft, Karolina Anna and Vogel, Alfred and Linz, Norbert and Freidank, Sebastian and Hilpert, Andrea and Zimmermann, Inge and Grabner, Günther and Reitsamer, Herbert A},
   title = {A new nanosecond UV-laser at 355 nm: early results of corneal flap cutting in a rabbit model},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   abstract = {Purpose: A new 355nm UV laser was used for corneal flap cutting in an animal model and tested for clinical and morphological alterations. Methods: Corneal flaps were created (Chinchilla Bastards; n=25) with an UV-nanosecond laser at 355nm (150kHz, pulse duration 850ps, spot-size 1µm, spot-spacing 6x6µm, side-cut Δz 1µm; cutting depth 130µm) and pulse energies of 2.2 or 2.5µJ, respectively. Following slit lamp examination, animals were sacrificed at 6, 12 and 24hrs after treatment. Corneas were prepared for histology (HE, TUNEL-assay) and evaluated statistically, followed by ultrastructural investigations. Results: Laser treatment was tolerated well, flap lift was easier at 2.5µJ compared to 2.2µJ. Standard HE at 24hrs revealed intact epithelium in the horizontal cut, with similar increase in corneal thickness at both energies. Irrespective of energy levels, TUNEL assay revealed comparable numbers of apoptotic cells in the horizontal and vertical cut at 6/12/24hrs, becoming detectable in the horizontal cut as an acellular stromal band at 24hrs. Ultrastructural analysis revealed regular morphology in the epi- and endothelium, while in the stroma, disorganized collagen lamellae were detectable representing the horizontal cut, again irrespective of energy levels applied. Conclusions:This new UV-laser revealed no epithelial nor endothelial damage at energies feasible for corneal flap cutting. Observed corneal swelling was lower compared to existing UV-lasers-studies, albeit total energy applied here was much higher. Observed loss of stromal keratinocytes is comparable to available laser systems. Therefore, this new laser is suitable for refractive surgery, awaiting its test in a chronic environment.},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.13-12580},
   url = {http://www.iovs.org/content/early/2013/10/28/iovs.13-12580.abstract},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Sudkamp2013,
   author = {Sudkamp, Helge and Lee, H Y and Hüttmann, Gereon and Kellerbee, A K},
   title = {An approach to increase the speed of Optical Coherence Tomography using a Virtually Imaged Phased Array},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Universität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year= { 2013}
}

@inproceedings{Seifert2013,
   author = {Seifert, Eric and Roh, Young-Jung and Fritz, Andreas and Park, Young Gun and Kang, Seungbum and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Automatic irradiation control by an optical feedback technique for selective retina treatment (SRT) in a rabbit model},
   volume = {8803},
   pages = {880303-880303-6},
year = {2013},
   note = {10.1117/12.2033560},
   abstract = {Selective Retina Therapy (SRT) targets the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) without effecting neighboring layers as the photoreceptors or the choroid. SRT related RPE defects are ophthalmoscopically invisible. Owing to this invisibility and the variation of the threshold radiant exposure for RPE damage the treating physician does not know whether the treatment was successful or not. Thus measurement techniques enabling a correct dosing are a demanded element in SRT devices. The acquired signal can be used for monitoring or automatic irradiation control. Existing monitoring techniques are based on the detection of micro-bubbles. These bubbles are the origin of RPE cell damage for pulse durations in the ns and μs time regime 5μs. The detection can be performed by optical or acoustical approaches. Monitoring based on an acoustical approach has already been used to study the beneficial effects of SRT on diabetic macula edema and central serous retinopathy. We have developed a first real time feedback technique able to detect micro-bubble induced characteristics in the backscattered laser light fast enough to cease the laser irradiation within a burst. Therefore the laser energy within a burst of at most 30 pulses is increased linearly with every pulse. The laser irradiation is ceased as soon as micro-bubbles are detected. With this automatic approach it was possible to observe invisible lesions, an intact photoreceptor layer and a reconstruction of the RPE within one week.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2033560},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@inproceedings{Oepen2013,
   author = {van Oepen, Alexander and Horstmann, Jens and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Characterization of an Electronic Speckle Pattern Detection System},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}
}

@misc{Miura2013,
   author = {Miura, Y and Huettmann, G and Orzekowsky-Schroeder, R and Steven, P and Szaszák, M and Koop, N and Brinkmann, R },
   title = {Two-photon Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Analysis of Lipid Peroxidation Product in Photoreceptor Outer Segment and in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell},
   publisher = {ARVO Meeting Abstracts},
   month = {March 26, 2012 },
   url = {http://www.abstractsonline.com/Plan/ViewAbstract.aspx?sKey=57630548-893d-4e45-9ddc-b6f547dd4ff0&cKey=d08a30bc-fe98-40a2-8a1c-1b171e4becd3&mKey=f0fce029-9bf8-4e7c-b48e-9ff7711d4a0e},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Poster}
}

@article{Koinzer2013,
   author = {Koinzer, Stefan and Saeger, Mark and Hesse, Carola and Portz, Lea and Kleemann, Susanne and Schlott, Kerstin and Brinkmann, Ralf and Roider, Johann},
   title = {Correlation with OCT and histology of photocoagulation lesions in patients and rabbits},
   journal = {Acta Ophthalmologica},
   pages = {no-no},
   abstract = {Purpose:  To examine spectral domain optical coherence tomographic (OCT) and histological images from comparable retinal photocoagulation lesions in rabbits, and to correlate these images with comparable OCT images from patients. Methods:  508 rabbit lesions were examined by HE-stained paraffin histology. 1019 rabbit lesions versus 236 patient lesions were examined by OCT, all at the time-points 1 hr, 1 week and 4 weeks after photocoagulation. We analysed 100 μm lesions (in humans) and 133 μm lesions (in rabbits) of 200 ms exposures at powers titrated from the histological threshold up to intense damage. Lesions were matched according to morphological criteria. Results:  Dome-shaped layer alterations, retinal infiltration by round, pigmented cells, outer nuclear layer interruption, and eventually full thickness retinal coagulation are detectable in histology and OCT. Horizontal damage extensions are found 1½ times larger in OCT. More intense irradiation was necessary to induce comparable layer affection in rabbit OCT as in histology. Restoration of the inner retinal layers is only shown in the OCT images. Comparable primary lesions caused more pronounced OCT changes in patients than in rabbits during healing. Conclusions:  Optical coherence tomographic images indicate different tissue changes than histologic images. After photocoagulation, they show wider horizontal damage diameters, but underestimate axial damage particularly during healing. Conclusions on retinal restoration should not be drawn from OCT findings alone. Retinal recovery after comparable initial lesions appears to be more complete in rabbit than in patient OCTs.},
   keywords = {histology
laser
optical coherence tomography
photocoagulation
retina
retinal healing},
   year = {2013}
}

@article{Lee2013,
   author = {Lee, Hee Yoon and Sudkamp, Helge and Marvdashti, Tahereh and Ellerbee, Audrey K.},
   title = {Interleaved optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Optics Express},
   volume = {21},
   number = {22},
   pages = {26542-26556},
   abstract = {We present a novel and cost-effective technique – interleaved optical coherence tomography (iOCT) – to enhance the imaging speed of swept source OCT systems by acquiring data from multiple lateral positions simultaneously during a single wavelength sweep, using a single detector and a virtually imaged phase array (VIPA) as a multi-band demultiplexer. This technique uses spectral encoding to convert coherence length into higher imaging speed; the speed enhancement factor is independent of the source speed or center wavelength, and the effective A-scan rate scales linearly with sweep speed. The optical configuration requires only a change in the sample arm of a traditional OCT system and preserves the axial resolution and fall-off characteristic of a traditional SS-OCT using the same light source. Using 10kHz, 20kHz and 100kHz sources we provide a first demonstration of image speed enhancement factors of up to 12, 6 and 10, respectively, which yield effective A-scan rates of 120kHz, 120kHz and 1MHz for B-scan imaging, with a sensitivity of up to 82.5 dB. We also show that iOCT can image faster dynamics than traditional OCT B-scan imaging and is capable of 3D biological imaging. The iOCT concept suggests a new route to high-speed OCT imaging for laser developers: that is, by focusing on improving the coherence length and linewidth of existing and emerging sources. Hence, iOCT is a nice complement to ongoing research and commercial efforts to enable faster imaging through development of lasers with faster sweep rates, and offers new hope for existing sources with slow sweep rates and potential for enhancement of coherence length to compete with faster sources to achieve high-speed OCT.},
   keywords = {Optical design of instruments
Imaging systems
Coherence imaging
Optical coherence tomography
Optical diagnostics for medicine},
   DOI = {10.1364/OE.21.026542},
   url = {http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-21-22-26542},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Klein:13,
author = {Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Lukas Reznicek and Aljoscha Neubauer and Anselm Kampik and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Medical optics instrumentation; Lasers, fiber; Medical and biological imaging; Ophthalmic optics and devices ; Optical coherence tomography; Adaptive optics; Distributed Bragg reflectors; Fiber Bragg gratings; Functional imaging; Image quality; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {10},
pages = {1890--1908},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Multi-MHz retinal OCT},
volume = {4},
month = {Oct},
year = {2013},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-4-10-1890},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.4.001890},
abstract = {We analyze the benefits and problems of in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the human retina at A-scan rates in excess of 1 MHz, using a 1050 nm Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) laser. Different scanning strategies enabled by MHz OCT line rates are investigated, and a simple multi-volume data processing approach is presented. In-vivo OCT of the human ocular fundus is performed at different axial scan rates of up to 6.7 MHz. High quality non-mydriatic retinal imaging over an ultra-wide field is achieved by a combination of several key improvements compared to previous setups. For the FDML laser, long coherence lengths and 72 nm wavelength tuning range are achieved using a chirped fiber Bragg grating in a laser cavity at 419.1 kHz fundamental tuning rate. Very large data sets can be acquired with sustained data transfer from the data acquisition card to host computer memory, enabling high-quality averaging of many frames and of multiple aligned data sets. Three imaging modes are investigated: Alignment and averaging of 24 data sets at 1.68 MHz axial line rate, ultra-dense transverse sampling at 3.35 MHz line rate, and dual-beam imaging with two laser spots on the retina at an effective line rate of 6.7 MHz.},
}

@article{Hillmann2013,
   author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Franke, Gesa and Hinkel, Laura and Bonin, Tim and Koch, Peter and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Off-axis full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography using holographic refocusing},
   pages = {857104-857104},
   note = {10.1117/12.2006436},
   abstract = {We demonstrate a full-field swept-source OCT using an off-axis geometry of the reference illumination. By using holographic refocusing techniques, a uniform lateral resolution is achieved over the measurement depth of approximately 80 Rayleigh lengths. Compared to a standard on-axis setup, artifacts and autocorrelation signals are suppressed and the measurement depth is doubled by resolving the complex conjugate ambiguity. Holographic refocusing was done efficiently by Fourier-domain resampling as demonstrated before in inverse scattering and holoscopy. It allowed to reconstruct a complete volume with about 10μm resolution over the complete measurement depth of more than 10mm. Off-axis full-field swept-source OCT enables high measurement depths, spanning many Rayleigh lengths with reduced artifacts.},
   DOI = {10.1117/12.2006436},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2006436},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Fleischhauer2013,
   author = {Fleischhauer, Felix and Schulz-Hildebrandt, Hinnerk and Bonin, Tim and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography on different tissues samples for tumor discrimination},
   booktitle = {Studierendentagung},
   publisher = {Universität zu Lübeck},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
url = { https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a581/a18366acff021e12dcc090b40890ea70dcb8.pdf},
 year = { 2013}
}

@inbook{Lauterborn2013,
   author = {Lauterborn, Werner and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Shock Wave Emission by Laser Generated Bubbles},
   booktitle = {Bubble Dynamics and Shock Waves},
   pages = {67-103},
   year = {2013}
}

@article{Brinkmann2013,
   author = {Brinkmann, Ralf and Iwami, Hisashi and Pruessner, Joachim and Danicke, Veit and Miura, Yoko},
   title = {Temperature-dependent response of retinal pigment epithelial cells to laser irradiation},
   journal = {Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.},
   volume = {54},
   number = {6},
   pages = {1809-},
   abstract = {PurposeSublethal thermal therapy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is discussed as a new prophylactic therapy for age-related macular degeneration. However, temperature-dependent RPE cell effects have not been well elucidated. We investigated the biochemical responses of RPE cells following sublethal to lethal thermal laser irradiation. MethodsPorcine RPE cells cultured in a dish (33mm) were heated with a Thulium laser (1.92{micro}m, 1-20W, 10s) over a spot of 3mm. Temperatures during irradiation were measured with thermocouples. Cell viability was examined using annexin-V, ethidium homodimer III and Hoechst 33342 for detecting apoptotic, necrotic and living cell, respectively, by using fluorescence microscopy for localization and flow cytometry for quantification. Secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for 6h following irradiation on different temperatures was assessed with Elisa assay. In order to examine a protective effect of sublethal hyperthremia, the cells were heated up to 45C 24h prior to the exposure of 2 mM hydroxyl peroxide (H2O2) for 5 h. The involvement of TRPV (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid)-1 receptor, which is activated with temperatures > 43C, was investigated by adding capsazepin, a TRPV-1 inhibitor, before irradiation. ResultsCell apoptosis and necrosis was observed 24 h after irradiation with a central peak temperature [&ge;]52C. Fluorescence microscopy revealed apoptotic cells around the central necrotic area. VEGF secretion for 6h after irradiation was significantly increased at peak temperatures between 40 and 52C in a temperature dependent manner (max. 110%, p<0.05), whereas the total secretion decreases with temperatures > 52C. Pre-irradiation onto 45C significantly reduced H2O2-induced cell death after 5h compared to non-heated cells (total cell death: 15.6% to 10.2%, necrosis: 6% to 4 %, early apoptosis: 5.1% to 3.6%; p<0.01). These effects were not observed in the existence of capsazepin during laser irradiation. ConclusionsThe number of apoptotic and necrotic RPE cells increase at least over 24h following thermal laser irradiation. Sublethal temperatures between 40 and 52C seem to induce various cellular responses as VEGF secretion, which might be related to the protective effect against oxidative stress. Results with capsazepin suggest that TRPV-1 channel activation by hyperthermia is essential to exert this protective effect.},
   url = {http://abstracts.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/54/6/1809},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Franke2013,
   author = {Franke, Gesa Lilith and Hillmann, Dierck and Lührs, Christian and Koch, Peter and Wollenzin, Jörn and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Towards microscopic resolution in holoscopy},
   pages = {85711O-85711O},
   note = {10.1117/12.2006806},
   abstract = {Holoscopy is a new imaging approach combining digital holography and full-field Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. The interference pattern between light scattered by a sample and a defined reference wave is recorded and processed numerically. During reconstruction numerical refocusing is applied, overcoming the limitation of the focal depth and thus a uniform, diffraction limited lateral resolution over the whole measurement depth can be obtained. The advantage of numerical refocusing becomes especially significant for imaging at high numerical apertures (NAs). We use a high-resolution setup based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an high-resolution microscope objective (NA = 0.75). For reliable reconstruction of a sample volume the Rayleigh length of the microscope objective and the axial resolution, given by the spectral range of the light source, need to be matched. For a 0.75 NA objective a tunable light source with a sweeping range of ! 300nm is required. Here we present as a first step a tunable Ti:sapphire laser with a tuning range of 187 nm. By characterizing the spectral properties of the Ti:sapphire laser and determining the axial point spread function we demonstrate the feasibility of this light source for high-resolution holoscopy.},
   DOI = {10.1117/12.2006806},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2006806},
   year = {2013},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Bonesi:12,
author = {Marco Bonesi and Harald Sattmann and Teresa Torzicky and Stefan Zotter and Bernhard Baumann and Michael Pircher and Erich G\"{o}tzinger and Christoph Eigenwillig and Wolfgang Wieser and Robert Huber and Christoph K. Hitzenberger},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Optical diagnostics for medicine; Polarization-selective devices; High speed imaging; Image quality; Laser modes; Mode locking; Single mode fibers; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {11},
pages = {2987--3000},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {High-speed polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography scan engine based on Fourier domain mode locked laser},
volume = {3},
month = {Nov},
year = {2012},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-11-2987},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.3.002987},
abstract = {We report on a new swept source polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography scan engine that is based on polarization maintaining (PM) fiber technology. The light source is a Fourier domain mode locked laser with a PM cavity that operates in the 1300 nm wavelength regime. It is equipped with a PM buffer stage that doubles the fundamental sweep frequency of 54.5 kHz. The fiberization allows coupling of the scan engine to different delivery probes. In a first demonstration, we use the system for imaging human skin at an A-scan rate of 109 kHz. The system illuminates the sample with circularly polarized light and measures reflectivity, retardation, optic axis orientation, and Stokes vectors simultaneously. Furthermore, depolarization can be quantified by calculating the degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU). The high scanning speed of the system enables dense sampling in both, the x- and y-direction, which provides the opportunity to use 3D evaluation windows for DOPU calculation. This improves the spatial resolution of DOPU images considerably.},
}

@article{Blatter:12,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Pu Zou and Wolfgang Wieser and Aart-Jan Verhoef and Robert Huber and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
journal = {Opt. Lett.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Optical coherence tomography; Photoacoustic imaging; Interferometric imaging ; Photoacoustics ; In vivo imaging; Interferometry; Linewidth; Medical imaging; Optical coherence tomography; Swept sources},
number = {21},
pages = {4368--4370},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Intrasweep phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography for noncontact optical photoacoustic imaging},
volume = {37},
month = {Nov},
year = {2012},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-37-21-4368},
doi = {10.1364/OL.37.004368},
abstract = {We introduce a method to extract the photoacoustic (PA) signal from the phase time evolution of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) swept source spectral sweep. This all-optical detection is achieved in a noncontact fashion directly on the sample surface by using its specular reflection. High-speed measurement and referencing allow for close to shot noise limited phase-sensitive detection. It offers a simple way to perform OCT and PA imaging by sharing the same system components.},
}

@article{Wieser:12,
author = {Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Desmond C. Adler and Francois Tr\'{e}panier and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Sebastian Karpf and Joseph M. Schmitt and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Amplified spontaneous emission; Crystalline lens; Gastrointestinal imaging; High speed imaging; Image quality; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {10},
pages = {2647--2657},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Extended coherence length megahertz FDML and its application for anterior segment imaging},
volume = {3},
month = {Oct},
year = {2012},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-10-2647},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.3.002647},
abstract = {We present a 1300 nm Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) laser for optical coherence tomography (OCT) that combines both, a high 1.6 MHz wavelength sweep rate and an ultra-long instantaneous coherence length for rapid volumetric deep field imaging. By reducing the dispersion in the fiber delay line of the FDML laser, the instantaneous coherence length and hence the available imaging range is approximately quadrupled compared to previously published MHz-FDML setups, the imaging speed is increased by a factor of 16 compared to previous extended coherence length results. We present a detailed characterization of the FDML laser performance. We demonstrate for the first time MHz-OCT imaging of the anterior segment of the human eye. The OCT system provides enough imaging depth to cover the whole range from the top surface of the cornea down to the crystalline lens.},
}

@article{Blatter:12,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Jessika Weingast and Aneesh Alex and Branislav Grajciar and Wolfgang Wieser and Wolfgang Drexler and Robert Huber and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Optical coherence tomography; Flow diagnostics; Functional monitoring and imaging ; Fourier domain mode locking; High speed imaging; Image processing; In vivo imaging; Speckle imaging; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {10},
pages = {2636--2646},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {In situ structural and microangiographic assessment of human skin lesions with high-speed OCT},
volume = {3},
month = {Oct},
year = {2012},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-3-10-2636},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.3.002636},
abstract = {We demonstrate noninvasive structural and microvascular contrast imaging of different human skin diseases in vivo using an intensity difference analysis of OCT tomograms. The high-speed swept source OCT system operates at 1310 nm with 220 kHz A-scan rate. It provides an extended focus by employing a Bessel beam. The studied lesions were two cases of dermatitis and two cases of basal cell carcinoma. The lesions show characteristic vascular patterns that are significantly different from healthy skin. In case of inflammation, vessels are dilated and perfusion is increased. In case of basal cell carcinoma, the angiogram shows a denser network of unorganized vessels with large vessels close to the skin surface. Those results indicate that assessing vascular changes yields complementary information with important insight into the metabolic demand.},
}

@article{10.1117/1.JBO.17.7.070505,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Tilman Schmoll and Rainer A. Leitgeb and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Raphael J. Andr{\'e} and Robert Huber},
title = {{Ultrahigh-speed non-invasive widefield angiography}},
volume = {17},
journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
number = {7},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {070505},
abstract = {Retinal and choroidal vascular imaging is an important diagnostic benefit for ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. The current gold standard for vessel visualization is fluorescence angiography. We present a potential non-invasive alternative to image blood vessels based on functional Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). For OCT to compete with the field of view and resolution of angiography while maintaining motion artifacts to a minimum, ultrahigh-speed imaging has to be introduced. We employ Fourier domain mode locking swept source technology that offers high quality imaging at an A-scan rate of up to 1.68 MHz. We present retinal angiogram over ∼ 48  deg acquired in a few seconds in a single recording without the need of image stitching. OCT at 1060 nm allows for high penetration in the choroid and efficient separate characterization of the retinal and choroidal vascularization.},
keywords = {Angiography, Optical coherence tomography, Image segmentation, Retina, Capillaries, Tissues, Visualization, Diagnostics, Gold, Vascular imaging},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/1.JBO.17.7.070505},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.17.7.070505}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.922313,
author = {Sebastian Marschall and Teresa Torzicky and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Michael Pircher and Erich G{\"o}tzinger and Stefan Zotter and Marco Bonesi and Benjamin Biedermann and Christian Pedersen and Robert Huber and Christoph Hitzenberger and Peter Andersen},
title = {{High-speed polarization-sensitive OCT at 1060 nm using a Fourier domain mode-locked swept source}},
volume = {8427},
booktitle = {Biophotonics: Photonic Solutions for Better Health Care III},
editor = {J{\"u}rgen Popp and Wolfgang Drexler and Valery V. Tuchin and Dennis L. Matthews},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {84271D},
abstract = {Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the 1060nm range is interesting for in vivo imaging of the human
posterior eye segment (retina, choroid, sclera), as it permits a long penetration depth. Complementary to
structural images, polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT) images visualize birefringent, polarization-maintaining
or depolarizing areas within the sample. This information can be used to distinguish retinal layers and structures
with different polarization properties. High imaging speed is crucial for imaging ocular structures in vivo in order
to minimize motion artifacts while acquiring sufficiently large datasets. Here, we demonstrate PS-OCT imaging
at 350 kHz A-scan rate using a two-channel PS-OCT system in conjunction with a Fourier domain mode-locked
laser. The light source spectrum spans up to 100nm around the water absorption minimum at 1060 nm. By
modulating the laser pump current, we can optimize the spectrum and achieve a depth resolution of 9 μm in air
(6.5 μm in tissue). We acquired retinal images in vivo with high resolution and deep penetration into choroid and
sclera, and features like the depolarizing RPE or an increasing phase retardation at the chorio-scleral interface
are clearly visualized.},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, polarization-sensitive OCT, swept source, Fourier domain mode-locking, 1060 nm},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/12.922313},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.922313}
}

@inproceedings{Wieser:12,
author = {Wolfgang Wieser and Thomas Klein and Desmond C. Adler and Francois Tr\'{e}panier and Sebastian Karpf and Christoph M Eigenwillig and Joseph M. Schmitt and Robert Huber},
booktitle = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012},
journal = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Fiber Bragg gratings; Fourier domain mode locking; Image quality; Laser modes; Mode locking; Optical coherence tomography},
pages = {JTh3J.2},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Dispersion Compensated Megahertz FDML Laser for Imaging of the Anterior Segment},
year = {2012},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_AT-2012-JTh3J.2},
doi = {10.1364/CLEO_AT.2012.JTh3J.2},
abstract = {We present a Fourier domain mode locked laser at 1.6 MHz scan rate with greatly improved coherence length by reducing the laser cavity dispersion and the application of this laser in optical coherence tomography.},
}

@article{Todor:12,
author = {Sebastian Todor and Benjamin Biedermann and Robert Huber and Christian Jirauschek},
journal = {J. Opt. Soc. Am. B},
keywords = {Laser theory; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Mode locking; Numerical simulation; Optical amplifiers; Power spectra; Swept lasers; Tunable lasers},
number = {4},
pages = {656--664},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Balance of physical effects causing stationary operation of Fourier domain mode-locked lasers},
volume = {29},
month = {Apr},
year = {2012},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/josab/abstract.cfm?URI=josab-29-4-656},
doi = {10.1364/JOSAB.29.000656},
abstract = {We present a detailed analysis of the optical field dynamics in a Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) laser. We employ a numerical simulation based on the FDML evolution equation, describing the propagation of the optical light field. The temporal evolution of the instantaneous power spectrum at different points in the laser cavity is investigated. The results are carefully validated against experimental data, yielding good agreement. Deeper insight is gained into the role of the physical effects governing FDML dynamics, such as gain recovery and linewidth enhancement in the semiconductor optical amplifier, dispersion and self-phase modulation in the optical fiber, and the sweep filter action.},
}

@Article{HU_2012_Wieser_a,
  Title                    = {{Chromatic polarization effects of swept waveforms in FDML lasers and fiber spools}},
  Author                   = {Wieser, Wolfgang and Palte, Gesa and Eigenwillig, Christoph M and Biedermann, Benjamin R and Pfeiffer, Tom and Huber, Robert},
  Journal                  = {Optics express},
  Year                     = {2012},

  Month                    = apr,
  Number                   = {9},
  Pages                    = {9819--32},
  Volume                   = {20},

  Doi                      = {10.1364/OE.20.009819},
  ISSN                     = {1094-4087},
keywords = {AG-Huber_FDML, AG-Huber_OCT},
  Url                      = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-20-9-9819\&id=231991}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.906148,
author = {Sebastian Marschall and Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Teresa Torzicky and Michael Pircher and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Christian Pedersen and Christoph K. Hitzenberger and Robert Huber and Peter E. Andersen},
title = {{Broadband Fourier domain mode-locked laser for optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm}},
volume = {8213},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVI},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {82130R},
abstract = {Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the 1060nm range is interesting for in vivo imaging of the human
posterior eye segment (retina, choroid, sclera) due to low absorption in water and deep penetration into the
tissue. Rapidly tunable light sources, such as Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers, enable acquisition
of densely sampled three-dimensional datasets covering a wide field of view. However, semiconductor optical
amplifiers (SOAs)-the typical laser gain media for swept sources-for the 1060nm band could until recently
only provide relatively low output power and bandwidth. We have implemented an FDML laser using a new SOA
featuring broad gain bandwidth and high output power. The output spectrum coincides with the wavelength
range of minimal water absorption, making the light source ideal for OCT imaging of the posterior eye segment.
With a moderate SOA current (270 mA) we achieve up to 100nm total sweep range and 12 μm depth resolution
in air. By modulating the current, we can optimize the output spectrum and thereby improve the resolution to
9 μm in air (~6.5 μm in tissue). The average output power is higher than 20mW. Both sweep directions show
similar performance; hence, both can be used for OCT imaging. This enables an A-scan rate of 350 kHz without
buffering the light source output.},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, tunable laser, swept source, Fourier domain mode-locking, broadband semiconductor optical amplifier},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/12.906148},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.906148}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.908798,
author = {Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Raphael Andr{\'e} and Tom Pfeiffer and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Robert Huber},
title = {{Multi-MHz FDML OCT: snapshot retinal imaging at 6.7 million axial-scans per second}},
volume = {8213},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVI},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {82131E},
abstract = {We demonstrate the acquisition of densely sampled wide-field 3D OCT datasets of the human retina in 0.3s. This
performance is achieved with a multi-MHz Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) laser source operating at 1050nm. A two-beam
setup doubles the 3.35MHz laser sweep rate to 6.7MHz, which is 16x faster than results achieved with any non-FDML
source used for retinal OCT. We discuss two main benefits of these high line rates: First, large datasets over an ultra-wide
field of view can be acquired with a low probability of distortions. Second, even if eye movements occur, now the scan rate
is high enough to directly correct even the fastest saccades without loss of information.},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography, OCT, MHz OCT, Fourier-domain mode-locking, FDML, retinal imaging},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/12.908798},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.908798}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.909830,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Robert Huber and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
title = {{Deep skin structural and microcirculation imaging with extended-focus OCT}},
volume = {8207},
booktitle = {Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics VIII},
editor = {Anita Mahadevan-Jansen and E. Duco Jansen and Andreas Mandelis and Kenton W. Gregory M.D. and Guillermo J. Tearney M.D. and Laura Marcu and Nikiforos Kollias and Bernard Choi and Haishan Zeng and Melissa J. Suter and Stephen Lam and Matthew Brenner and Hyun Wook Kang and Bodo E. Knudsen M.D. and Henry Hirschberg M.D. and Steen Madsen and Brian Jet-Fei Wong M.D. and Justus F. Ilgner M.D. and Krzysztof Izdebski},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {82070B},
abstract = {We present an extended focus OCT system for dermatologic applications that maintains high lateral resolution over a
large depth range by using Bessel beam illumination. More, Bessel beams exhibit a self-reconstruction property that is
particularly useful to avoid shadowing from surface structures such as hairs. High lateral resolution and high-speed
measurement, thanks to a rapidly tuning swept source, allows not only for imaging of small skin structures in depth but
also for comprehensive visualization of the small capillary network within the human skin in-vivo. We use this
information for studying temporal vaso-responses to hypothermia. In contrast to other perfusion imaging methods such
as laser Doppler imaging (LDI), OCT gives specific access to vascular responses in different vascular beds in depth.},
keywords = {Optical Coherence Tomography, FDML Swept Source, Extended focus, Bessel beam, Self-reconstruction property, Microcirculation imaging, Vasomechanics},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/12.909830},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.909830}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.908148,
author = {Desmond C. Adler and Wolfgang Wieser and Francois Trepanier and Joseph M. Schmitt and Robert A. Huber},
title = {{Coherence length extension of Fourier domain mode locked lasers}},
volume = {8213},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVI},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {82130O},
abstract = {Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) lasers provide high sweep rates, broad tuning ranges, and high output powers for
optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems. However, presently-known FDML lasers at 1300 nm have relatively
short coherence lengths, limiting the size of samples that can be imaged. Furthermore, FDML lasers produce only one
useable sweep direction. We report FDML coherence length extension by incorporating advanced dispersion
compensation modules (DCMs). DCMs eliminate group velocity dispersion in the cavity, doubling coherence lengths
and ensuring uniform axial resolution over the imaging range. Additionally, forward and backward sweeps are nearly
identical, removing the need for external buffering stages.},
keywords = {Fourier domain mode locked lasers, FDML, swept source, optical coherence tomography, dispersion compensation},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/12.908148},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.908148}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.911443,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Boris Hermann and Robert Huber and Wolfgang Drexler and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
title = {{Simultaneous dark-bright field swept source OCT for ultrasound detection}},
volume = {8213},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XVI},
editor = {Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto and Valery V. Tuchin},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {82131M},
abstract = {We introduce a swept source FDOCT imaging system that allows measuring simultaneously the reflected light and
scattered light (bright field) and the scattered light only (dark field) in two different channels through separate Gaussian
and Bessel detection. Specular reflections can then be used to obtain knowledge about the sample time evolution with
high SNR for phase analysis. Based on this configuration, we provide a proof-of principle study for resolving ultrasound
pulse trains with high temporal resolution on surfaces, which potentially provides a novel phase sensitive all optical
detection scheme for the combination of OCT with photoacoustic imaging.},
keywords = {Dark field imaging, Bessel beam, Extended focus, FDML Swept Source, Multichannel detection, Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, Phase sensitive},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1117/12.911443},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911443}
}

@article{Schlott2012,
   author = {Schlott, Kerstin and Koinzer, Stefan and Ptaszynski, Lars and Bever, Marco and Baade, Alex and Roider, Johann and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Automatic temperature controlled retinal photocoagulation},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {17},
   number = {6},
   pages = {061223},
   keywords = {AutoPhoN},
   year = {2012}
}

@Article{pmid22612150,
   Author="Rudnitzki, F.  and Bever, M.  and Rahmanzadeh, R.  and Brieger, K.  and Endl, E.  and Groll, J.  and Huttmann, G. ",
   Title="{{B}leaching of plasmon-resonance absorption of gold nanorods decreases efficiency of cell destruction}",
   Journal="J Biomed Opt",
   Year="2012",
   Volume="17",
   Number="5",
   Pages="058003",
   Month="May"
}

@article{Koinzer2012,
   author = {Koinzer, S. and Schlott, K. and Ptaszynski, L. and Bever, M. and Kleemann, S. and Saeger, M. and Baade, A. and Caliebe, A. and Miura, Y. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Temperature-controlled retinal photocoagulation - a step toward automated laser treatment},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {53},
   number = {7},
   pages = {3605-14},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
Jun 14; Print 2012 Jul},
   abstract = {Purpose. Retinal laser photocoagulation carries the risk of overtreatment due to effect variation of identically applied lesions. The degree of coagulation depends on the induced temperature increase and on exposure time. We introduce temperature controlled photocoagulation (TCP), which uses optoacoustics to determine individually exposure times necessary to create reproducible lesions. Methods. Optoacoustic temperature measurement relies on pressure waves that are excited in the retinal tissue by repetitive low-energy laser pulses. Signal amplitudes correlate with tissue temperature and are detected by a transducer in the laser contact lens. We used a continuous wave (CW) photocoagulator for treatment irradiation and superimposed probe laser pulses for simultaneous temperature measurement. Optoacoustic data of 1500 lesions (rabbit) were evaluated to develop an algorithm that controls exposure times automatically in TCP. Lesion diameters of 156 TCP lesions were compared to 156 non-controlled lesions. Histology was performed after 1 hour, and 1 and 4 weeks. Results. TCP resulted in exposure times from 4 to 800 ms depending on laser power chosen. Ophthalmoscopic and histologic lesion diameters were independent of power between 14 and 200 mW. TCP lesions barely were visible with a mean diameter equal to the treatment beam (130 mum). In contrast, standard lesion diameters increased linearly and statistically significantly with power. Histology confirmed sparing of the ganglion and nerve fiber layers in TCP. Conclusions. TCP facilitates uniform retinal lesions over a wide power range. In a clinical setting, it should generate soft and reproducible lesions independently of local tissue variation and improve safety, particularly at short exposure times.},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Hillmann2012,
   author={Hillmann, D.  and Bonin, T.  and Luhrs, C.  and Franke, G.  and Hagen-Eggert, M.  and Koch, P.  and Huttmann, G. },
   title={{{C}ommon approach for compensation of axial motion artifacts in swept-source {O}{C}{T} and dispersion in {F}ourier-domain {O}{C}{T}}},
   journal={Opt Express},
   year={2012},
   volume={20},
   number={6},
   pages={6761--6776},
   month={Mar}
}

@article{Hillmann2012,
   author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Bonin, Tim and Lührs, Christian and Franke, Gesa and Hagen-Eggert, Martin and Koch, Peter and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Common approach for compensation of axial motion artifacts in swept-source OCT and dispersion in Fourier-domain OCT},
   journal = {Opt. Express},
   volume = {20},
   number = {6},
   pages = {6761-6776},
   abstract = {Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) is sensitive to sample motion during the wavelength sweep, which leads to image blurring and image artifacts. In line-field and full-field SS-OCT parallelization is achieved by using a line or area detector, respectively. Thus, approximately 1000 lines or images at different wavenumbers are acquired. The sweep duration is identically with the acquisition time of a complete B-scan or volume, rendering parallel SS-OCT more sensitive to motion artifacts than scanning OCT. The effect of axial motion on the measured spectra is similar to the effect of non-balanced group velocity dispersion (GVD) in the interferometer arms. It causes the apparent optical path lengths in the sample arm to vary with the wavenumber. Here we propose the cross-correlation of sub-bandwidth reconstructions (CCSBR) as a new algorithm that is capable of detecting and correcting the artifacts induced by axial motion in line-field or full-field SS-OCT as well as GVD mismatch in any Fourier-domain OCT (FD-OCT) setup. By cross-correlating images which were reconstructed from a limited spectral range of the interference signal, a phase error is determined which is used to correct the spectral modulation prior to the calculation of the A-scans. Performance of the algorithm is demonstrated on in vivo full-field SS-OCT images of skin and scanning FD-OCT of skin and retina.},
   keywords = {Image reconstruction-restoration
Optical coherence tomography},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Klinder2012,
   author = {Klinger, A. and Orzekowsky-Schroeder, R. and von Smolinski, D. and Blessenohl, M. and Schueth, A. and Koop, N. and Hüttmann, G. and Gebert, A.},
   title = {Complex morphology and functional dynamics of vital murine intestinal mucosa revealed by autofluorescence 2-photon microscopy},
   journal = {Histochem Cell Biol},
   volume = {137},
   number = {3},
   pages = {269-278},
   ISSN = {1432-119X (Electronic)
0948-6143 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00418-011-0905-0},
   year = {2012},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Koinzer,
   author = {Koinzer, Stefan and Schlott, Kerstin and Portz, Lea and Ptaszynski, Lars and Baade, Alexander and Bever, Marco and Saeger, Mark and Caliebe, Amke and Denner, Renè and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf and Roider, Johann},
   title = {Correlation of temperature rise and optical coherence tomography characteristics in patient retinal photocoagulation},
   journal = {Journal of Biophotonics},
   pages = {n/a-n/a},
   abstract = {We conducted a study to correlate the retinal temperature rise during photocoagulation to the afterward detected tissue effect in optical coherence tomography (OCT). 504 photocoagulation lesions were examined in 20 patients. The retinal temperature increase was determined in real-time during treatment based on thermoelastic tissue expansion which was probed by repetitively applied ns laser pulses. The tissue effect was examined on fundus images and OCT images of individualized lesions. We discerned seven characteristic morphological OCT lesion classes. Their validity was confirmed by increasing visibility and diameters. Mean peak temperatures at the end of irradiation ranged from approx. 60 °C to beyond 100 °C, depending on burn intensity. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)},
   keywords = {laser photocoagulation
optoacoustics
photocoagulation
retinal temperature
spectral domain optical coherence tomography
OCT
subthreshold
classification},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Hillmann2012,
   author = {Hillmann, Dierck and Franke, Gesa and Lührs, Christian and Koch, Peter and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Efficient holoscopy image reconstruction},
   journal = {Opt. Express},
   volume = {20},
   number = {19},
   pages = {21247-21263},
   abstract = {Holoscopy is a tomographic imaging technique that combines digital holography and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) to gain tomograms with diffraction limited resolution and uniform sensitivity over several Rayleigh lengths. The lateral image information is calculated from the spatial interference pattern formed by light scattered from the sample and a reference beam. The depth information is obtained from the spectral dependence of the recorded digital holograms. Numerous digital holograms are acquired at different wavelengths and then reconstructed for a common plane in the sample. Afterwards standard Fourier-domain OCT signal processing achieves depth discrimination. Here we describe and demonstrate an optimized data reconstruction algorithm for holoscopy which is related to the inverse scattering reconstruction of wavelength-scanned full-field optical coherence tomography data. Instead of calculating a regularized pseudoinverse of the forward operator, the recorded optical fields are propagated back into the sample volume. In one processing step the high frequency components of the scattering potential are reconstructed on a non-equidistant grid in three-dimensional spatial frequency space. A Fourier transform yields an OCT equivalent image of the object structure. In contrast to the original holoscopy reconstruction with backpropagation and Fourier transform with respect to the wavenumber, the required processing time does neither depend on the confocal parameter nor on the depth of the volume. For an imaging NA of 0.14, the processing time was decreased by a factor of 15, at higher NA the gain in reconstruction speed may reach two orders of magnitude.},
   keywords = {Image processing
Optical coherence tomography
Digital holography},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Yoshimoto,
   author = {Yoshimoto, Kumiko and Yamamoto, Manabu and Kohno, Takeya and Yoneda, Tasuku and Yoshida, Yusaku and Fritz, Andreas and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Miura, Yoko and Brinkmann, Ralf and Shiraki, Kunihiko},
   title = {Detection Of Sub-threshold Laser Irradiation Spots With Various Fundus Imaging Methods And Its Correlation With Irradiation Energy And Optoacoustic Values In Selective Retina Therapy },
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {53},
   pages = {5198},
   year = {2012}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{2012SPIE.8213E..23H,
   author = {{Hagen-Eggert}, M. and {Koch}, P. and {H{\"u}ttmann}, G.},
    title = "{Analysis of the signal fall-off in spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems}",
booktitle = {Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series},
     year = 2012,
   series = {Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series},
   volume = 8213,
    month = feb,
      doi = {10.1117/12.910921},
   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SPIE.8213E..23H},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

@article{Müller2012,
   author = {Mueller, H. H. and Ptaszynski, L. and Schlott, K. and Debbeler, C. and Bever, M. and Koinzer, S. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R. and Huettmann, G.},
   title = {Imaging thermal expansion and retinal tissue changes during photocoagulation by high speed OCT},
   journal = {Biomedical Optics Express},
   volume = {3},
   number = {5},
   pages = {1025-1046},
   note = {935RH
Times Cited:8
Cited References Count:37},
   abstract = {Visualizing retinal photocoagulation by real-time OCT measurements may considerably improve the understanding of thermally induced tissue changes and might enable a better reproducibility of the ocular laser treatment. High speed Doppler OCT with 860 frames per second imaged tissue changes in the fundus of enucleated porcine eyes during laser irradiation. Tissue motion, measured by Doppler OCT with nanometer resolution, was correlated with the temperature increase, which was measured non-invasively by optoacoustics. In enucleated eyes, the increase of the OCT signal near the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) corresponded well to the macroscopically visible whitening of the tissue. At low irradiance, Doppler OCT revealed additionally a reversible thermal expansion of the retina. At higher irradiance additional movement due to irreversible tissue changes was observed. Measurements of the tissue expansion were also possible in vivo in a rabbit with submicrometer resolution when global tissue motion was compensated. Doppler OCT may be used for spatially resolved measurements of retinal temperature increases and thermally induced tissue changes. It can play an important role in understanding the mechanisms of photocoagulation and, eventually, lead to new strategies for retinal laser treatments. (c) 2012 Optical Society of America},
   keywords = {optical coherence tomography
laser photocoagulation
vein occlusion
management
diseases
fundus
blood},
   ISSN = {2156-7085},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000303537400018},
   year = {2012},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@Article{HU_2012_Klein_a,
  Title                    = {{OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY/HIGH-SPEED BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: No speed limit: The multi-megahertz approach to optical coherence tomography}},
  Author                   = {Klein, Thomas and Wieser, Wolfgang and Huber, Robert},
  Journal                  = {BioOptics World},
  Year                     = {2012},
  Number                   = {1},
  Pages                    = {28--32},
  Volume                   = {5},
keywords = {AG-Huber_FDML, AG-Huber_OCT},
  Doi                      = {http://www.bioopticsworld.com/articles/print/volume-5/issue-1/features/the-multi-megahertz-approach-to-optical-coherence-tomography.html},
  Url                      = {http://www.bioopticsworld.com/articles/print/volume-5/issue-1/features/the-multi-megahertz-approach-to-optical-coherence-tomography.html}
}

@inproceedings{Hagen-Eggert,
   author = {Hagen-Eggert, M. and Koch, P. and Huttmann, G.},
   title = {Analysis of the signal fall-off in spectral domain optical coherence tomography systems},
   editor = {Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8213},
   pages = {82131K},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910921},
   year = { 2012}

}

@inproceedings{
   author = {Just, T. and Wiechmann, T. and Stachs, O. and Stave, J. and Guthoff, R. and Huttmann, G. and Pau, H. W.},
   title = {Confocal endomicroscopy of the larynx},
   editor = {Nikiforos, Kollias and Bernard, Choi and Haishan, Zeng and Hyun Wook, Kang and Bodo, E. Knudsen and Brian Jet-Fei, Wong and Justus, F. Ilgner and Krzysztof, Izdebski and Melissa, J. Suter and Stephen, Lam and Matthew, Brenner and Kenton, W. Gregory and Guillermo, J. Tearney and Laura, Marcu and Henry, Hirschberg and Steen, Madsen and Anita, Mahadevan-Jansen and Jansen, E. Duco and Andreas, Mandelis},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8207},
   pages = {82072H},

}

@inproceedings{Otte2012,
   author = {Otte, Christoph and Huttmann, Gereon and Schlaefer, Alexander},
   title = {Feasibiliy of optical detection of soft tissue deformation during needle insertion},
   editor = {David, R. Holmes, III and Kenneth, H. Wong},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8316},
   pages = {83160V},
year = { 2012},
url = { https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/8316/83160V/Feasibiliy-of-optical-detection-of-soft-tissue-deformation-during-needle/10.1117/12.912538.short}

}

@inproceedings{Franke-2012,
   author = {Franke, Gesa Lilith and Hillmann, Dierck and Claussen, Thorsten and Luhrs, Christian and Koch, Peter and Huttmann, Gereon},
   title = {High resolution holoscopy},
   editor = {Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8213},
   pages = {821324},
URL = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911166},
year = { 2012}

}

@inproceedings{Hüttmann2012,
   author = {Hüttmann, G. and Orzekowsky-Schröder, R.},
   title = {Imaging of immune cell dynamics in small intestine and the eye  by 2-photon microcopy},
   booktitle = {7th Workshop on Advanced Multiphoton and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Techniques (FLIM 2012)},
year = { 2012},
   abstract = {Autofluorescence based 2-photon microscopy was investigated as a
tool for studying the dynamics of immunological processes in vivo. Nearly
all tissue components were simultaneously visible by autofluorescence and a
nearly complete visualization of tissue architecture was possible. Within
the tissue, immune competent cells like lymphocytes, macrophages and
dendritic cells were visualized in their dynamic interaction with other
cells or surrounding tissues.
Immunological processes were studied in the small intestine and at the
surface of the eye. Excitation and emission spectra of the different mucosal
tissue components were quantitatively determined and a compared to the
respective spectra of endogenous chromophores. It was shown, that by using
only two excitation wavelengths within the tuning range of a Ti:Saphire
laser enterocytes, antigen presenting cells and lysosomes of the small
intestine could be discriminated based on the excitation and emission
properties. By additionally using an intravital nuclear stain, motion of
lymphocytes in the lamina propria and the epithelium of small intestine
villi was quantitatively analyzed. 

2-photon microscopy was also a powerful tool for studying the conjunctiva
and cornea of the eye. Lymphocyte dynamics and uptake of microspheres or
fluorescing heat-inactivated E. coli was followed over time in the
conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue of mice. In a different mouse model
of suture induced corneal hem- and lymphangiogenesis, immune cell migration
into lymphatic vessels and luminal transport of individual cells was
observed in vivo.

Autofluorescence based 2-photon intravital microscopy is a valuable tool to
study dynamic immunological processes. While tissue autofluorescence gives a
good overview over all relevant structures and allows for discriminating
different cell types by spectral analysis, the additional combination of
specific staining with external dyes or fluorescent proteins is easily
possible and enhances the potential of the technique further. },

}

@inproceedings{Spahr2012,
   author = {Spahr, Hendrik and Rudolph, Linda and Muller, Heike and Birngruber, Reginald and Huttmann, Gereon},
   title = {Imaging of photothermal tissue expansion via phase sensitive optical coherence tomography},
   editor = {Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8213},
   pages = {82131S},
year = { 2012},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911429}

}

@inproceedings{Ansari2012,
   author = {Ansari, Rehman and Aherrahrou, Redouane and Aherrahrou, Zouhair and Erdmann, Jeanette and Huttmann, Gereon and Schweikard, Achim},
   title = {Quantitative analysis of cardiomyocyte dynamics with optical coherence phase microscopy},
   editor = {Joseph, A. Izatt and James, G. Fujimoto and Valery, V. Tuchin},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {8213},
   pages = {821338},
year = { 2012},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911781}

}

@article{Yamamoto,
   author = {Yamamoto, Manabu and Kohno, Takeya and Yoshida, Yusaku and Yoneda, Tasuku and Iwami, Hisashi and Fritz, Andreas and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Miura, Yoko and Brinkmann, Ralf and Shiraki, Kunihiko},
   title = {Selective Retina Therapy for Patients with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Japan },
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {53},
   pages = {5222},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Iwami2012,
   author = {Iwami, Hisashi and Ptaszynski, Lars and Danicke, Veit and Brinkmann, Ralf and Miura, Yoko},
   title = {Sublethal Hyperthermia-induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion And Its Contribution To Adoptive Response Of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell},
   journal = {Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.},
   volume = {53},
   number = {6},
   pages = {4782-},
   abstract = {PurposeTo investigate temperature increase-induced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and its contribution to adoptive response relating to cell defence system against oxidative stress. MethodsPorcine RPE cells on 35 mm culture dish were used in the study. Thulium laser ({lambda}=1940 nm, spot size 33 mm was utilized as a heat source. Temperature increase during irradiation for different power and time setting at cell level was measured with thermocouple, and power and time setting of the experiment was determined based on this calibration. Culture medium was replaced by 1.2 ml phosphate buffer saline and then laser was irradiated with different power settings for 10 seconds, so that the peak temperature reaches from 40{degrees}C to 65{degrees}C. Cellular viability after laser irradiation was examined with MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay immediately after irradiation. VEGF secretion was investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 2 and 24 hrs after irradiation. Contribution of a temperature-dependent calcium channel, TRPV (transient receptor potential vanilloid) channels in laser-induced VEGF secretion was investigated using TRPV channel blocker, ruthenium red (20 {micro}M). TRPV channel blocker-containing medium was replaced by the normal medium soon after laser irradiation. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)-was exposed after 6 hrs of laser irradiation and cell viability was examined with MTT assay. ResultsPeak temperature threshold for immediate RPE cell death was found around 55 {degrees}C with our irradiation setting. VEGF secretion was increased after sub-lethal irradiation in power-dependent manner, which was partially suppressed by TRPV channel blocker. Sublethal laser irradiation reduced H2O2 and AGE-induced cell death and this effect was smaller in the cells treated with TRPV channel inhibitor during laser irradiation. ConclusionsSublethal temperature increase-induced VEGF production might contribute to the enhancement of RPE cell defence system against oxidative stress.},
   url = {http://abstracts.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/53/6/4782},
   year = {2012},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Brinkmann2012,
   author = {Brinkmann, Ralf and Koinzer, Stefan and Schlott, Kerstin and Ptaszynski, Lars and Bever, Marco and Baade, Alexander and Luft, Susanne and Miura, Yoko and Roider, Johann and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Real-time temperature determination during retinal photocoagulation on patients},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {17},
   number = {6},
   pages = {061219},
   note = {Journal Article},
   year = { 2012}
}

@article{Treumer2012,
   author = {Treumer, F. and Klettner, A. and Baltz, J. and Hussain, A. A. and Miura, Y. and Brinkmann, R. and Roider, J. and Hillenkamp, J.},
   title = {Vectorial release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) from porcine RPE-choroid explants following selective retina therapy (SRT): towards slowing the macular ageing process},
   journal = {Exp Eye Res},
   volume = {97},
   number = {1},
   pages = {63-72},
   note = {1096-0007
Treumer, F
Klettner, A
Baltz, J
Hussain, A A
Miura, Y
Brinkmann, R
Roider, J
Hillenkamp, J
Journal Article
England
Exp Eye Res. 2012 Apr;97(1):63-72. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.02.011. Epub 2012 Feb 22.},
   abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 during retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) wound healing after Selective Retina Therapy (SRT) with laser energy levels below and above the threshold of RPE cell death. Following exposure to SRT using a prototype pulsed Nd:YLF laser with energies of 80-180 mJ/cm(2) fresh porcine RPE-monolayers with Bruch's membrane and choroid were cultured in modified Ussing chambers which separate the apical (RPE-facing) and basal (choroid facing) sides of the RPE monolayer. Threshold energy for RPE cell death and wound healing were determined with calcein-AM viability test. Inactive and active forms of MMP 2 and 9 were quantified within tissue samples and in the culture medium of the apical and basal compartments of the Ussing chamber using gelatine zymography. Laser energies of 160-180 mJ/cm(2) resulted in cell death within 1 h while 120-140 mJ/cm(2) resulted in delayed death of exposed RPE cells. All cells survived 80 and 100 mJ/cm(2). Laser spots healed within 6 days after SRT accompanied by a transient vectorial increase of MMPs. SRT with 180 mJ/cm(2) increased active MMP 2 by 1.9 (p < 0.05) and 1.6 (p < 0.05) fold in tissue and basal compartments, respectively, without alterations in the apical compartment. Pro-MMP 2 levels were also significantly increased in all compartments (p < 0.05). Release of MMP 9 was not altered. Laser energy below the threshold of RPE cell death did not alter the release of MMP 2 or 9. The findings suggest that the release of active MMP 2 on the basal side of the RPE during wound healing following SRT may address age-related pathological changes of Bruch's membrane with a potential to slow degenerative macular ageing processes before irreversible functional loss has occurred.},
   keywords = {Animals
Cell Death
Cell Survival
Choroid/*enzymology/pathology
Diffusion Chambers, Culture
Fluoresceins/metabolism
*Laser Therapy
Lasers, Solid-State
Macular Degeneration/enzymology/pathology/*surgery
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/*metabolism
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/*metabolism
Organ Culture Techniques
Retinal Pigment Epithelium/*enzymology/pathology
Sensory Thresholds
Swine
Wound Healing/*physiology},
   ISSN = {0014-4835},
   DOI = {10.1016/j.exer.2012.02.011},
   year = {2012},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Unglert2012,
   author = {Unglert, C. I. and Warger, W. C. and Hostens, J. and Namati, E. and Birngruber, R. and Bouma, B. E. and Tearney, G. J.},
   title = {Validation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements of subpleural alveolar size parameters by optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
   volume = {17},
   number = {12},
   note = {083ZB
Times Cited:3
Cited References Count:23},
   abstract = {Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been increasingly used for imaging pulmonary alveoli. Only a few studies, however, have quantified individual alveolar areas, and the validity of alveolar volumes represented within OCT images has not been shown. To validate quantitative measurements of alveoli from OCT images, we compared the cross-sectional area, perimeter, volume, and surface area of matched subpleural alveoli from microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and OCT images of fixed air-filled swine samples. The relative change in size between different alveoli was extremely well correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.0001), but OCT images underestimated absolute sizes compared to micro-CT by 27% (area), 7% (perimeter), 46% (volume), and 25% (surface area) on average. We hypothesized that the differences resulted from refraction at the tissue-air interfaces and developed a ray-tracing model that approximates the reconstructed alveolar size within OCT images. Using this model and OCT measurements of the refractive index for lung tissue (1.41 for fresh, 1.53 for fixed), we derived equations to obtain absolute size measurements of superellipse and circular alveoli with the use of predictive correction factors. These methods and results should enable the quantification of alveolar sizes from OCT images in vivo. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.17.12.126015]},
   keywords = {alveolar structure
alveolar volume
ray-tracing
optical coherence tomography
refractive-index
tissue},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {Artn 126015
Doi 10.1117/1.Jbo.17.12.126015},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000314504400023},
   year = {2012},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Gehlsen,
   author = {Gehlsen, U. and Oetke, A. and Szaszak, M. and Koop, N. and Paulsen, F. and Gebert, A. and Huettmann, G. and Steven, P.},
   title = {Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging monitors metabolic changes during wound healing of corneal epithelial cells in vitro},
   journal = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
   volume = {6},
   pages = {6},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
May},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early and correct diagnosis of delayed or absent corneal epithelial wound healing is a key factor in the prevention of infection and consecutive destruction of the corneal stroma with impending irreversible visual loss. Two-photon microscopy (TPM) is a novel technology that has potential to depict epithelial cells and to evaluate cellular function by measuring autofluorescence properties such as fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetimes of metabolic co-factors such as NAD(P)H. METHODS: Using non-invasive TPM in a tissue-culture scratch model and an organ-culture erosion model, fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetimes of NAD(P)H were measured before and during closure of the epithelial wounds. Influence of temperature and selective inhibition of metabolism on intensity and lifetimes were tested additionally. RESULTS: Decrease of temperature resulted in significant increase of fluorescence lifetimes and decrease of the relative amount of free NAD(P)H due to decreased global metabolism. Increase in temperature and upregulation of glycolysis through blocking the mitochondrial electron transport chain by rotenone resulted in increased intensity, decreased lifetimes and increase in the relative amount of free NAD(P)H. Changes of lifetimes and free:protein-bound NAD(P)H ratios were similar to changes measured during wound healing in both scratch and erosion models. CONCLUSIONS: Fluorescence lifetime measurements (FLIM) detected enhancement of cellular metabolism following epithelial damage in both models. The prospective detection of cellular autofluorescence in vivo, in particular FLIM of metabolic cofactor NAD(P)H, has the potential to become an indispensible tool in clinical use to differentiate healing from non-healing epithelial cells and to evaluate effects of newly developed substances on cellular metabolism in preclinical and clinical trials.},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{Rohde2012,
   author = {Rohde, Ingo and Brinkmann, Ralf and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk},
   title = {Temporally stretched Q-switched pulses in the 2 µm spectral range},
   journal = {Laser Physics Letters},
   volume = {9},
   number = {11},
   pages = {808-813},
   year = {2012}
}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201000104,
author = {Eigenwillig, Christoph M. and Klein, Thomas and Wieser, Wolfgang and Biedermann, Benjamin R. and Huber, Robert},
title = {Wavelength swept amplified spontaneous emission source for high speed retinal optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm},
journal = {Journal of Biophotonics},
volume = {4},
number = {7-8},
pages = {552-558},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, tunable lasers, optical frequency domain imaging, ophthalmology},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201000104},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jbio.201000104},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jbio.201000104},
abstract = {Abstract The wavelength swept amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source presented in this paper is an alternative approach to realize a light source for high speed swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT). ASE alternately passes a cascade of different optical gain elements and tunable optical bandpass filters. In this work we show for the first time a wavelength swept ASE source in the 1060 nm wavelength range, enabling high speed retinal OCT imaging. We demonstrate ultra-rapid retinal OCT at a line rate of 170 kHz, a record sweep rate at 1060 nm of 340 kHz with 70 nm full sweep width, enabling an axial resolution of 11 μm. Two different implementations of the source are characterized and compared to each other. The last gain element is either a semiconductor optical amplifier or an Ytterbium-doped fibre amplifier enabling high average output power of >40 mW. Various biophotonic imaging examples provide a wide range of quality benchmarks achievable with such sources. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH \& Co. KGaA, Weinheim)},
year = {2011}
}

@article{Adler:11,
author = {Desmond C. Adler and Wolfgang Wieser and Francois Trepanier and Joseph M. Schmitt and Robert A. Huber},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Medical optics and biotechnology; Dispersion compensation devices ; Fiber Bragg gratings ; Laser modes; Laser sources; Mode locking; Optical delay lines; Swept lasers; Tunable lasers},
number = {21},
pages = {20930--20939},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Extended coherence length Fourier domain mode locked lasers at 1310 nm},
volume = {19},
month = {Oct},
year = {2011},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-21-20930},
doi = {10.1364/OE.19.020930},
abstract = {Fourier domain mode locked (FDML) lasers are excellent tunable laser sources for frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) systems due to their combination of high sweep rates, large tuning ranges, and high output powers. However, conventional FDML lasers provide coherence lengths of only 4--10 mm, limiting their use in demanding applications such as intravascular OCT where coherence lengths of \>20 mm are required for optimal imaging of large blood vessels. Furthermore, like most swept lasers, conventional FDML lasers produce only one useable sweep direction per tunable filter drive cycle, halving the effective sweep rate of the laser compared to the filter drive frequency. Here, we demonstrate a new class of FDML laser incorporating broadband dispersion compensation near 1310 nm. Elimination of chromatic dispersion in the FDML cavity results in the generation of forward (short to long wavelength) and backward (long to short wavelength) sweeps with substantially identical properties and coherence lengths of \>21 mm. This advance enables long-range, high-speed FD-OCT imaging without the need for optical buffering stages, significantly reducing laser cost and complexity.},
}

@book{RN5360,
   author = {Brinkmann, Ralf;Koinzer, Stefan;Schlott, Kerstin;Ptaszynski, Lars;Bever, Marco;Baade, Alex;Miura, Yoko;Birngruber, Reginald and Roider, Johann},
   title = {Realtime temperature determination during retinal photocoagulation on patients},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {7885},
   series = {SPIE BiOS},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875276},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Book}
}

@article{Blatter:11,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Robert Huber and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Optical coherence tomography; Flow diagnostics; Coherence tomography ; Functional monitoring and imaging ; Functional imaging; Image quality; Imaging techniques; In vivo imaging; Optical imaging; Three dimensional imaging},
number = {13},
pages = {12141--12155},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Extended focus high-speed swept source OCT with self-reconstructive illumination},
volume = {19},
month = {Jun},
year = {2011},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-13-12141},
doi = {10.1364/OE.19.012141},
abstract = {We present a Bessel beam illumination FDOCT setup using a FDML Swept Source at 1300nm with up to 440kHz A-scan rate, and discuss its advantages for structural and functional imaging of highly scattering samples. An extended focus is achieved due to the Bessel beam that preserves its lateral extend over a large depth range. Furthermore, Bessel beams exhibit a self-reconstruction property that allows imaging even behind obstacles such as hairs on skin. Decoupling the illumination from the Gaussian detection increases the global sensitivity and enables dark field imaging. Dark field imaging is useful to avoid strong reflexes from the sample surface that adversely affect the sensitivity due to the limited dynamic range of high speed 8bit acquisition cards. In addition the possibility of contrasting capillaries with high sensitivity is shown, using inter-B-scan speckle variance analysis. We demonstrate intrinsic advantages of the extended focus configuration, in particular the reduction of the phase decorrelation effect below vessels leading to improved axial vessel definition.},
}

@inproceedings{Klein:11,
author = {Thomas Klein and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Robert Huber},
booktitle = {CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications},
journal = {CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications},
keywords = {Optical coherence tomography; Lasers, tunable; Image quality; Imaging techniques; Laser modes; Medical imaging; Mode locking; Optical coherence tomography},
pages = {CWB1},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {FDML laser for megahertz retinal OCT imaging},
year = {2011},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=CLEO_SI-2011-CWB1},
doi = {10.1364/CLEO_SI.2011.CWB1},
abstract = {A novel Fourier-domain mode locked (FDML) laser design is presented, yielding the highest wavelength sweep speed reported so far around 1050nm. This enables retinal imaging over a ~70{\textdegree} ultra-wide field of view.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.889669,
author = {Cedric Blatter and Branislav Grajciar and Christoph M. Eigenwillig and Wolfgang Wieser and Benjamin R. Biedermann and Robert Huber and Rainer A. Leitgeb},
title = {{High-speed functional OCT with self-reconstructive Bessel illumination at 1300 nm}},
volume = {8091},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Techniques V},
editor = {Rainer A. Leitgeb and Brett E. Bouma},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {809104},
abstract = {We present a Bessel beam illumination FDOCT setup with FDML buffered swept source at 1300nm. An extended focus
is achieved due to the Bessel beam that preserves its lateral extend over a large depth range. Decoupling the illumination
from the Gaussian detection improves the sensitivity as compared to double passing the ring filter and enables dark field
imaging. Dark field imaging is useful to avoid strong reflexes from the sample's surface that adversely affect the
sensitivity due to the limited dynamic range of high-speed 8bit acquisition cards. Furthermore, Bessel beams exhibit a
self-reconstruction property that allows imaging even behind obstacles such as hairs on skin.
Densely sampled volumes of skin in-vivo with high lateral resolution are acquired at up to 440kHz A-Scan rate. In
addition the possibility of contrasting capillaries with high sensitivity is shown, using inter-B-scan speckle variance
analysis. High-speed imaging is of crucial importance for imaging small details since sample motion artifacts are
reduced and high sampling can be maintained while increasing the B-Scan rate.},
keywords = {Extended focus, Bessel beam, Self-reconstructive illumination, Dark field imaging, Dermatology, Microcirculation imaging, FDML, Swept Source},
year = {2011},
doi = {10.1117/12.889669},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.889669}
}

@article{Todor:11,
author = {Sebastian Todor and Benjamin Biedermann and Wolfgang Wieser and Robert Huber and Christian Jirauschek},
journal = {Opt. Express},
keywords = {Laser theory; Lasers, tunable; Optical coherence tomography; Linewidth; Laser sources; Mode locking; Power spectra; Semiconductor lasers; Swept lasers; Tunable lasers},
number = {9},
pages = {8802--8807},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Instantaneous lineshape analysis of Fourier domain mode-locked lasers},
volume = {19},
month = {Apr},
year = {2011},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-9-8802},
doi = {10.1364/OE.19.008802},
abstract = {We present a theoretical and experimental analysis of the instantaneous lineshape of Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers, yielding good agreement. The simulations are performed employing a recently introduced model for FDML operation. Linewidths around 10 GHz are found, which is significantly below the sweep filter bandwidth. The effect of detuning between the sweep filter drive frequency and cavity roundtrip time is studied revealing features that cannot be resolved in the experiment, and shifting of the instantaneous power spectrum against the sweep filter center frequency is analyzed. We show that, in contrast to most other semiconductor based lasers, the instantaneous linewidth is governed neither by external noise sources nor by amplified spontaneous emission, but it is directly determined by the complex FDML dynamics.},
}