@article{Balles1990,
   author = {Balles, M. W. and Puliafito, C. A. and Damico, D. J. and Jacobson, J. J. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Semiconductor Diode-Laser Photocoagulation in Retinal Vascular-Disease},
   journal = {Ophthalmology},
   volume = {97},
   number = {11},
   pages = {1553-1561},
   note = {Eg630
Times Cited:32
Cited References Count:22},
   ISSN = {0161-6420},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1990EG63000032},
   year = {1990},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Vogel1990,
   author = {Vogel, A. and Schweiger, P. and Frieser, A. and Asiyo, M. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Wirkungsmechanismen, Schadensreichweite und Reduzierung von Nebenwirkungen bei der intraokularen Nd:YAG-Laserchirurgie},
   journal = {Fortschritte der Ophthalmologie},
   volume = {87},
   number = {6},
   pages = {675-687},
   keywords = {Oeil pathologie
Animal
Prévention
Physiopathologie
Complication
In vitro
Cornée
Oeil
Néodyme
Laser YAG
Laser
Chirurgie},
   year = {1990}
}

@article{Gabel1989,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R. and Lorenz, B. and Lang, G. K.},
   title = {Clinical observations of six cases of laser injury to the eye},
   journal = {Health Phys},
   volume = {56},
   number = {5},
   pages = {705-10},
   note = {0017-9078 (Print)
Journal Article},
   abstract = {During the last decade, five patients with laser injuries were examined at the University of Munich Eye Clinic, in addition to one laser-injury patient at the University of Erlangen Eye Clinic. From a review of these cases, it is possible to gain an insight into factors that led to the eye injuries and to predict the clinical sequelae of laser retinal injury. A possible means of treatment, using an ophthalmic Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, is suggested for some types of retinal injury involving vitreal hemorrhage.},
   keywords = {*Accidents, Occupational
Adult
Eye Injuries/*etiology
Female
Humans
Lasers/*adverse effects
Male
Retinal Hemorrhage/etiology
Retinal Perforations/etiology},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=2708058},
   year = {1989},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Stern1989,
   author = {Stern, D. and Schoenlein, R. W. and Puliafito, C. A. and Dobi, E. T. and Birngruber, R. and Fujimoto, J. G.},
   title = {Corneal Ablation by Nanosecond, Picosecond, and Femtosecond Lasers at 532 and 625 Nm},
   journal = {Archives of Ophthalmology},
   volume = {107},
   number = {4},
   pages = {587-592},
   note = {U0978
Times Cited:108
Cited References Count:39},
   ISSN = {0003-9950},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1989U097800031},
   year = {1989},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Birngruber1989,
   author = {Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Laser output characteristics},
   journal = {Health Phys},
   volume = {56},
   number = {5},
   pages = {605-11},
   note = {0017-9078 (Print)
Journal Article
Review},
   abstract = {Certain aspects of laser radiation play an important role in laser safety. After a short description of basic laser principles, the unique characteristics of laser light are explained in a phenomenological manner. The enormously wide range of laser output parameters is demonstrated and correlated to typical medical laser applications. Temporal and spatial modes of laser operation are explained in greater detail because of their importance in laser safety.},
   keywords = {Humans
*Lasers/adverse effects/diagnostic use/therapeutic use
Technology, Radiologic},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=2651357},
   year = {1989},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Gabel1989,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R. and Gunther-Koszka, H. and Puliafito, C. A.},
   title = {Nd:YAG laser photodisruption of hemorrhagic detachment of the internal limiting membrane},
   journal = {Am J Ophthalmol},
   volume = {107},
   number = {1},
   pages = {33-7},
   note = {0002-9394 (Print)
Case Reports
Journal Article},
   abstract = {We used a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser to create an opening in the internal limiting membrane in three eyes with hemorrhagic detachment of the internal limiting membrane. In all instances, after membranotomy blood was rapidly cleared from the preretinal space resulting in prompt improvement in visual acuity. No retinal injury was observed. Nd:YAG laser photodisruption may be useful in the treatment of some cases of subinternal limiting hemorrhages.},
   keywords = {Adult
Female
Fundus Oculi
Humans
Lasers/therapeutic use
*Light Coagulation
Male
Middle Aged
Retinal Detachment/pathology/*therapy
Retinal Hemorrhage/pathology/*therapy},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=2912113},
   year = {1989},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Zysset1989,
   author = {Zysset, B. and Fujimoto, J. G. and Puliafito, C. A. and Birngruber, R. and Deutsch, T. F.},
   title = {Picosecond Optical-Breakdown - Tissue Effects and Reduction of Collateral Damage},
   journal = {Lasers in Surgery and Medicine},
   volume = {9},
   number = {3},
   pages = {193-204},
   note = {U7627
Times Cited:72
Cited References Count:36},
   ISSN = {0196-8092},
   DOI = {DOI 10.1002/lsm.1900090302},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1989U762700001},
   year = {1989},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Lorenz1988,
   author = {Lorenz, B. and Birngruber, R. and Gabel, V. P.},
   title = {[Experimental studies of the occlusion of choroid blood vessels by infrared coagulation with reference to tumor therapy]},
   journal = {Fortschr Ophthalmol},
   volume = {85},
   number = {6},
   pages = {726-30},
   note = {0723-8045 (Print)
Comparative Study
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
Arteries/surgery
Choroid/*blood supply
Laser Surgery/*methods
Rabbits},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3220392},
   year = {1988},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Heidenkummer1988,
   author = {Heidenkummer, H. P. and Birngruber, R. and Lorenz, B. and Gabel, V. P. and Gao, L. and Tang, S.},
   title = {[Experimental studies of trans-scleral continuous wave Nd:YAG laser coagulation of the ciliary body]},
   journal = {Fortschr Ophthalmol},
   volume = {85},
   number = {6},
   pages = {637-41},
   note = {0723-8045 (Print)
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
Ciliary Body/pathology/*surgery
Intraocular Pressure
Laser Surgery/*methods
Rabbits
Sclera/*surgery},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3220377},
   year = {1988},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Gabel1988,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Nasemann, J. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Fluorescein Angiography with the Laser-Scanning Ophthalmoscope},
   journal = {Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde},
   volume = {193},
   number = {4},
   pages = {438-438},
   note = {Q9679
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0023-2165},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1988Q967900035},
   year = {1988},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Gabel1988,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R. and Nasemann, J.},
   title = {Fluorescein angiography with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO)},
   journal = {Lasers Light Ophthalmol},
   volume = {2},
   number = {1},
   pages = {35-40},
   year = {1988},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Birngruber1988,
   author = {Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Light-Induced Retinal Damage Produced by Equipment Used for Ophthalmological Examination and Treatment},
   journal = {Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde},
   volume = {192},
   number = {3},
   pages = {265-265},
   note = {M6889
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0023-2165},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1988M688900039},
   year = {1988},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Birngruber1988,
   author = {Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Principles of Ophthalmological Laser Applications},
   journal = {Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde},
   volume = {192},
   number = {3},
   pages = {264-264},
   note = {M6889
Times Cited:1
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0023-2165},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1988M688900037},
   year = {1988},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Birngruber1988,
   author = {Birngruber, R. and Fujimoto, J. G. and Puliafito, C. A. and Schoenlein, R. W. and Lin, W. Z. and Gawande, A.},
   title = {[Retinal effects produced by femotosecond laser pulse]},
   journal = {Fortschr Ophthalmol},
   volume = {85},
   number = {6},
   pages = {699-704},
   note = {0723-8045 (Print)
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
Fluorescein Angiography
Lasers/*adverse effects
Ophthalmoscopy
Rabbits
Retina/*injuries/pathology},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3220388},
   year = {1988},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Gabel1988,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R. and Nasemann, J.},
   title = {[The scanning laser ophthalmoscope and its use as a fluorescein angiography instrument]},
   journal = {Fortschr Ophthalmol},
   volume = {85},
   number = {5},
   pages = {569-73},
   note = {0723-8045 (Print)
Case Reports
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Child
Fluorescein Angiography/*instrumentation
Humans
Lasers/*diagnostic use
Macular Degeneration/diagnosis
Male
*Ophthalmoscopes
Retinal Diseases/*diagnosis},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3224934},
   year = {1988},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Gabel1987,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Kozma, M. and Zink, H. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {[Behavior of postoperative intraocular pressure following iridectomy and capsulotomy using a neodymium:YAG laser with reference to the effect of indomethacin]},
   journal = {Fortschr Ophthalmol},
   volume = {84},
   number = {1},
   pages = {76-9},
   note = {0723-8045 (Print)
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   keywords = {*Cataract Extraction
Glaucoma/*surgery
Humans
Indomethacin/*therapeutic use
Intraocular Pressure/*drug effects
Iris/*surgery
*Laser Surgery
Ocular Hypertension/drug therapy
Postoperative Complications/drug therapy},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3583187},
   year = {1987},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Birngruber,
   author = {Birngruber, R. and Puliafito, C. A. and Gawande, A. and Lin, W. Z. and Schoenlein, R. W. and Fujimoto, J. G.},
   title = {Femtosecond Laser Tissue Interactions: Retinal Injury Studies},
   journal = {IEEE J Quant Electr},
   volume = {23},
   number = {10},
   pages = {1836-1844},
   year = {1987}
}

@article{Gabel1987,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Retinal photocoagulation with different wavelength},
   journal = {Folia Ophthalmol Jpn},
   volume = {38},
   pages = {1660-1669},
   year = {1987},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Birngruber1987,
   author = {Birngruber, R. and Lorenz, B. and Gabel, V. P.},
   title = {[Retinal temperature stabilization based on choroid circulation]},
   journal = {Fortschr Ophthalmol},
   volume = {84},
   number = {1},
   pages = {92-5},
   note = {0723-8045 (Print)
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
*Body Temperature Regulation
Choroid/*blood supply
*Laser Surgery
Rabbits
Retina/*physiology},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3583190},
   year = {1987},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Gabel1986,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R. and Lorenz, B.},
   title = {Clinical relevance of a dosage device for laser photocoagulation},
   journal = {Klin Monbl Augenheilkd},
   volume = {188},
   number = {4},
   pages = {263-5},
   note = {Gabel, V P
Birngruber, R
Lorenz, B
GERMANY, WEST
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1986 Apr;188(4):263-5.},
   abstract = {Fundus reflectometry constitutes a procedure with which dosage can be precisely regulated during the coagulation process. During retinal coagulation, for example, it is possible with this method to administer coagulations of uniform intensity regardless of variations in either the quality of the fundus image or the absorption of the pigmented structures. This can be useful for coagulation procedures which have to be confined for the most part to the pigment epithelium, as for example in the treatment of central serous retinopathy or in panretinal photocoagulation, where the functional therapeutic principle is still not clearly understood. Another area of application for reflectometric laser coagulation will be laser trabeculoplasty, in which barely detectable lesions have to be placed in the trabecular meshwork.},
   keywords = {*Computers
Diabetic Retinopathy/surgery
Humans
*Laser Therapy
Pigment Epithelium of Eye/surgery
Retinal Detachment/surgery
Retinal Diseases/*surgery
Retinal Vein/surgery
Trabecular Meshwork/surgery
AutoPhoN},
   ISSN = {0023-2165 (Print)
0023-2165 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1055/s-2008-1050625},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3723965},
   year = {1986},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Lorenz1986,
   author = {Lorenz, B. and Ganson, N. and Stein, H. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {[CW neodymium: YAG laser photocoagulation of the rabbit fundus--effect on the choroid and sclera in comparison to argon laser photocoagulation]},
   journal = {Fortschr Ophthalmol},
   volume = {83},
   number = {4},
   pages = {436-40},
   note = {0723-8045 (Print)
Comparative Study
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
Argon
Choroid/*injuries
Laser Surgery/*methods
Neodymium
Rabbits
Retina/*injuries
Sclera/*injuries},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3770614},
   year = {1986},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Neubauer1985,
   author = {Neubauer, L. and Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {[Corneal endothelial changes in anterior capsulotomy and postcataract membranotomy with the neodymium:YAG laser]},
   journal = {Fortschr Ophthalmol},
   volume = {82},
   number = {1},
   pages = {80-2},
   note = {0723-8045 (Print)
Comparative Study
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Cataract Extraction/*adverse effects/methods
Cornea/*injuries/pathology
Endothelium/pathology
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Lasers/*adverse effects},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=3997004},
   year = {1985},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Gabel1985,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Neubauer, L. and Zink, H. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Ocular Side-Effects Following Neodymium - Yag Laser Irradiation},
   journal = {International Ophthalmology Clinics},
   volume = {25},
   number = {3},
   pages = {137-149},
   note = {Asd03
Times Cited:4
Cited References Count:16},
   ISSN = {0020-8167},
   DOI = {Doi 10.1097/00004397-198502530-00011},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:A1985ASD0300010},
   year = {1985},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hiemer1985,
   author = {Hiemer, H. and Hutter, H. and Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Retinal damage in neodymium:YAG laser surgery in the area of the vitreous body},
   journal = {Fortschr Ophthalmol},
   volume = {82},
   number = {5},
   pages = {447-9},
   note = {0723-8045 (Print)
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
Lasers/*adverse effects
Microscopy, Electron
Rabbits
Retina/*injuries
Vitreous Body/*surgery},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=4076966},
   year = {1985},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Birngruber,
   author = {Birngruber, R. and Hillenkamp, F. and Gabel, V. P.},
   title = {Theoretical investigations of laser thermal retinal injury},
   journal = {Health Phys},
   volume = {48},
   number = {6},
   pages = {781-96},
   note = {0017-9078 (Print)
Journal Article},
   abstract = {A thermal damage model including heat conduction for retinal lesions is described to explain thermal threshold damage and compare it to experimental values in the regime of 1 ms to 300 ms. With the aid of these model calculations unspecific thermal damage (denaturation of proteins) could be separated from thermally induced damage to the photoreceptors. Furthermore, the thermal model allows an extrapolation to hazards to the fundus from intense light irradiation that have not been investigated experimentally.},
   keywords = {Animals
Eye Proteins
Heat/*adverse effects
Lasers/*adverse effects
Macaca
Mathematics
Models, Biological
Protein Denaturation
Rabbits
Retina/*injuries},
   year = {1985}
}

@article{Hutter1985,
   author = {Hutter, H. and Hiemer, H. and Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {[Thermal neodymium:YAG laser effects on the retina]},
   journal = {Fortschr Ophthalmol},
   volume = {82},
   number = {5},
   pages = {443-6},
   note = {0723-8045 (Print)
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Animals
Choroid/injuries
Lasers/*adverse effects
Rabbits
Retina/*injuries/pathology
Retinal Hemorrhage/pathology},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=4076965},
   year = {1985},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Birngruber1984,
   author = {Birngruber, R. and Gabel, V. P.},
   title = {Augengefährdung durch Lasereffekte in Diskotheken},
   journal = {Sozialpädiatrie Prax Klin},
   volume = {6},
   number = {9},
   pages = {487-494},
   year = {1984},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Scheiffarth1984,
   author = {Scheiffarth, O. F. and Ludwig, K. and Birngruber, R. and Gabel, V. P. and von Meyer, L.},
   title = {Chemical studies of intraocular lenses after experimental generation of lesions by a short-pulsed Nd-YAG laser},
   journal = {Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol},
   volume = {222},
   number = {1},
   pages = {43-4},
   note = {0721-832X (Print)
Journal Article},
   abstract = {It is theoretically possible that lesions generated by a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser could lead to chemical changes in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lenses. These changes could be of clinical relevance. Therefore, we measured the residual monomer content of intraocular lenses before and after generation of lesions by means of a short-pulsed Nd-YAG laser. Despite the explosive destruction of the lens surface caused by this type of laser, there is no measurable release of monomer in the sense of a depolymerization of the PMMA material, even when over 100 lesions are generated. The lesions generated on intraocular PMMA lenses with the Nd-YAG laser are predominantly of a mechanical nature and include the chipping away of small particles from the intraocular lens.},
   keywords = {Lasers/*adverse effects
*Lenses, Intraocular
Methylmethacrylates/*radiation effects},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=6510725},
   year = {1984},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Birngruber1984,
   author = {Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Die Lichtbelastung unbehandelter Netzhautareale bei der Photokoagulation},
   journal = {Fortschr Ophthalmol},
   volume = {81},
   number = {2},
   pages = {147-9},
   note = {0723-8045 (Print)
English Abstract
Journal Article},
   keywords = {Humans
Light Coagulation/*adverse effects
Retina/*injuries},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=6735303},
   year = {1984},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Gabel1984,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R. and Lachenmayr, B.},
   title = {Ist der Krypton-Laser anderen Lichtquellen zur Koagulation der Netzhaut überlegen?},
   journal = {Fortschr Ophthalmol},
   volume = {81},
   pages = {150-153},
   year = {1984},
   type = {Journal Article}
}