@article{10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.035002,
author = {Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt and Michael Wang-Evers and Naja Meyer-Schell and Daniel Karasik and Malte J. Casper and Tim Eixmann and Felix Hilge and Reginald Birngruber and Dieter Manstein and Gereon H{\"u}ttmann},
title = {{Optical coherence tomography needle probe for real-time visualization of temperature-induced phase changes within subcutaneous fatty tissue}},
volume = {30},
journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},
number = {3},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {035002},
abstract = {Significance: Selective cryolipolysis is a widely used aesthetic procedure that cools subcutaneous adipose tissue to temperatures as low as −11°C to induce fat cell destruction. However, real-time monitoring techniques are lacking, limiting the ability to optimize safety and efficacy. Traditional imaging methods either fail to provide adequate penetration depth or lack the resolution necessary for visualizing subcutaneous fatty tissue dynamics.Aim: This paper aims to demonstrate that an optical coherence tomography (OCT) needle probe can be used for real-time observation of temperature-induced changes in subcutaneous fatty tissue, potentially enhancing the assessment and optimization of cryolipolysis procedures.Approach: We developed a side-viewing OCT-based needle probe designed for subcutaneous imaging. The probe consists of a fiber-optic system encased in a transparent, biocompatible polymer catheter with an outer diameter of 900 μm. A 49-degree angled fiber enables imaging, while a piezoelectric scanning system moves the fiber transversely within the catheter. The probe achieves a lateral resolution of <15 μm, a working distance of 600 μm, and a lateral field of view dictated by the scanning system length. OCT imaging was performed on porcine skin with a subcutaneous fat layer >3 cm thick during controlled heating and cooling.Results: OCT imaging revealed increased optical scattering in subcutaneous fatty tissue during cooling, corresponding to the phase transition from liquid to solid. This effect was reversible upon warming, indicating that OCT can dynamically monitor adipocyte crystallization in real time. The observed transition temperatures varied, likely due to differences in lipid composition.Conclusions: OCT-based needle imaging enables direct, high-resolution visualization of adipocyte crystallization, offering a potential tool for optimizing selective cryolipolysis treatments. This technology could improve safety and efficacy by providing real-time feedback on tissue response, facilitating a better understanding of the cooling-induced fat reduction process.},
keywords = {optical coherence tomography, endoscope, fiber probe, cryolipolysis, Optical coherence tomography, Adipose tissue, Tissues, Visualization, Crystallization, Skin, Tissue optics, Scattering, Monochromatic aberrations, Refractive index},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.035002},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.30.3.035002}
}

@article{Dolling:24,
author = {Maron Dolling and Lara Buhl and Reginald Birngruber and Gereon H\"{u}ttmann and Hinnerk Schulz-Hildebrandt},
journal = {Appl. Opt.},
keywords = {Distortion; Imaging systems; Optical aberration; Optical components; Spectral domain optical coherence tomography; Systems design},
number = {10},
pages = {2694--2703},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Algorithm and software for field distortion correction in a commercial SD-OCT for corneal curvature assessment},
volume = {63},
month = {Apr},
year = {2024},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ao/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-63-10-2694},
doi = {10.1364/AO.505107},
abstract = {Accurate assessment of corneal curvatures using frequency domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) with galvanometer scanners remains challenging due to the well-known scan field distortion. This paper presents an algorithm and software for correcting the distortion using only two simple measurements in which a readily available standard sphere is positioned in different depths in front of the OCT scanner. This offers a highly accessible and easily reproducible method for the field distortion correction (FDC). The correction was validated by measuring different spherical phantoms and conducting corneal curvature measurements of ex vivo porcine corneas using a commercial spectral-domain OCT system and a clinically approved swept-source OCT as a reference instrument. Thus, the error in radius measurements of spherical phantoms was reduced by \>90\% and astigmatism by \>80\% using FDC. In explanted porcine eyes, the error in astigmatism measurements with the Telesto was reduced by 75\% for power and 70\% for angle. The best fitting sphere radius was determined up to a deviation of 0.4\% from the Anterion. This paper describes a correction algorithm for OCT immanent distortion that is applicable to any scanning OCT setup and enables precise corneal curvature measurements. The MATLAB software for the FDC is publicly available on GitHub.},
}

@article{Schenk-2021,
   author = {Schenk, M S;Wartak, A;Buehler, V;Zhao, J;Tearney, G J;Birngruber, R and Kassumeh, S},
   title = {Advances in Imaging of Subbasal Corneal Nerves With Micro–Optical Coherence Tomography},
   journal = {Tvst},
keywords = {corneal nerves; micro–optical coherence tomography; subbasal plexus},
   volume = {10 (13)},
   pages = {22-22},
   ISSN = {2164-2591},
   DOI = {10.1167/tvst.10.13.22},

   year = {2021},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Seifert2021,
   author = {Seifert, E;Tode, J;Pielen, A;Theisen-Kunde, D;Framme, C;Roider, J;Miura, Y;Birngruber, R and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Algorithms for optoacoustically controlled selective retina therapy (SRT)},
   journal = {Photoacoustics},
Keywords = {SRT; Lasers in medicine; Ophthalmology; RPE; Selectivity; Algorithm; Retina therapy; Optoacoustics; Feedback},
   volume = {25},
   pages = {100316},
   ISSN = {2213-5979},
   url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213597921000756},
   year = {2021},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Seifert2021,
   author = {Seifert, E;Sonntag, S R;Kleingarn, P;Theisen-Kunde, D;Grisanti, S;Birngruber, R;Miura, Y and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Investigations on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Damage at Laser Irradiation in the Lower Microsecond Time Regime},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {62(3)},
  
   pages = {32-32},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   DOI = {10.1167/iovs.62.3.32},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.3.32},
   year = {2021},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Kassumeh2020,
   author = {Kassumeh, S;Luther, J K.;Wertheimer, C M.;Brandt, K;Schenk, M S.;Priglinger, S G.;Wartak, A;Apiou-Sbirlea, G.;Anderson, R. R. and Birngruber, R},
   title = {Corneal Stromal Filler Injection as a Novel Approach to Correct Presbyopia—An Ex Vivo Pilot Study},
   journal = {TVST},
   volume = {9(7)},
  keywords = { presbyopia correction; corneal filler; refractive surgery; femtosecond laser; hyaluronic acid; bifocality},

   pages = {30-30},
   ISSN = {2164-2591},
   
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.9.7.30},
   year = {2020},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Wertheimer2020,
author = {Wertheimer, C M; Brandt, K; Kaminsky, S; Elhardt, C; Kassumeh, S A; Pham, L; Schulz-Hildebrandt, H; Priglinger, S; Anderson, R R and Birngruber, R},

url = {https://www.healio.com/ophthalmology/journals/jrs/2020-6-36-6/%7B8e6aaf40-922c-4998-9c7b-39b47135ec61%7D/refractive-changes-after-corneal-stromal-filler-injection-for-the-correction-of-hyperopia},
journal = {J Refractive Surg},
number = {6(36)},
pages = {406--413},
title = {Refractive Changes After Corneal Stromal Filler Injection for the Correction of Hyperopia},

date = {2020-06-14},
year = {2020},
keywords ={mOCT, HSH}
}

@article{Birngruber2020,
   author = {Elhardt, C;Wertheimer, C M.;Wartak, A;Zhao, J;Leung, H M;Kassumeh, S A.;Yin, B;Tearney, G J. and Birngruber, R},
   title = {Stromal Nerve Imaging and Tracking Using Micro-Optical Coherence Tomography},
   journal = {Translational Vision Science & Technology},
   volume = {9(5)},
  
   pages = {6-6},
   ISSN = {2164-2591},
   Keywords = {optical coherence tomography; micro-OCT; imaging;corneal nerves; diabetes},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.9.5.6},
   year = {2020},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2507866,
author = {Jan Philip Kolb and Daniel Weng and Hubertus Hakert and Matthias Eibl and Wolfgang Draxinger and Tobias Meyer and Thomas Gottschall and Ralf  Brinkmann and Reginald Birngruber and J{\"u}rgen Popp and Jens Limpert and Sebastian Nino Karpf and Robert Huber},
title = {{Virtual HE histology by fiber-based picosecond two-photon microscopy}},
volume = {10882},
booktitle = {Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XIX},
editor = {Ammasi Periasamy and Peter T. C. So and Karsten K{\"o}nig},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {108822F},
abstract = {Two-Photon Microscopy (TPM) can provide three-dimensional morphological and functional contrast in vivo. Through proper staining, TPM can be utilized to create virtual, HE equivalent images and thus can improve throughput in histology-based applications. We previously reported on a new light source for TPM that employs a compact and robust fiber-amplified, directly modulated laser. This laser is pulse-to-pulse wavelength switchable between 1064 nm, 1122 nm, and 1186 nm with an adjustable pulse duration from 50ps to 5ns and arbitrary repetition rates up to 1MHz at kW-peak powers. Despite the longer pulse duration, it can achieve similar average signal levels compared to fs-setups by lowering the repetition rate to achieve similar cw and peak power levels. The longer pulses lead to a larger number of photons per pulse, which yields single shot fluorescence lifetime measurements (FLIM) by applying a fast 4 GSamples/s digitizer. In the previous setup, the wavelengths were limited to 1064 nm and longer. Here, we use four wave mixing in a non-linear photonic crystal fiber to expand the wavelength range down to 940 nm. This wavelength is highly suitable for imaging green fluorescent proteins in neurosciences and stains such as acridine orange (AO), eosin yellow (EY) and sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) used for histology applications. In a more compact setup, we also show virtual HE histological imaging using a direct 1030 nm fiber MOPA.},
keywords = {Multiphoton Microscopy, Four Wave Mixing, FWM, Histology, Laser, Non Linear Microscopy, Two Photon Microscopy, JenLab Young Investigator Award},
year = {2019},
doi = {10.1117/12.2507866},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2507866}
}

@article{seifert2018,
   author = {Seifert, E; Tode, J; Pielen, A; Theisen-Kunde, D; Framme, C; Roider, J; Miura, Y; Birngruber, R and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Selective retina therapy: toward an optically controlled automatic dosing},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   
   pages = {1-12},
   ISSN = {1560-2281 (Electronic)
1083-3668 (Linking)},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.JBO.23.11.115002},   
keywords = {algorithm, lasers in medicine, ophthalmology, retinal pigment epithelium, selective retina therapy, selectivity},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Sudkamp2018a,
   author = {Sudkamp, H; Hillmann, D; Koch, P;vom Endt, M; Spahr, H; Münst, M; Pfäffle, C; Birngruber, R and Hüttmann, G},
   title = {Simple approach for aberration-corrected OCT imaging of the human retina},
   journal = {Opt Lett},
   
   pages = {4224},
   ISSN = {0146-9592
1539-4794},
   DOI = {10.1364/ol.43.004224},
   year = {2018},
   type = {Journal Article},
   keyword = {Retome}
}

@article{Baade2017,
   author = {Baade, A; von der Burchard, C; Lawin, M; Koinzer, S; Schmarbeck, B; Schlott, K; Miura, Y; Roider, J; Birngruber, R and Brinkmann, R},
   title = {Power-controlled temperature guided retinal laser therapy},
   journal = {J Biomed Opt},
   
   pages = {1-11},
   ISSN = {1083-3668},
   DOI = {10.1117/1.jbo.22.11.118001},
   year = {2017},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{RN4897,
   author = {Sudkamp, Helge and Koch, Peter and Spahr, Hendrik and Hillmann, Dierck and Franke, Gesa and Münst, Michael and Reinholz, Fred and Birngruber, Reginald and Hüttmann, Gereon},
   title = {In-vivo retinal imaging with off-axis full-field time-domain optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Optics Letters},
   volume = {41},
   number = {21},
   pages = {4987-4990},
   DOI = {10.1364/OL.41.004987},
   url = {http://ol.osa.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-41-21-4987},
   year = {2016},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Wang2015,
   author = {Wang, S. and Huttmann, G. and Zhang, Z. and Vogel, A. and Birngruber, R. and Tangutoori, S. and Hasan, T. and Rahmanzadeh, R.},
   title = {Light-Controlled Delivery of Monoclonal Antibodies for Targeted Photoinactivation of Ki-67},
   journal = {Mol Pharm},
   note = {1543-8392
Wang, Sijia
Huttmann, Gereon
Zhang, Zhenxi
Vogel, Alfred
Birngruber, Reginald
Tangutoori, Shifalika
Hasan, Tayyaba
Rahmanzadeh, Ramtin
Journal article
Mol Pharm. 2015 Aug 13.},
   abstract = {The selective inhibition of intracellular and nuclear molecules such as Ki-67 holds great promise for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. However, the choice of the target protein and the intracellular delivery of the functional agent remain crucial challenges. Main hurdles are (a) an effective delivery into cells, (b) endosomal escape of the delivered agents, and (c) an effective, externally triggered destruction of cells. Here we show a light-controlled two-step approach for selective cellular delivery and cell elimination of proliferating cells. Three different cell-penetrating nano constructs, including liposomes, conjugates with the nuclear localization sequence (NLS), and conjugates with the cell penetrating peptide Pep-1, delivered the light activatable antibody conjugate TuBB-9-FITC, which targets the proliferation associated protein Ki-67. HeLa cells were treated with the photosensitizer benzoporphyrin monoacid derivative (BPD) and the antibody constructs. In the first optically controlled step, activation of BPD at 690 nm triggered a controlled endosomal escape of the TuBB-9-FITC constructs. In more than 75% of Ki-67 positive, irradiated cells TuBB-9-FITC antibodies relocated within 24 h from cytoplasmic organelles to the cell nucleus and bound to Ki-67. After a second light irradiation at 490 nm, which activated FITC, cell viability decreased to approximately 13%. Our study shows an effective targeting strategy, which uses light-controlled endosomal escape and the light inactivation of Ki-67 for cell elimination. The fact that liposomal or peptide-assisted delivery give similar results leads to the additional conclusion that an effective mechanism for endosomal escape leaves greater variability for the choice of the delivery agent.},
   keywords = {endosomal entrapment
liposome
nanotechnology
nuclear localization sequence (NLS)
photodynamic therapy},
   ISSN = {1543-8384},
   DOI = {10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00260},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Hüttmann2015,
   author = {Huttmann, Gereon and Koinzer, Stefan Otto Johannes and Müller, Heike and Ellerkamp, Iris and Baade, Alex and Moltmann, Moritz and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Lange, Birgit and Brinkmann, Ralf and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Predicting ophthalmoscopic visibility of retinal photocoagulation lesions byhigh-speedOCT: an animal studyinrabbits},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {56},
   number = {7},
   pages = {5980-5980},
   ISSN = {1552-5783},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Baade2013,
   author = {Baade, Alexander and Schlott, Kerstin and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {A numerical model for heat and pressure propagation for temperature controlled retinal photocoagulation},
   volume = {8803},
   pages = {88030O-88030O-9},
   note = {10.1117/12.2033590},
   abstract = {Retinal photocoagulation is an established treatment for various retinal diseases. The temperature development during a treatment can be monitored by applying short laser pulses in addition to the treatment laser light. The laser pulses induce thermoelastic pressure waves that can be detected at the cornea. We present a numerical model to examine the temperature development during the treatment as well as the formation and propagation of the ultrasonic waves. Using the model, it is possible to determine the peak temperature during retinal photocoagulation from the measured signal, and investigate the behaviour of the temperature profile and the accuracy of the temperature determination under varying conditions such as inhomogeneous pigmentation or change in irradiation parameters. It was shown that there is an uncertainty of 2.5 -9% in the determination of the peak temperature when the absorption coefficient between the absorbing layers is varied by a factor of 2. Furthermore the model was extended in order to incorporate the photoacoustic pressure generation and wave propagation. It was shown that for an irradiation pulse duration of 75 ns the resulting pressure wave energy is attenuated by 76 % due to frequency dependent attenuation in water.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2033590},
   type = {Conference Proceedings}, 
year = { 2013}
}

@article{Koinzer2012,
   author = {Koinzer, S. and Schlott, K. and Ptaszynski, L. and Bever, M. and Kleemann, S. and Saeger, M. and Baade, A. and Caliebe, A. and Miura, Y. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Temperature-controlled retinal photocoagulation - a step toward automated laser treatment},
   journal = {Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci},
   volume = {53},
   number = {7},
   pages = {3605-14},
   note = {Using Smart Source Parsing
Jun 14; Print 2012 Jul},
   abstract = {Purpose. Retinal laser photocoagulation carries the risk of overtreatment due to effect variation of identically applied lesions. The degree of coagulation depends on the induced temperature increase and on exposure time. We introduce temperature controlled photocoagulation (TCP), which uses optoacoustics to determine individually exposure times necessary to create reproducible lesions. Methods. Optoacoustic temperature measurement relies on pressure waves that are excited in the retinal tissue by repetitive low-energy laser pulses. Signal amplitudes correlate with tissue temperature and are detected by a transducer in the laser contact lens. We used a continuous wave (CW) photocoagulator for treatment irradiation and superimposed probe laser pulses for simultaneous temperature measurement. Optoacoustic data of 1500 lesions (rabbit) were evaluated to develop an algorithm that controls exposure times automatically in TCP. Lesion diameters of 156 TCP lesions were compared to 156 non-controlled lesions. Histology was performed after 1 hour, and 1 and 4 weeks. Results. TCP resulted in exposure times from 4 to 800 ms depending on laser power chosen. Ophthalmoscopic and histologic lesion diameters were independent of power between 14 and 200 mW. TCP lesions barely were visible with a mean diameter equal to the treatment beam (130 mum). In contrast, standard lesion diameters increased linearly and statistically significantly with power. Histology confirmed sparing of the ganglion and nerve fiber layers in TCP. Conclusions. TCP facilitates uniform retinal lesions over a wide power range. In a clinical setting, it should generate soft and reproducible lesions independently of local tissue variation and improve safety, particularly at short exposure times.},
   year = {2012}
}

@book{RN5360,
   author = {Brinkmann, Ralf;Koinzer, Stefan;Schlott, Kerstin;Ptaszynski, Lars;Bever, Marco;Baade, Alex;Miura, Yoko;Birngruber, Reginald and Roider, Johann},
   title = {Realtime temperature determination during retinal photocoagulation on patients},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {7885},
   series = {SPIE BiOS},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875276},
   year = {2011},
   type = {Book}
}

@article{Framme2008,
   author = {Framme, C. and Roider, J. and Brinkmann, R. and Birngruber, R. and Gabel, V. P.},
   title = {Basic principles and clinical application of retinal laser therapy},
   journal = {Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde},
   volume = {225},
   number = {4},
   pages = {259-268},
   note = {301AZ
Times Cited:3
Cited References Count:39},
   abstract = {The scientific background of laser photocoagulation of the ocular fundus was studied extensively by several investigators in the 1970 s and 1980 s. The basic principles were succesfully resolved during that time and clinical consequences for proper application of the laser photocoagulation for various diseases were deduced. The present paper gives an overview about the physical basics of laser-tissue interactions during and after retinal laser treatment and the particular laser strategies in the treatment of different retinal diseases. Thus, it addresses the issue of the impact on tissue of laser parameters as wavelength, spot size, pulse duration and laser power. Additionally, the different biological tissue reactions after laser treatment are presented, such as, e.g., for retinopexia or macular treatments as well as for diabetic retinopathies. Specific laser strategies such as the selective laser treatment of the RPE (SRT) or the transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) are presented and discussed.},
   keywords = {retina
anatomy
vitreous
subfoveal choroidal neovascularization
central vein occlusion
transpupillary thermotherapy
macular degeneration
pigment epithelium
photocoagulation
argon
trial
rpe
diseases},
   ISSN = {0023-2165},
   DOI = {DOI 10.1055/s-2008-1027202},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000255870100001},
   year = {2008},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Framme2001,
   author = {Framme, C. and Schuele, G. and Birngruber, R. and Brinkmann, R. and Roider, J.},
   title = {Autofluorescence imaging after selective RPE laser treatment in macular diseases: A pilot study.},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {42},
   number = {4},
   pages = {S703-S703},
   note = {Suppl. S
427EP
3785
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000168392103748},
   year = {2001},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Brinkmann2001,
   author = {Brinkmann, R. and Schuele, G. and Joachimmeyer, E. and Roider, J. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Determination of absolute fundus temperatures during retinal laser photocoagulation and selective RPE treatment.},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {42},
   number = {4},
   pages = {S696-S696},
   note = {Suppl. S
427EP
3749
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000168392103712},
   year = {2001},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Wirbelauer2001,
   author = {Wirbelauer, C. and Scholz, C. and Hoerauf, H. and Bastian, G. O. and Engelhardt, R. and Birngruber, R. and Laqua, H.},
   title = {Examination of the cornea using optical coherence tomography},
   journal = {Ophthalmologe},
   volume = {98},
   number = {2},
   pages = {151-156},
   note = {403KQ
Times Cited:34
Cited References Count:18},
   abstract = {Introduction. This study evaluated the clinical use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for two-dimensional representation of the cornea.
Patients and methods. Noncontact slit-lamp-adapted OCT was used in selected cases to evaluate pathologically altered corneas and to measure the central corneal thickness and curvature.
Results. OCT provided correlation between differences in reflection and morphological changes. Scar tissue resulted in hyperreflective light scattering, wheras cystic lesions were hyporeflective. Precise biomorphometry also allowed representation of intrastromal and retrocorneal changes. Central corneal thickness measured by OCT yielded reproducible values and corn be calculated from the optical signals of the corneal surface.
Conclusions. OCT provides high-resolution representation of the cornea and exact evaluation of its morphology, thickness, and curvature. Due to the noncontact, simple,and rapid examination using the slitlamp the corneal OCT method is a promising additional diagnostic modality.},
   keywords = {optical coherence tomography
cornea
pachymetry
profilometry
thickness measurements
in-vivo
pachymetry
topography
eye},
   ISSN = {0941-293X},
   DOI = {DOI 10.1007/s003470170176},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000167041400005},
   year = {2001},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Elsner2001,
   author = {Elsner, H. G. and Niemeyer, M. and Birngruber, R. and Laqua, H. and Schmidt-Erfurth, U.},
   title = {Imaging of choroidal neovascularization: A comparison of optical coherence tomography and topographic angiography.},
   journal = {Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
   volume = {42},
   number = {4},
   pages = {S795-S795},
   note = {Suppl. S
427EP
4262
Times Cited:0
Cited References Count:0},
   ISSN = {0146-0404},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000168392104225},
   year = {2001},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@inproceedings{Radt-2001,
   author = {Radt, Benno and Serbin, Jesper and Lange, Bjoern I. and Birngruber, Reginald and Huettmann, Gereon},
   title = {Laser-generated micro- and nanoeffects: inactivation of proteins coupled to gold nanoparticles with nano- and picosecond pulses},
   editor = {Reginald, Birngruber and Hubert van den, Bergh},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {4433},
   pages = {16-24},
year = { 2001},
URL = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.446518}

}

@article{Hüttmann,
   author = {Hüttmann, G. and Serbin, J. and Radt, B. and Lange, Björn I. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Model system for investigating laser-induced subcellular microeffects.},
   journal = {Proc SPIE},
   volume = {4257},
   pages = {398-409},
   year = {2001}
}

@inproceedings{Schuele2001,
   author = {Schuele, Georg and Joachimmeyer, Elke and Framme, Carsten and Roider, Johann and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Optoacoustic control system for selective treatment of the retinal pigment epithelium},
   volume = {4256},
   pages = {71-76},
   note = {10.1117/12.429323},
   abstract = {The selective damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a new treatment method for several retinal diseases. By applying a train of microsecond(s) laser pulses it is possible to selectively damage these cells and simultaneously spare the adjacent photoreceptor and neural tissue. Due to the ophthalmologic invisibility of the RPE cell damage we investigate an optoacoustic (OA) control system to monitor the RPE cell damage. Setup: The irradiation was performed with a frequency doubled Nd:YLF laser by applying a train of +s laser pulses. In vitro, the OA transients were received by an ultrasonic broadband transducer. During treatment an OA contact lens with embedded transducer was used. In vitro: Freshly enucleated porcine RPE samples with CalceinAM as life/death staining were used. Below RPE cell damage threshold a classic thermoelastic transient was found. Above cell damage threshold the OA transient differs form pulse to pulse. This can be explained by microbubble formation around the strong absorbing melanosomes inside the RPE cells. In vivo: We found the same pulse to pulse deviations of the OA transient above the fluoresceine angiographic detectable RPE damage threshold during treatment. This system give us a new approach to non-invasively monitor the selective RPE treatment.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.429323},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2001}
}

@inproceedings{Schuele2001-1,
   author = {Schuele, Georg and Joachimmeyer, Elke and Framme, Carsten and Roider, Johann and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Optoacoustic detection of selective RPE cell damage during μs-laser irradiation},
   volume = {4433},
   pages = {92-96},
   note = {10.1117/12.446507},
   abstract = {Objective: The selective damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with repetitive microsecond(s) laser pulses is a new technique for the treatment of several retinal diseases. RPE can selectively be damaged by simultaneously sparing off the adjacent photoreceptor tissue. Objective of this study is to investigate whether optoacoustic (OA) transients occurring during irradiation might be used to control the invisible treatment effect. Setup: A train of frequency doubled Nd:YLF laser pulses (527 nm, 1.7microsecond(s) pulse length, 500Hz rep. rate) were applied via a laser slit lamp on porcine RPE samples. The acoustic transients were recorded with a broadband transducer. Results: At low radiant exposures (<100 mJ/cm2) we found a bipolar pressure transient due to thermo-elastic expansion of the RPE. The pressure waves from the individual pulses of one pulse train show nearly identical transients. The transients differ slightly from different sites on the sample. At higher radiant exposures (>150 mJ/cm2), the OA transients differ from pulse to pulse within a pulse train, which can be attributed to microbubble formation around the strong absorbing melanosomes inside the RPE cells. FFT spectra of the OA transients show slight differences in the frequency spectrum with the different radiant exposures.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.446507},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
   year = { 2001}
}

@article{Birngruber2001,
   author = {Arnold, J. and Kilmartin, D. and Olson, J. and Neville, S. and Robinson, K. and Birngruber, R. and  Laird, A. and Richmond, C. and Farrow, A. and McKay, S. and Saperstein, D. A. and Aaberg, T. M. and Johnson, J. B. and Waldron, R. and Loupe, D. and Gillman, J. and Myles, B. and Schachat, A. P. and Bressler, N. M. and Bressler, S. B. and Nesbitt, P. and Porter, T. and Hawse, P. and Hartnett, M. and Eager, A. and Belt, J. and Cain, D. and Emmert, D. and George, T. and Herring, M. and McDonald, J. and Mones, J. and Corcostegui, B. and Gilbert, M. and Duran, N. and Sisquella, M. and Nolla, A. and Margalef, A. and Miller, J. W. and Gragoudas, E. S. and Lane, A. M. and Emmanuel, N. and Holbrook, A. and Evans, C. and Lord, U. S. and Walsh, D. K. and Callahan, C. D. and DuBois, J. L. and Lewis, H. and Kaiser, P. K. and Holody, L. J. and Lesak, E. and Lichterman, S. and Siegel, H. and Fattori, A. and Ambrose, G. and Fecko, T. and Ross, D. and Burke, S. and Singerman, L. and Zegarra, H. and Novak, M. and Bartel, M. and Tilocco-DuBois, K. and Iic, M. and Schura, S. and Mayes, S. J. and Tanner, V. and Rowe, P. and Smith-Brewer, S. and Kukula, D. and Greanoff, G. and Daley, G. and DuBois, J. and Lehnhardt, D. and Fish, G. E. and Jost, B. F. and Anand, R. and Callanan, D. and Arceneaux, S. and Arnwine, J. and Ellenich, P. and King, J. and Aguado, H. and Rollins, R. and Jurklies, B. and Pauleikhoff, D. and Hintzmann, A. and Fischer, M. and Sowa, C. and Behne, E. and Pournaras, C. J. and Donati, G. and Kapetanios, A. D. and Cavaliere, K. and Guney-Wagner, S. and Gerber, N. and Sickenberg, M. and Sickenberg, V. and Gans, A. and Hosner, B. and others },
   title = {Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in pathologic myopia with verteporfin - 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial - VIP report no. 1},
   journal = {Ophthalmology},
   volume = {108},
   number = {5},
   pages = {841-852},
   note = {425WW
Times Cited:272
Cited References Count:12},
   abstract = {Objective: To determine if photodynamic therapy with verteporfin (Visudyne; CIBA Vision Corp, Duluth, GA) can improve the chance of stabilizing or improving vision (<8 letter loss) safely in patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) caused by pathologic myopia.
Design: Multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial at 28 ophthalmology practices in Europe and North America.
Participants: One hundred twenty patients with subfoveal CNV caused by pathologic myopia with a greatest linear dimension no more than 5400 <mu>m and best-corrected visual acuity (Snellen equivalent) of approximately 20/100 or better.
Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to verteporfin (6 mg per square meter of body surface area; n = 81) or placebo (5% dextrose in water, n = 39) administered via intravenous infusion of 30 ml over 10 minutes. Fifteen minutes after the start of the infusion, a laser light at 689 nm was delivered at an intensity of 600 mW/cm(2) over 83 seconds to give a light dose of 50 J/cm(2) to a round spot size on the retina with a diameter of 1000 mum larger than the greatest linear dimension of the choroidal neovascular lesion. At follow-up examinations every 3 months, retreatment with either verteporfin or placebo (as assigned at baseline) was applied to areas of fluorescein leakage if present.
Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the proportion of eyes at the follow-up examination 12 months after study entry with fewer than eight letters (approximately 1.5 lines) of visual acuity lost, adhering to an intent-to-treat analysis.
Results: At baseline, move than 90% of each group had evidence of classic CNV (regardless of whether occult CNV was present) and only 12 (15%) and 5 (13%) cases in the verteporfin and placebo groups, respectively, had occult CNV (regardless of whether classic CNV was present). Seventy-nine of the 81 verteporfin-treated patients (98%) compared with 36 of the 39 placebo-treated patients (92%) completed the month 12 examination. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and fluorescein angiographic outcomes were better in the verteporfin-treated eyes than in the placebo-treated eyes at every follow-up examination through the month 12 examination. At the month 12 examination, 58 (72%) of the verteporfin-treated patients compared with 17 (44%) of the placebo-treated patients lost fewer than eight letters (P < 0.01), including 26 (32%) versus 6 (15%) improving at least five letters (<greater than or equal to>1 line). Seventy (86%) of the verteporfin-treated patients compared with 26 (67%) of the placebo-treated patients lost fewer than 15 letters (P = 0.01), Few ocular or other systemic adverse events were associated with verteporfin therapy compared with placebo treatment.
Conclusions: Because photodynamic therapy with verteporfin can safely increase the chance of stabilizing or improving vision in patients with subfoveal CNV from pathologic myopia compared with a placebo, we recommend ophthalmologists consider verteporfin therapy for treatment of such patients. Ophthalmology 2001; 108:841-852 (C) 2001 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.},
   ISSN = {0161-6420},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000168315500020},
   year = {2001},
   type = {Journal Article}
}