@article{Detrez:26,
author = {Nicolas Detrez and Sazgar Burhan and Jessica Kren and Jakob Matschke and Christian Hagel and Steffen Buschschl\"{u}ter and Dirk Theisen-Kunde and Matteo Mario Bonsanto and Robert Huber and Ralf Brinkmann},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Clinical applications; Deep learning; Elastography; Phase noise; Phase unwrapping; Tissue characterization},
number = {3},
pages = {1335--1358},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Processing pipeline for large optical coherence elastography datasets with quasi-static air-jet excitation: application to human brain tumor tissue},
volume = {17},
month = {Mar},
year = {2026},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-17-3-1335},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.584263},
abstract = {Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is a powerful imaging modality for assessing the mechanical properties of biological tissues. We employed an OCE system based on an Optores OMES 3.2 MHz OCT platform combined with an in-house developed air-jet excitation source to characterize healthy and tumorous (meningioma) human brain tissue. This paper presents a comprehensive software framework for processing large OCE datasets, enabling robust extraction of characteristic features from phase-derived displacement data and calculation of mechanical proxy parameters for detailed tissue characterization. Feature detection is achieved using a modified triangle threshold algorithm applied to the displacement curves from the OCE phase data. Extensive pre- and post-processing steps, including percentile-based filtering and adaptive histogram equalization, are applied to mitigate phase unwrapping errors and enhance visualization of the high dynamic range of OCE data. Exemplary measurements on human brain tumor samples demonstrate the framework's ability to differentiate between tissue types, highlighting its potential for future clinical and research applications.},
}

@Article{dj14020084,
AUTHOR = {Kuhl, Julie-Jacqueline and Schlenz, Maximiliane Amelie and Wöstmann, Bernd and Grill, Christin and Brinkmann, Ralf and Moos, Christoph},
TITLE = {Discrepancy Between Surface Wear and Subsurface Fatigue Damage in CAD/CAM Composite Crowns: A Comparative Study of Intraoral Scans and Optical Coherence Tomography},
JOURNAL = {Dentistry Journal},
VOLUME = {14},
YEAR = {2026},
NUMBER = {2},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {84},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/14/2/84},
ISSN = {2304-6767},
ABSTRACT = {Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether surface wear, identified through the superimposition of intraoral scans (IOS), can predict subsurface damage progression detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) during fatigue testing of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) composite crowns. Methods: Monolithic CAD/CAM composite crowns (Brilliant Crios; n=8) were adhesively luted to standardized prepared human teeth and artificially aged by cyclic loading in a mouth-motion simulator (50–500 N, 2 Hz, 37 °C). Under phantom-head condition, IOS (surface wear) and handheld swept-source (SS)-OCT (subsurface damage) were performed before loading and after every 250,000 cycles. OCT crack depth/width were normalized to local thickness and cusp-tip distance; correspondence between IOS- and OCT-derived metrics at each timepoint was assessed with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ) to test whether surface wear can predict subsurface damage under the given conditions. Results: All specimens survived without catastrophic failure, and both modalities revealed progressive damage from the earliest observation interval. OCT consistently showed higher defect percentages and larger dispersion (e.g., mean vertical defects (25.47 ± 4.97)% OCT vs. (4.36 ± 0.91)% IOS at T1 and (66.79 ± 19.53)% OCT vs. (7.78 ± 3.19)% IOS at T5). Across all timepoints, no statistically significant associations between IOS and OCT were observed (p = 0.146 to 0.955). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this exploratory, single-material in vitro study, restricted to a CAD/CAM composite (Brilliant Crios), surface-based monitoring alone did not reliably reflect subsurface damage progression. Clinically, this suggests that surface wear assessment may underestimate subsurface fatigue damage. Intraoral OCT may provide complementary, non-invasive information alongside routine IOS for individualized monitoring, but its added value needs to be confirmed in larger studies and other CAD/CAM composite materials and additional restorative material classes.},
DOI = {10.3390/dj14020084}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.3080934,
author = {Henrik Volkens and Christin Grill and Florian Denk and Philipp Lamminger and Sebastian Freidank and Norbert Linz and Hendrik Husstedt and Robert Huber and Ralf Brinkmann},
title = {{A home-built flexible fiber laser to investigate optimal parameters for stimulating the tympanic membrane}},
volume = {13849},
booktitle = {Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXXVII},
editor = {Joel N. Bixler and Alex J. Walsh and Norbert Linz},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {1384904},
abstract = {This work investigates optimizing optoacoustic stimulation of tympanic membrane models as a non-occlusive alternative to conventional acoustic drivers. We used a home-built, ytterbium-based master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) operating at 1064 nm to stimulate an artificial tympanic membrane within a simplified middle ear model. The MOPA system can generate single laser pulses with 200 ps minimum pulse duration as well as concatenating multiple single pulses to MHz-bursts with burst durations up to 100 ns. Burst durations and burst energies were systematically varied between 30 and 100 ns and from 10 to 40 μJ. The laser-induced displacement of the membrane model was measured using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Simultaneously the sound pressure level within a 0.4 ccm volume that mimics the middle ear cavity was measured. The results indicate that the membrane displacement and sound pressure increases both with higher burst energies at the same burst duration and longer burst durations at the same burst energy. Specifically, at a low burst repetition rate of 16 Hz, 100-ns pulse bursts yielded the most efficient stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrated the system's capability for sound transmission up to 5 kHz by operating the MOPA at a repetition rate of 10 kHz. Using an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) for pulse amplitude modulation, we transmitted a speech signal onto the artificial membrane. The resulting acoustic signal was clearly audible and measurable within the middle ear model. These findings validate the feasibility of using tailored infrared laser pulses for middle ear stimulation. The ability to modulate complex audio signals via flexible, fiber-based laser architecture is a promising approach for developing next-generation hearing restoration technologies that avoid the occlusion effects and discomfort associated with traditional hearing aids.},
keywords = {Master oscillator fiber amplifier, Tympanic membrane, Temporal pulse shaping, Flexible fiber laser, Thermoelastic bending, Parameter optimization, Optical tissue stimulation},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1117/12.3080934},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3080934}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.3080401,
author = {Henrik Volkens and Sebastian Freidank and Philipp Lamminger and Alfred Vogel and Robert Huber and Ralf Brinkmann and Norbert Linz},
title = {{Dynamic shockwave photography using a home-built MOFA laser system with flexible repetition rate up to 5 GHz}},
volume = {PC13849},
booktitle = {Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXXVII},
editor = {Joel N. Bixler and Alex J. Walsh and Norbert Linz},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {PC1384903},
abstract = {Laser-induced ablation in liquids (LAL) is widely used for nanoparticle generation, yet its underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. We investigate interactions between shockwave, cavitation bubble and target material by multi exposure imaging with high temporal and spatial resolution. Our home-built Yb-based master oscillator fiber amplifier system delivers 170 ps pulses at 2 µJ and tunable burst rates up to 5 GHz, ideal for capturing transient events. Speckle-free imaging is achieved using a fiber-based rapid optical mode mixing approach combining spectral broadening with optical delay and spatial mode mixing of frequency-doubled 532 nm pulses.},
keywords = {Laser Ablation in Liquids (LAL), Shockwave Photography, High-Speed Imaging, Multi-Exposure Illumination, Master Oscillator Fiber Amplifier (MOFA), Speckle-Free Imaging, Cavitation Bubble, Nanoparticle Generation},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1117/12.3080401},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3080401}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.3080520,
author = {Henrik Volkens and Philipp Lamminger and Norbert Linz and Sebastian Freidank and Robert Huber and Ralf Brinkmann},
title = {{Towards optoacoustic transient shaping using a flexible fiber laser system}},
volume = {13851},
booktitle = {Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2026},
editor = {Alexander A. Oraevsky and Lihong V. Wang},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {138511F},
abstract = {We aim to increase the efficiency of optoacoustic signal generation for precise, in vivo, real-time tissue temperature monitoring during thermal retinal interventions, by matching the timing of multiple laser excitation events to the acoustic response of the examined specimen. To achieve this goal, we utilized a home-built Ytterbium-based master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) fiber laser system that provides unprecedented control over the temporal pulse structure, allowing for pulse-burst durations from picoseconds to nanoseconds and arbitrary repetition rates for investigating the influence of the excitation duration on the amplitude of the resulting optoacoustic transients. Methodologically, experiments were performed on ex vivo explants of porcine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) consisting of the RPE, choroid, and sclera embedded in a cuvette filled with saline solution. Optoacoustic transients were detected using a piezoelectric ring transducer (fres = 1 MHz, Medical Laser Center Lübeck, Germany) integrated into a standard ophthalmic contact glass with a distance of 24 mm to the specimen. We systematically investigated the influence of pulse-burst durations between 10 and 100-ns with the total burst energy of 3 μJ matching a typical probe pulse energy. Each burst was produced with a repetition rate of 500 MHz. Results demonstrate that, at typical pulse energies of 3 μJ, shorter pulse-burst durations down to 30 ns significantly increase the amplitude of the generated acoustic transients compared to longer pulse-bursts. While higher burst energy consistently results in stronger signals, signal generation efficiency is highly dependent on the temporal burst width. With decreasing burst durations, the amplitude of the resulting transients decreases lower than that of the 30-ns burst. We hypothesize that shorter excitation bursts result in a signal consisting of higher-frequency components that are stronger attenuated in water. These findings highlight that tailoring the temporal excitation profile is essential for maximizing signal-to-noise ratio. The compact and scalable fiber-based MOPA architecture offers a versatile alternative to traditional bulk lasers, providing the necessary degrees of freedom for optimized optoacoustic tissue characterization and in future real-time monitoring.},
keywords = {Master Oscillator Fiber Amplifier (MOFA), Optoacoustics, Transient shaping, Temperature measurement, Tailored optoacoustic excitation, Flexible fiber laser, Retinal laser treatment, Multi-GHz repetition rate},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1117/12.3080520},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3080520}
}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500430,
author = {Lange, Birgit and Kren, Christopher and Brinkmann, Ralf},
title = {Autofluorescence of Renal Tissue and Its Impact on Fluorescence-Guided Lithotripsy},
journal = {Journal of Biophotonics},
volume = {n/a},
number = {n/a},
pages = {e202500430},
keywords = {autofluorescence, fluorescence guided lithotripsy, laser lithotripsy, renal tissue},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202500430},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jbio.202500430},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jbio.202500430},
note = {e202500430 jbio.202500430.R1},
abstract = {ABSTRACT When illuminated with green light, tissue shows negligible autofluorescence in comparison to urinary stones. In automatically controlled lithotripsy, this property is utilized to prevent the laser from being triggered if the fiber is mispositioned: the fluorescence signal is compared to a set threshold before each pulse. However, previous studies have shown that tissue damage cannot be completely ruled out. We are investigating this phenomenon and its impact on fluorescence guidance. An experiment with porcine calyx (with the automatic control switched off) shows that single Ho:YAG laser pulses are sufficient to coagulate tissue, resulting in an increase in autofluorescence. During lithotripsy of fluorescent artificial stones embedded in renal cortex, thermal damage occurs despite automatic laser control. Maximum fluorescence values measured on those tissue places were above the control's set threshold for laser emission. Therefore, an increase in autofluorescence in the event of denaturation must be considered when using automatically controlled lithotripsy.}
}

@ARTICLE{10726870,
  author={Detrez, Nicolas and Burhan, Sazgar and Rewerts, Katarina and Kren, Jessica and Buschschlüter, Steffen and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Bonsanto, Matteo Mario and Huber, Robert and Brinkmann, Ralf},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering}, 
  title={Flow-controlled air-jet for in vivo quasi steady-state and dynamic elastography with MHz optical coherence tomography}, 
  year={2024},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-12},
  keywords={Force;Biomedical measurement;Pressure measurement;In vivo;Steady-state;Generators;Elastography;Valves;Force measurement;Optical coherence tomography;Air-Jet;Air-Puff;Optical Coherence Elastography;Stiffness;Tissue Mechanics;Young's Modulus},
  doi={10.1109/TBME.2024.3484676}}

@inproceedings{Detrez:25,
author = {Nicolas Detrez and Dirk Theisen-Kunde and Wolfgang Draxinger and Thies H\"{o}rcher and Veit Danicke and Sazgar Burhan and Jessica Kren and Matteo Mario Bonsanto and Robert Huber and Ralf Brinkmann},
booktitle = {European Conferences on Biomedical Optics 2025},
journal = {European Conferences on Biomedical Optics 2025},
keywords = {Coherence and statistical optics; Elastography; Modes; Optical coherence tomography; Phase; Phase measurement},
pages = {M3A.36},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Co-Robot Supported Air-Jet Based Optical Coherence Elastography Towards In-Situ Brain Tumor Tissue Delineation},
year = {2025},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ECBO-2025-M3A.36},
doi = {10.1364/ECBO.2025.M3A.36},
abstract = {Accurate tumor delineation in neurosurgery is challenging. We developed an in-situ optical coherence elastography system using air-jet excitation and phase based full-range OCT. The challenges in transitioning from ex vivo to in-situ application are presented.},
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.3047226,
author = {Paul Strenge and Birgit Lange and Wolfgang Draxinger and Dirk Theisen-Kunde and Sonja Spahr-Hess and Matteo M. Bonsanto and Robert Huber and Ralf Brinkmann and Heinz Handels},
title = {{Enhancing brain tumor detection using optical coherence tomography and variational autoencoders}},
volume = {13410},
booktitle = {Medical Imaging 2025: Clinical and Biomedical Imaging},
editor = {Barjor S. Gimi and Andrzej Krol},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {134101P},
abstract = {Neurosurgical intervention is critical in brain tumor treatment, with long-term survival closely linked to the extent of tumor resection. The goal is to completely remove tumor tissue while preserving healthy tissue, a challenging task due to the diffuse nature of some brain tumors, such as glioblastoma, which infiltrate healthy tissue in ways that are difficult to distinguish histologically. Current intraoperative imaging techniques, including MRI and fluorescence microscopy, are limited in reliably identifying tumor tissue. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a promising alternative, providing non-invasive, high-resolution cross-sectional images. This study investigates the use of a variational autoencoder (VAE) in combination with an evidential learning framework to enhance the classification of brain tissues in OCT images. The classification approach, applied to ex vivo OCT images captured at a wavelength of 1300 nm, achieved an average precision of 0.87 and a recall of 0.88 for the discrimination of healthy and tumorous brain tissue with consideration of prediction uncertainties. This method demonstrated improved discrimination between healthy white matter and tumor-infiltrated white matter compared to previous studies.},
keywords = {brain tumor, OCT, variational autoencoders, glioblastoma, classification, medical imaging, brain, evidential learning},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1117/12.3047226},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3047226}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.3041264,
author = {Kimberley L{\"u}hring and Birgit Lange and Lion Sch{\"u}tzeck and Ralf Brinkmann},
title = {{Laser lithotripsy: the impact of beam profile and wavelength on stone ablation}},
volume = {13293},
booktitle = {Advanced Photonics in Urology 2025},
editor = {Hyun Wook Kang and Ronald Sroka and Jian J. Zhang},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {1329306},
abstract = {Thulium fiber lasers (TFL) with a peak power of 500W were introduced a few years ago for clinical use in laser lithotripsy of urinary stones. To compare the TFL with the current gold standard, the Ho:YAG laser, single pulse experiments were performed at 1.5J from different working distances using a 365μm fiber. For evaluation of the fragmentation properties of both laser systems, cuttlefish bone samples and glued BegoStone cylinders were ablated at 1.5J using different pulse durations. It was found that the TFL produced up to two times higher stone ablation compared to the Ho:YAG laser but showed significantly poorer results in fragmentation which might be explained by its lower peak power. Furthermore, the increase in the ablation efficiency of laser lithotripsy by adjusting the beam profile was investigated in this study. A series of measurements with annular and circular beam profiles of the same beam diameter was performed with the TFL. At a pulse energy of 1J the annular beam profile has removed 90% more stone volume with a single pulse.},
keywords = {laser lithotropsy, thulium fiber laser, beam profile, urolithiasis},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1117/12.3041264},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3041264}
}

@inproceedings{Seifert:25,
author = {Eric Seifert and Leonie Hoffmann and Xi Zhang and Lisa-Marie Fr\"{u}hauf and Yoko Miura and Ralf Brinkmann},
booktitle = {European Conferences on Biomedical Optics 2025},
journal = {European Conferences on Biomedical Optics 2025},
keywords = {Absorption coefficient; Fluorescence; Laser energy; Laser light; Multimode fibers; Nd:YLF lasers},
pages = {S1E.2},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Validating optoacoustic temperature determination for retinal laser treatments with the fluorescence dye ERthermAC},
year = {2025},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ECBO-2025-S1E.2},
doi = {10.1364/ECBO.2025.S1E.2},
abstract = {Temperature dependent fluorescence of the dye ERthermAC was used to measure laser induced temperature rise on RPE/choroid/sclera explants during simultaneous optoacoustic temperature determination, already being in clinical approval. Both methods didn't show significant differences.},
}

@article{Draxinger:24,
author = {Wolfgang Draxinger and Nicolas Detrez and Paul Strenge and Veit Danicke and Dirk Theisen-Kunde and Lion Sch\"{u}tzeck and Sonja Spahr-Hess and Patrick Kuppler and Jessica Kren and Wolfgang Wieser and Matteo Mario Bonsanto and Ralf Brinkmann and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {Brain imaging; Imaging systems; In vivo imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Speckle imaging; Spectral domain optical coherence tomography},
number = {10},
pages = {5960--5979},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Microscope integrated MHz optical coherence tomography system for neurosurgery: development and clinical in-vivo imaging},
volume = {15},
month = {Oct},
year = {2024},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-15-10-5960},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.530976},
abstract = {Neurosurgical interventions on the brain are impeded by the requirement to keep damages to healthy tissue at a minimum. A new contrast channel enhancing the visual separation of malign tissue should be created. A commercially available surgical microscope was modified with adaptation optics adapting the MHz speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system developed in our group. This required the design of a scanner optics and beam delivery system overcoming constraints posed by the mechanical and optical parameters of the microscope. High quality volumetric OCT C-scans with dense sample spacing can be acquired in-vivo as part of surgical procedures within seconds and are immediately available for post-processing.},
}

@article{10.1167/tvst.13.9.28,
    author = {Kleyman, Viktoria and Eggert, Sophie and Schmidt, Christian and Schaller, Manuel and Worthmann, Karl and Brinkmann, Ralf and Müller, Matthias A.},
    title = "{Model Predictive Temperature Control for Retinal Laser Treatments}",
    journal = {Translational Vision Science & Technology},
    volume = {13},
    number = {9},
    pages = {28-28},
    year = {2024},
    month = {09},
    abstract = "{   Manual, individual adjustment of the laser power in retinal laser therapies is time-consuming, is inaccurate with respect to uniform effects, and can only prevent over- or undertreatment to a limited extent. Automatic closed-loop temperature control allows for similar temperatures at each irradiated spot despite varying absorption. This is of crucial importance for subdamaging hyperthermal treatments with no visible effects and the safety of photocoagulation with short irradiation times. The aim of this work is to perform extensive experiments on porcine eye explants to demonstrate the benefits of automatic control in retinal laser treatments.    To ensure a safe and reliable temperature rise, we utilize a model predictive controller. For model predictive control, the current state and the spot-dependent absorption coefficients are estimated by an extended Kalman filter (EKF). Therein, optoacoustic measurements are used to determine the temperature rise at the irradiated areas in real time. We use fluorescence vitality stains to measure the lesion size and validate the proposed control strategy.    By comparing the lesion size with temperature values for cell death, we found that the EKF accurately estimates the peak temperature. Furthermore, the proposed closed-loop control scheme works reliably with regard to similar lesion sizes despite varying absorption with a smaller spread in lesion size compared to open-loop control.    Our closed-loop control approach enables a safe subdamaging treatment and lowers the risk for over- and undertreatment for mild coagulations in retinal laser therapies.    We demonstrate that modern control strategies have the potential to improve retinal laser treatments for several diseases.  }",
    issn = {2164-2591},
    doi = {10.1167/tvst.13.9.28},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.13.9.28},
    eprint = {https://arvojournals.org/arvo/content\_public/journal/tvst/938688/i2164-2591-13-9-28\_1727347017.43447.pdf},
}

@article{10.1167/tvst.13.4.26,
    author = {von der Burchard, Claus and Kren, Christopher and Fleger, Jan-Erik and Theisen-Kunde, Dirk and Danicke, Veit and Abbas, Hossam S. and Kleyman, Viktoria and Roider, Johann and Brinkmann, Ralf},
    title = "{Real-Time Temperature-Controlled Retinal Laser Irradiation in Rabbits}",
    journal = {Translational Vision Science & Technology},
    volume = {13},
    number = {4},
    pages = {26-26},
    year = {2024},
    month = {04},
    abstract = "{   Subdamaging thermal retinal laser therapy has the potential to induce regenerative stimuli in retinal diseases, but validated dosimetry is missing. Real-time optoacoustic temperature determination and control could close this gap. This study investigates a first in vivo application.    Two iterations of a control module that were optically coupled in between a continuous-wave commercial laser source and a commercial slit lamp were evaluated on chinchilla rabbits. The module allows extraction of the temperature rise in real time and can control the power of the therapy laser such that a predefined temperature rise at the retina is quickly achieved and held constant. Irradiations with aim temperatures from 45°C to 69°C were performed on a diameter of 200 µm and a heating time of 100 ms.    We analyzed 424 temperature-guided irradiations in nine eyes of five rabbits. The mean difference between the measured and aim temperature was −0.04°C ± 0.98°C. The following ED50 values for visibility thresholds could be determined: 58.6°C for funduscopic visibility, 57.7°C for fluorescein angiography, and 57.0°C for OCT. In all measurements, the correlation of tissue effect was higher to the temperature than to the average heating laser power used.    The system was able to reliably perform temperature-guided irradiations, which allowed for better tissue effect control than simple power control. This approach could enhance the accuracy, safety, and reproducibility of thermal stimulating laser therapy.    This study is a bridge between preclinical ex vivo experiments and a pilot clinical study.  }",
    issn = {2164-2591},
    doi = {10.1167/tvst.13.4.26},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.13.4.26},
    eprint = {https://arvojournals.org/arvo/content\_public/journal/tvst/938671/i2164-2591-13-4-26\_1713518675.19154.pdf},
}

@article{RN5472,
   author = {Kren, Jessica;Skambath, Isabelle;Kuppler, Patrick;Buschschlüter, Steffen;Detrez, Nicolas;Burhan, Sazgar;Huber, Robert;Brinkmann, Ralf and Bonsanto, Matteo Mario},
   title = {Mechanical characteristics of glioblastoma and peritumoral tumor-free human brain tissue},
   journal = {Acta Neurochirurgica},
   volume = {166},
   number = {1},
   pages = {102},
   ISSN = {0942-0940},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00701-024-06009-x},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-024-06009-x},
   year = {2024},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Burhan:24,
author = {Sazgar Burhan and Nicolas Detrez and Katharina Rewerts and Paul Strenge and Steffen Buschschl\"{u}ter and Jessica Kren and Christian Hagel and Matteo Mario Bonsanto and Ralf Brinkmann and Robert Huber},
journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},
keywords = {High speed imaging; Imaging systems; In vivo imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Phase noise; Phase shift},
number = {2},
pages = {1038--1058},
publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},
title = {Phase unwrapping for MHz optical coherence elastography and application to brain tumor tissue},
volume = {15},
month = {Feb},
year = {2024},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/boe/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-15-2-1038},
doi = {10.1364/BOE.510020},
abstract = {During neuro-oncologic surgery, phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography (OCE) can be valuable for distinguishing between healthy and diseased tissue. However, the phase unwrapping process required to retrieve the original phase signal is a challenging and critical task. To address this issue, we demonstrate a one-dimensional unwrapping algorithm that recovers the phase signal from a 3.2\&\#x2005;MHz OCE system. With a processing time of approximately 0.11 s per frame on the GPU, multiple 2\&\#x03C0; wraps are detected and corrected. By utilizing this approach, exact and reproducible information on tissue deformation can be obtained with pixel accuracy over the entire acquisition time. Measurements of brain tumor-mimicking phantoms and human ex vivo brain tumor samples verified the algorithm\&\#x0027;s reliability. The tissue samples were subjected to a 200\&\#x2005;ms short air pulse. A correlation with histological findings confirmed the algorithm\&\#x0027;s dependability.},
}

@article{10.1167/tvst.13.1.24,
    author = {Sonntag, Svenja Rebecca and Klein, Britta and Brinkmann, Ralf and Grisanti, Salvatore and Miura, Yoko},
    title = "{Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy of Mouse Models of Age-related Macular Degeneration}",
    journal = {Translational Vision Science & Technology},
    volume = {13},
    number = {1},
    pages = {24-24},
    year = {2024},
    month = {01},
    abstract = "{   To investigate fluorescence lifetime of mouse models of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO).    Two AMD mouse models, apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice and NF-E2-related factor-2 knockout (Nrf2−/−) mice, and their wild-type mice underwent monthly ophthalmic examinations including FLIO from 3 months of age. After euthanasia at the age of 6 or 11 months, blood plasma was collected to determine total antioxidant capacity and eyes were enucleated for Oil red O (ORO) lipid staining of chorioretinal tissue.    In FLIO, the mean fluorescence lifetime (τm) of wild type shortened with age in both spectral channels. In short spectral channel, τm shortening was observed in both AMD models as well, but its rate was more pronounced in ApoE−/− mice and significantly different from the other strains as months of age progressed. In contrast, in long spectral channel, both model strains showed completely opposite trends, with τm becoming shorter in ApoE−/− and longer in Nrf2−/− mice than the others. Oil red O staining at Bruch's membrane was significantly stronger in ApoE−/− mice at 11 months than the other strains. Plasma total antioxidant capacity was highest in ApoE−/− mice at both 6 and 11 months.    The two AMD mouse models exhibited largely different fundus fluorescence lifetime, which might be related to the different systemic metabolic state. FLIO might be able to indicate different metabolic states of eyes at risk for AMD.    This animal study may provide new insights into the relationship between early AMD-associated metabolic changes and FLIO findings.  }",
    issn = {2164-2591},
    doi = {10.1167/tvst.13.1.24},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.13.1.24},
    eprint = {https://arvojournals.org/arvo/content\_public/journal/tvst/938660/i2164-2591-13-1-24\_1706520239.75643.pdf},
}

@article{RN5480,
   author = {Sonntag, Svenja Rebecca;Hamann, Maximilian;Seifert, Eric;Grisanti, Salvatore;Brinkmann, Ralf and Miura, Yoko},
   title = {Detection sensitivity of fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy for laser-induced selective damage of retinal pigment epithelium},
   journal = {Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology},
   ISSN = {1435-702X},
   DOI = {10.1007/s00417-024-06449-2},
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-024-06449-2},
   year = {2024},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article { Microscopeintegratedopticalcoherencetomographyforinvivohumanbraintumordetectionwithartificialintelligence,
      author = "Patrick Kuppler and Paul Strenge and Birgit Lange and Sonja Spahr-Hess and Wolfgang Draxinger and Christian Hagel and Dirk Theisen-Kunde and Ralf Brinkmann and Robert Huber and Volker Tronnier and Matteo Mario Bonsanto",
      title = "Microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography for in vivo human brain tumor detection with artificial intelligence",
      journal = "Journal of Neurosurgery",
      year = "2024",
      publisher = "American Association of Neurological Surgeons",
      doi = "10.3171/2024.1.JNS231511",
      pages=      "1 - 9",
      url = "https://thejns.org/view/journals/j-neurosurg/aop/article-10.3171-2024.1.JNS231511/article-10.3171-2024.1.JNS231511.xml"
}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23833,
author = {von der Burchard, Claus and Miura, Yoko and Stanzel, Boris and Chhablani, Jay and Roider, Johann and Framme, Carsten and Brinkmann, Ralf and Tode, Jan},
title = {Regenerative Retinal Laser and Light Therapies (RELITE): Proposal of a New Nomenclature, Categorization, and Trial Reporting Standard},
journal = {Lasers in Surgery and Medicine},
volume = {56},
number = {8},
pages = {693-708},
keywords = {nomenclature, retinal laser therapy, subvisible laser therapy},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23833},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lsm.23833},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lsm.23833},
abstract = {ABSTRACT Objectives Numerous laser and light therapies have been developed to induce regenerative processes in the choroid/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/photoreceptor complex, leaving the neuroretina undamaged. These therapies are applied to the macula for the treatment of various diseases, most prominently diabetic maculopathy, retinal vein occlusion, central serous chorioretinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. However, the abundance of technologies, treatment patterns, and dosimetry protocols has made understanding these therapies and comparing different approaches increasingly complex and challenging. To address this, we propose a new nomenclature system with a clear categorization that will allow for better understanding and comparability between different laser and light modalities. We propose this nomenclature system as an open standard that may be adapted in future toward new technical developments or medical advancements. Methods A systematic literature review of reported macular laser and light therapies was conducted. A categorization into a standardized system was proposed and discussed among experts and professionals in the field. This paper does not aim to assess, compare, or evaluate the efficacy of different laser or dosimetry techniques or treatment patterns. Results The literature search yielded 194 papers describing laser techniques, 50 studies describing dosimetry, 272 studies with relevant clinical trials, and 82 reviews. Following the common therapeutic aim, we propose “regenerative retinal laser and light therapies (RELITE)” as the general header. We subdivided RELITE into four main categories that refer to the intended physical and biochemical effects of temperature increase (photothermal therapy, PTT), RPE regeneration (photomicrodisruption therapy, PMT), photochemical processes (photochemical therapy, PCT), and photobiomodulation (photobiomodulation therapy, PBT). Further, we categorized the different dosimetry approaches and treatment regimens. We propose the following nomenclature system that integrates the most important parameters to enable understanding and comparability: Pattern—Dosimetry—Exposure Time/Frequency, Duty Cycle/Irradiation Diameter/Wavelength—Subcategory—Category. Conclusion Regenerative retinal laser and light therapies are widely used for different diseases and may become valuable in the future. A precise nomenclature system and strict reporting standards are needed to allow for a better understanding, reproduceable and comparable clinical trials, and overall acceptance. We defined categories for a systematic therapeutic goal-based nomenclature to facilitate future research in this field.},
year = {2024}
}

@Article{s24072105,
AUTHOR = {Boyko, Andrey and Lange, Birgit and Eckert, Sebastian and Mayorov, Fedor and Brinkmann, Ralf},
TITLE = {Signal Enhancement of a Differential Photoacoustic Cell by Connecting the Microphones via Capillaries},
JOURNAL = {Sensors},
VOLUME = {24},
YEAR = {2024},
NUMBER = {7},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {2105},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2105},
ISSN = {1424-8220},
ABSTRACT = {Differential photoacoustic spectroscopy (DPAS) cells are usually excited on the first longitudinal ring mode, with a microphone situated in the middle of each of the two resonator tubes. However, it is known from other photoacoustic spectroscopy cell designs that connecting the microphones via a capillary can lead to signal enhancement. By means of finite element method (FEM) simulations, we compared such a photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) cell with a capillary to a DPAS cell with a capillary attached to each of the two resonators and showed that the behavior of both systems is qualitatively the same: In both the PAS and the DPAS cell, in-phase and anti-phase oscillations of the coupled system (resonator–capillary) can be excited. In the DPAS cell, capillaries of suitable length also increase the pressure signal at the microphones according to the FEM simulations. For different capillary diameters (1.2 mm/1.7 mm/2.2 mm), the respective optimal capillary length (36–37.5 mm) and signal amplification was determined (94%, 70%, 53%). According to the results of these FEM simulations, a significant increase in sensitivity can, therefore, also be achieved in DPAS cells by expanding them with thin tubes leading to the microphones.},
DOI = {10.3390/s24072105}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2670957,
author = {Sazgar Burhan and Nicolas Detrez and Madita G{\"o}b and Matteo Mario Bonsanto and Ralf Brinkmann and Robert Huber},
title = {{Advanced FFT-based contrast approach for MHz optical coherence elastography}},
volume = {12632},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media V},
editor = {Benjamin J. Vakoc and Maciej Wojtkowski and Yoshiaki Yasuno},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {1263215},
abstract = {Optical coherence elastography represents mechanical characteristics of biological tissue in so-called mechanical contrast maps. In addition to the standard intensity image, the contrast map illustrates numerous mechanical tissue features that would otherwise be undetectable. This is of great interest as abnormal physiological changes influence the mechanical behavior of the tissue. We demonstrate an advanced mechanical contrast approach based on the phase signal of our 3.2 MHz optical coherence tomography system. The robustness and performance of this contrast approach is evaluated and discussed based on preliminary results. },
keywords = {Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT, Megahertz OCT, Fourier Domain Mode Locking, Optical Coherence Elastography, OCE, Phase-sensitive OCT, Biomechanics},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1117/12.2670957},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2670957}
}

@inproceedings{10.1117/12.2670907,
author = {Paul Strenge and Birgit Lange and Wolfgang Draxinger and Christian Hagel and Christin Grill and Veit Danicke and Dirk Theisen-Kunde and Sonja Spahr-Hess and Matteo M. Bonsanto and Robert Huber and Heinz Handels and Ralf Brinkmann},
title = {{Demarcation of brain and tumor tissue with optical coherence tomography using prior neural networks}},
volume = {12632},
booktitle = {Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media V},
editor = {Benjamin J. Vakoc and Maciej Wojtkowski and Yoshiaki Yasuno},
organization = {International Society for Optics and Photonics},
publisher = {SPIE},
pages = {126321P},
keywords = {Brain Tumor, OCT, Optical Coherence Tomography, Prior Network, Glioblastoma Multiforme, Neural Network, Classification},
year = {2023},
doi = {10.1117/12.2670907},
URL = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2670907}
}