@article{Welzel1998,
   author = {Welzel, J. and Lankenau, E. and Birngruber, R. and Engelhardt, R.},
   title = {Optical coherence tomography of the skin},
   journal = {Curr Probl Dermatol},
   volume = {26},
   pages = {27-37},
   note = {1421-5721 (Print)
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
   keywords = {Biomedical Engineering
Blister/pathology
Eczema/pathology
Epidermis/anatomy & histology/pathology
Humans
Melanoma/pathology
Optics
Pemphigus/pathology
Scabies/parasitology/pathology
Skin/*anatomy & histology/pathology
Skin Neoplasms/pathology
Tomography/*methods},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9597313},
   year = {1998},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Koop1997,
   author = {Koop, N. and Brinkmann, R. and Lankenau, E. and Flache, S. and Engelhardt, R. and Birngruber, R.},
   title = {Optical coherence tomography of cornea and anterior segment of the eye},
   journal = {Ophthalmologe},
   volume = {94},
   number = {7},
   pages = {481-486},
   note = {Yp140
Times Cited:34
Cited References Count:19},
   abstract = {Target: The method of optical coherence tomography (OCT) was investigated regarding its suitability and limits for measuring the cornea and the anterior segment of the eye. Furthermore, the stromal expansion of thermally induced lesions in the cornea directly after irradiation was determined within the scope of the laser thermokeratoplasty (LTK).
Material and methods: With the experimental scanning OCT system, x-z sections of the anterior eye segment were made with an optical resolution of about 20 mu m axially and 25 mu m laterally. Freshly enucleated, tonicized porcine eyes were used as model eyes. Thermal lesions were applied with a continuously emitting laser diode (lambda=1.86 mu m) and various radiation parameters, Before and after coagulation, the cornea was viewed from limbus to limbus in a central OCT scan and the individual coagulation source was measured,
Results: Global and local changes of the thickness of the cornea as well as the distance between cornea and lens were measured with high precision. Thermal lesions in their expansion can be clearly presented and matching well with the histologically stained sections, bur are not as exactly defined at the edges due to the limited optical resolution, as known from histological preparations.
Conclusion: With the OCT method quantitative measuring of the anterior eye segment can be performed in vitro and with reduced resolutions also in vivo. Due to the qualitatively good correspondence regarding the dimensions of thermal damage of the cornea with histologically obtained morphometric results,this method can be used for supervision of coagulation directly after LTK as well as for examination of the individual healing process.},
   keywords = {optical coherence tomography
pachometry
laser thermokeratoplasty
thermal damage
tissue},
   ISSN = {0941-293X},
   DOI = {DOI 10.1007/s003470050143},
   url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000071246700003},
   year = {1997},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Welzel1997,
   author = {Welzel, J. and Lankenau, E. and Birngruber, R. and Engelhardt, R.},
   title = {Optical coherence tomography of the human skin},
   journal = {J Am Acad Dermatol},
   volume = {37},
   number = {6},
   pages = {958-63},
   note = {0190-9622 (Print)
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new diagnostic method for tissue characterization. OBJECTIVE: We investigated normal and pathologic structures in human skin in several locations to evaluate the potential application of this technique to dermatology. METHODS: Based on the principle of low-coherence interferometry, cross-sectional images of the human skin can be obtained in vivo with a high spatial resolution of about 15 microns. Within a penetration depth of 0.5 to 1.5 mm, structures of the stratum corneum, the living epidermis, and the papillary dermis can be distinguished. RESULTS: Different layers could be detected that were differentiated by induction of experimental blisters and by comparison with corresponding histologic sections. Furthermore, OCT images of several skin diseases and tumors were obtained. CONCLUSION: OCT is a promising new imaging method for visualization of morphologic changes of superficial layers of the human skin. It may be useful for noninvasive diagnosis of bullous skin diseases, skin tumors, and in vivo investigation of pharmacologic effects.},
   keywords = {Adult
Anatomy, Cross-Sectional
Basement Membrane/pathology
Blister/diagnosis/pathology
Epidermis/anatomy & histology
Evaluation Studies
Female
Forearm/anatomy & histology
Hand/anatomy & histology
Humans
Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle/diagnosis/pathology
Image Enhancement
Interferometry
Male
Melanoma/diagnosis/pathology
Nails/anatomy & histology
Optics
Skin/*anatomy & histology
Skin Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology
Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/diagnosis/pathology
Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology
Tomography/*methods},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9418764},
   year = {1997},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Welzel1997,
   author = {Welzel, J. and Lankenau, E. and Birngruber, R. and Engelhardt, R.},
   title = {Optical coherence tomography of the human skin},
   journal = {J Am Acad Dermatol},
   volume = {37},
   number = {6},
   pages = {958-63},
   note = {0190-9622 (Print)
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
   abstract = {BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new diagnostic method for tissue characterization. OBJECTIVE: We investigated normal and pathologic structures in human skin in several locations to evaluate the potential application of this technique to dermatology. METHODS: Based on the principle of low-coherence interferometry, cross-sectional images of the human skin can be obtained in vivo with a high spatial resolution of about 15 microns. Within a penetration depth of 0.5 to 1.5 mm, structures of the stratum corneum, the living epidermis, and the papillary dermis can be distinguished. RESULTS: Different layers could be detected that were differentiated by induction of experimental blisters and by comparison with corresponding histologic sections. Furthermore, OCT images of several skin diseases and tumors were obtained. CONCLUSION: OCT is a promising new imaging method for visualization of morphologic changes of superficial layers of the human skin. It may be useful for noninvasive diagnosis of bullous skin diseases, skin tumors, and in vivo investigation of pharmacologic effects.},
   keywords = {Adult
Anatomy, Cross-Sectional
Basement Membrane/pathology
Blister/diagnosis/pathology
Epidermis/anatomy & histology
Evaluation Studies
Female
Forearm/anatomy & histology
Hand/anatomy & histology
Humans
Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle/diagnosis/pathology
Image Enhancement
Interferometry
Male
Melanoma/diagnosis/pathology
Nails/anatomy & histology
Optics
Skin/*anatomy & histology
Skin Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology
Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/diagnosis/pathology
Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology
Tomography/*methods},
   url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9418764},
   year = {1997},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Koop1997,
   author = {Koop, Norbert and Brinkmann, Ralf and Lankenau, Eva and Flache, Stefan and Engelhardt, Ralf and Birngruber, Reginald},
   title = {Optische Kohärenztomographie der Kornea und des vorderen Augenabschnitts},
   journal = {Der Ophthalmologe},
   volume = {94},
   number = {7},
   pages = {481-486},
   ISSN = {1433-0423},
   url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003470050143},
   year = {1997},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

@article{Pan,
   author = {Pan, Y. and Lankenau, E. and Welzel, J. and Birngruber, R. and Engelhardt, R.},
   title = {Optical Coherence - Gated imaging of Biological Tissues},
   journal = {IEEE J Quant Electr},
   volume = {2},
   number = {4},
   pages = {1029-1034},
   year = {1996}
}