@inproceedings{Schuele2001-1,
   author = {Schuele, Georg and Joachimmeyer, Elke and Framme, Carsten and Roider, Johann and Birngruber, Reginald and Brinkmann, Ralf},
   title = {Optoacoustic detection of selective RPE cell damage during μs-laser irradiation},
   volume = {4433},
   pages = {92-96},
   note = {10.1117/12.446507},
   abstract = {Objective: The selective damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with repetitive microsecond(s) laser pulses is a new technique for the treatment of several retinal diseases. RPE can selectively be damaged by simultaneously sparing off the adjacent photoreceptor tissue. Objective of this study is to investigate whether optoacoustic (OA) transients occurring during irradiation might be used to control the invisible treatment effect. Setup: A train of frequency doubled Nd:YLF laser pulses (527 nm, 1.7microsecond(s) pulse length, 500Hz rep. rate) were applied via a laser slit lamp on porcine RPE samples. The acoustic transients were recorded with a broadband transducer. Results: At low radiant exposures (<100 mJ/cm2) we found a bipolar pressure transient due to thermo-elastic expansion of the RPE. The pressure waves from the individual pulses of one pulse train show nearly identical transients. The transients differ slightly from different sites on the sample. At higher radiant exposures (>150 mJ/cm2), the OA transients differ from pulse to pulse within a pulse train, which can be attributed to microbubble formation around the strong absorbing melanosomes inside the RPE cells. FFT spectra of the OA transients show slight differences in the frequency spectrum with the different radiant exposures.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.446507},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
   year = { 2001}
}

@inproceedings{Guerra2001,
   author = {Guerra III, Arnold and Venugopalan, Vasan and Nahen, Kester and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Experimental investigation of optical breakdown using nanosecond 532-nm and 1064-nm laser pulses delivered at high numerical aperture},
   booktitle = {BiOS 2001 The International Symposium on Biomedical Optics},
   publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
   pages = {74-82},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2001},
url = { https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/4260/0000/Experimental-investigation-of-optical-breakdown-using-nanosecond-532-nm-and/10.1117/12.426778.short}
}

@inproceedings{Vogel2001,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred and Brujan, Emil A and Schmidt, Peter and Nahen, Kester},
   title = {Interaction of laser-produced cavitation bubbles with an elastic tissue model},
   booktitle = {BiOS 2001 The International Symposium on Biomedical Optics},
   publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
   pages = {167-177},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
URL = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.434701},
year = { 2001}
}

@inproceedings{Vogel2001,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred and Brujan, Emil A and Schmidt, Peter and Nahen, Kester},
   title = {Interaction of Laser-Produced Cavitation Bubbles with Elastic Boundaries},
   booktitle = {IUTAM Symposium on Free Surface Flows},
   publisher = {Springer},
   pages = {327-335},
   ISBN = {9401038546},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2001}
}

@inproceedings{Rommerscheid2001,
   author = {Rommerscheid, Jan and Theisen, Dirk and Schmuecker, G. and Brinkmann, Ralf and Broll, R.},
   title = {Myocardial expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) after endocardial laser revascularization (ELR)},
   volume = {4433},
   pages = {39-44},
   note = {10.1117/12.446529},
   abstract = {Background. Endocardial laser revascularization (ELR) is a new technique to treat patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) in a percutaneous approach. The results show a significant improvement of symptoms, but the mechanism of action is still unknown. One main theory is the angiogenesis for which Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is the keypromotor. We investigated immunohistochemically the VEGF-expression after ELR in porcine hearts over a timeperiod of four weeks. Methods. ELR was performed with a single-pulse Thulium:YAG laser. 15 pigs were treated with ELR and the hearts were harvested at five timeperiods: directly (group I), 3 days (group II), 1 week (group III), 2 weeks (group IV) and 4 weeks (group V) after ELR. Each group consisted of three pigs. Immunohistochemically the VEGF-expression was assessed by staining with a polyclonal antibody against VEGF and cellcounting using an expression index (VEGF-EI) Results. A maximum of VEGF-expression was found three days (group II) after ELR with a VEGF-EI of 97%. At 1 week (group III) the VEGF-EI was similar high with 93%. Along the timecourse the index decreased to 22% at 4 weeks (groupV). Conclusions. Our findings show that ELR leads to an local upregulation of VEGF around the channels. The resulting angiogenesis could be the mechanism for the relief of angina.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.446529},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 2001}
}

@InProceedings{10.1007/978-3-642-56546-5_133,
author="Huber, Robert
and Sp{\"o}rlein, Sebastian
and Moser, Jacques E.
and Gr{\"a}tzel, Michael
and Wachtveitl, Josef",
title="Surface States Control Ultrafast Electron Injection in Dye/Semiconductor Colloidal Systems",
booktitle="Ultrafast Phenomena XII",
year="2001",
publisher="Springer Berlin Heidelberg",
address="Berlin, Heidelberg",
pages="456--458",
abstract="Electron injection from photoexcited dye molecules into semiconductor colloidal particles (TiO2 and ZrO2) is investigated by femtosecond (fs) spectroscopy. Ultrafast reaction dynamics in the dye/ZrO2-system with an inaccessible conduction band demonstrates efficient electron transfer to surface defect states.",
isbn="978-3-642-56546-5"
}

@inproceedings{Nahen2000,
   author = {Nahen, Kester and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Acoustic signal characteristics during IR laser ablation and their consequences for acoustic tissue discrimination},
   booktitle = {BiOS 2000 The International Symposium on Biomedical Optics},
   publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
   pages = {166-176},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
Year= { 2000}
}

@inproceedings{Brujan2000,
   author = {Brujan, Emil-Alexandru and Nahen, Kester and Schmidt, Peter and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubbles near an elastic boundary used as a tissue phantom},
   booktitle = {NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS AT THE TURN OF THE MILLENNIUM: ISNA 15, 15th International Symposium},
   publisher = {AIP Publishing},
   volume = {524},
   pages = {381-384},
   ISBN = {0094-243X},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
Year = { 2000},
URL = { https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.1309246}
}

@inproceedings{Godwin1999,
   author = {Godwin, Robert P. and Chapyak, Edward J. and Noack, J. and Vogel, A.},
   title = {Aspherical bubble dynamics and oscillation times},
   series = {OSA Technical Digest},
   publisher = {Optical Society of America},
   pages = {CTuC3},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350042},
Year = { 1999}
}

@inproceedings{Vogel,
   author = {Vogel, A and Scammon, R.J. and Godwin, R.P.},
   title = {Tensile stress generation by optical breakdown in tissue: experimental investigations and numerical simulations},
   booktitle = {Laser-Tissue Interaction X: Photochemical, Photothermal, and Photomechanical},
   publisher = {Proc. SPIE},
   volume = {3601},
   pages = {191-206},
Year = { 1999},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.350002}

}

@inproceedings{Vogel1998-2,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred and Noack, Joachim and Nahen, Kester and Theisen, Dirk and Busch, Stefan and Parlitz, Ulrich and Hammer, Daniel X and Noojin, Gary D and Rockwell, Benjamin A and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Energy balance of optical breakdown in water},
   booktitle = {BiOS'98 International Biomedical Optics Symposium},
   publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
   pages = {168-179},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
URL = { https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/3254/0000/Energy-balance-of-optical-breakdown-in-water/10.1117/12.308162.short},
Year = { 1998}
}

@inproceedings{Vogel1998-1,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred and Nahen, Kester and Theisen, Dirk and Birngruber, Reginald and Thomas, Robert J and Rockwell, Benjamin A},
   title = {Influence of optical aberrations on laser-induced plasma formation in water and their consequences for intraocular photodisruption},
   booktitle = {BiOS'98 International Biomedical Optics Symposium},
   publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
   pages = {120-131},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
Year = { 1998}
}

@inproceedings{Vogel1998,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred and Noack, Joachim and Nahen, Kester and Theisen, Dirk and Birngruber, Reginald and Hammer, Daniel X and Noojin, Gary D and Rockwell, Benjamin A},
   title = {Laser-induced breakdown in the eye at pulse durations from 80 ns to 100 fs},
   booktitle = {BiOS'98 International Biomedical Optics Symposium},
   publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
   pages = {34-49},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
URL = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.308220},
year = { 1998}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{676586,
  author={Huber, R. and Koch, M. and Perner, M. and Spirkl, W. and Feldmann, J.},
  booktitle={Technical Digest. Summaries of Papers Presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Conference Edition. 1998 Technical Digest Series, Vol.6 (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36178)}, 
  title={Time-resolved thermal expansion of an STM tip after ultrafast optical excitation}, 
  year={1998},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={526-527},
  doi={10.1109/CLEO.1998.676586}}

@inproceedings{Nahen1998,
   author = {Nahen, Kester and Vogel, Alfred},
   title = {Acoustic spectroscopy of Er: YAG laser ablation of skin: first results},
   booktitle = {BiOS'98 International Biomedical Optics Symposium},
   publisher = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
   pages = {218-229},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year= { 1998}
}

@inproceedings{Brinkmann1996-7,
   author = {Brinkmann, Ralf and Kampmeier, Juergen and Grotehusmann, Ulf and Vogel, Alfred and Koop, Norbert and Asiyo-Vogel, Mary and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Corneal collagen denaturation in laser thermokeratoplasty},
   volume = {2681},
   pages = {56-63},
   note = {10.1117/12.239611},
   abstract = {In laserthermokeratoplasty (LTK) thermal denaturation and shrinkage of corneal collagen is used to correct hyperopia and astigmatism. In order to optimize dosimetry, the temperature at which maximal shrinkage of collagen fibrils occurs is of major interest. Since the exposure time in clinical LTK-treatment is limited to a few seconds, the kinetics of collagen denaturation as a rate process has to be considered, thus the time of exposure is of critical importance for threshold and shrinkage temperatures. We investigated the time-temperature correlation for corneal collagen denaturation within different time domains by turbidimetry of scattered HeNe laser probe light using a temperature controlled water bath and pulsed IR laser irradiation. In the temperature range of 60 degree(s)C to 95 degree(s)C we found an exponential relation between the denaturation time and temperature. For the typical LTK-treatment time of 2 s, a temperature of 95 degree(s)C is needed to induce thermal damage. Use of pulsed Holmium laser radiation gave significant scattering of HeNe laser probe light at calculated temperatures of around 100 degree(s)DC. Rate parameters according to the formalism of Arrhenius were fitted to these results. Force measurements showed the simultaneous onset of light scattering and collagen shrinkage.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.239611},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
Year ={  1996}
}

@inproceedings{Hüttmann,
   author = {Hüttmann, G. and Achtelik, W. and Löning, M. and Sommer, K. and Diddens, H.},
   title = {Fluorescence microscopy studies on ALA sensitized tissues},
   booktitle = {SPIE Proc.},
   volume = {2926},
   pages = {24-31},
year = { 1996},
URL = {  https://doi.org/10.1117/12.260815}

}

@inproceedings{Hüttmann1,
   author = {Hüttmann, G. and Hendrich, C. and Birngruber, R. and Lehnert, C. and Seara, J. and Siebert, W. E. and Diddens, H.},
   title = {Protoporphyrin IX distribution after intra-articular and systemic application of 5-aminolevulinic acid in healthy and arthritic joints . 
Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy V,},
   booktitle = {Proc. SPIE},
   volume = {2675},
   pages = {238-242},
Year = { 1996}

}

@inproceedings{Pan,
   author = {Pan, Y. and Engelhardt, R. and Rosperich, J. and Hüttmann, G. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Measurement of Optical-Transport-Coefficients of Intralipid in Visible and NIR Range},
   booktitle = {Proc. SPIE},
   volume = {2134A},
   pages = {354-363},
Year = { 1994},
URL = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.182954}

}

@inproceedings{Hüttmann,
   author = {Hüttmann, G. and Churio, S. and Braslavsky, S.E. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {The Possibility of Measuring Thermal Protein Denaturation by an Optoacoustic Method.},
   booktitle = {Proc. SPIE},
   volume = {2077},
   pages = {202-212},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.168030},
year = { 1994}

}

@inproceedings{Vogel1993,
   author = {Vogel, Alfred and Busch, Stefan and Asiyo-Vogel, Mary},
   title = {Time-resolved measurements of shock-wave emission and cavitation-bubble generation in intraocular laser surgery with ps- and ns-pulses and related tissue effects},
   volume = {1877},
   pages = {312-322},
   note = {10.1117/12.147544},
   abstract = {Intraocular microsurgery relies on plasma generation with subsequent shock wave emission and cavitation bubble formation. To assess the potentials of photodisruption with picosecond pulses in comparison to the clinical techniques presently used, the shock wave characteristics and the bubble expension after optical breakdown with picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses were investigated by time resolved photography and acoustic measurements. Nd:YAG laser pulses with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a duration of 30 ps and 6 ns were focused into a water-filled glass cuvette. Their breakdown thresholds were 15 (mu) J and 200 (mu) J, respectively. Frequency doubled light from the same laser pulses was optically delayed between 2 ns and 136 ns and used as illumination source for photography. Since the individual events were well reproducible, the shock wave position and bubble wall position could be determined as a function of time. From the slope of these r(t) curves, the shock wave and bubble wall velocities were determined. The shock wave pressure p(r) was calculated from the shock velocity using the `jump conditions' of the shock front and the equation of state of water. The collateral effects of intraocular microsurgery can thus be considerably reduced by using ps-pulses, and with series of ps-pulses a `laser scalpel' may be realized which offers new applications of photodisruption.},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.147544},
   type = {Conference Proceedings},
year = { 1993}
}

@inproceedings{Diddens-1992,
   author = {Diddens, H.},
   title = {Role of multidrug resistance in photodynamic therapy},
   editor = {Thomas, J. Dougherty},
   publisher = {SPIE},
   volume = {1645},
   pages = {115-123},
year = { 1992},
url = { https://doi.org/10.1117/12.60934}

}

@inproceedings{Gabel1980,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Comperative Experiments on Laser Threshold in Rabbits and Human Volunteers},
   booktitle = {Proc. 3rd Internat. Congress for Laser Surgery, Part II},
   editor = {Gabler, V P and Birngruber, Reginald},
   series = {Laser Surgery},
   publisher = {OT-PAZ},
   pages = {246-249},

}

@inproceedings{Weinberg1980,
   author = {Weinberg, W and Birngruber, Reginald and Gabel, V P and Kain, H},
   title = {Influence of Choroidal Blood Flow in Retinal Laser Coagulation},
   booktitle = {Proc. 3rd Internat Congress for Laser Surgery, Part II},
   editor = {Kaplan I, Asher PW},
   series = {Laser Surgery},
   publisher = {OT-PAZ},
   pages = {242-243},

}

@inproceedings{Gabel1979,
   author = {Gabel, V. P. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Physical and Medical Aspects of Laser Safety},
   booktitle = {Laser 79, Opto-Electronics Conference proceedings},
   editor = {Waidlich, W.},
   publisher = {IPC Science and Technology Press Ltd.},
   pages = {6555-6591},
year = { 1979}

}